Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Characterisation of Dissolved Organic Matter from Pyroligneous Acid
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Difference in DOM of PA at Different Temperature Ranges Characterised via Excitation–Emission Matrix-Fluorescence Regional Integration
2.1.1. Fluorescent Components
2.1.2. Variations in DOM Quality Indices
2.1.3. Variations in DOC Released from PA at Different Temperature Ranges
2.2. Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopic Analysis
2.2.1. Two-Dimensional Correlation Analysis of FTIR
2.2.2. Two-Dimensional Correlation Fluorescence Spectroscopy
2.3. PA Components at Different Temperature Ranges
2.4. Relationship between Chemical Components and Spectral Parameters
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Pyroligneous Acid Production
3.2. Excitation–Emission Matrix Fluorescence Measurements and Fluorescence Regional Integration Analysis
3.3. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
3.4. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy
3.5. Two-Dimensional Correlation Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Temperature | DOC (mg/L) | Fn (335) | FI | BIX | HIX |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 699.30 ± 0.91 b | 4219.92 ± 131.08 b | 1.91 ± 0.01 b | 1.13 ± 0.00 b | 1.66 ± 0.02 b |
T2 | 855.46 ± 4.28 a | 6549.58 ± 252.42 a | 2.24 ± 0.04 a | 1.38 ± 0.03 a | 8.20 ± 4.81 a |
T3 | 1030.33 ± 4.04 c | 1931.14 ± 95.88 c | 1.66 ± 0.02 c | 0.81 ± 0.03 c | 0.06 ± 0.03 c |
T4 | 1245.33 ± 17.00 d | 1203.14 ± 785.21 d | 1.96 ± 0.04 b | 0.64 ± 0.55 c | 0.16 ± 0.18b c |
T5 | 1532.66 ± 11.59 e | 279.45 ± 34.52 e | 1.90 ± 0.04 b | 0.08 ± 0.13 d | 0.40 ± 0.02b c |
Position (cm−1) | 984 | 1185 | 1295 | 1601 | 1684 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
984 | + | +(−) | +(−) | +(−) | +(−) |
1185 | + | +(+) | +(−) | +(+) | |
1295 | + | +(+) | +(+) | ||
1601 | + | +(+) | |||
1684 | + |
Position (cm−1) | 320 | 360 | 380 | 450 |
---|---|---|---|---|
320 | + | +(−) | +(−) | +(−) |
360 | + | +(+) | +(−) | |
380 | + | +(−) | ||
450 | + |
Index | Definition |
---|---|
Fn (355) | Fluorescence signal intensity at Ex=355 nm, Em=450 nm |
HIX (Humification index) | Region integral ratio between Em=435–480 nm and Em=300–345 nm at Ex=245 nm. |
FI (Fluorescence index) | Ex=370 nm, ratio of between Em=470 nm and Em=520 nm. |
BIX (Autochthonous index) | Ratio of fluorescence intensity at Em=380–430 nm at Ex=310 nm |
Ψ (ν1, ν2) | Φ (ν1, ν2) | Interpretation |
---|---|---|
+ | Intensity of ν1 and ν2 are changing in the same direction | |
− | Intensity of ν1 and ν2 are changing in the opposite direction | |
+ | + | Change at ν1 is occurring predominantly before that at ν2 |
− | + | Change at ν1 is occurring predominantly after that at ν2 |
− | − | Change at ν1 is occurring predominantly before that at ν2 |
+ | − | Change at ν1 is occurring predominantly after that at ν2 |
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Guo, G.; Wang, Q.; Huang, Q.; Fu, Q.; Liu, Y.; Wang, J.; Hu, S.; Mašek, O.; Wang, L.; Zhang, J. Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Characterisation of Dissolved Organic Matter from Pyroligneous Acid. Molecules 2021, 26, 3416. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113416
Guo G, Wang Q, Huang Q, Fu Q, Liu Y, Wang J, Hu S, Mašek O, Wang L, Zhang J. Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Characterisation of Dissolved Organic Matter from Pyroligneous Acid. Molecules. 2021; 26(11):3416. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113416
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuo, Genmao, Qingqing Wang, Qing Huang, Qionglin Fu, Yin Liu, Junfeng Wang, Shan Hu, Ondřej Mašek, Luya Wang, and Ju Zhang. 2021. "Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Characterisation of Dissolved Organic Matter from Pyroligneous Acid" Molecules 26, no. 11: 3416. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113416