Synthesis and Applications of Nanowires

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Applied Sciences applsci	2.7	4.5	2011	16.9 Days	CHF 2400
Electronics electronics	2.9	4.7	2012	15.6 Days	CHF 2400
Materials materials	3.4	5.2	2008	13.9 Days	CHF 2600
Molecules molecules	4.6	6.7	1996	14.6 Days	CHF 2700
Nanomaterials nanomaterials	5.3	7.4	2010	13.6 Days	CHF 2900

10 pages, 31066 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Rebuildable Silver Nanoparticles Employed as Seeds for Synthesis of Pure Silver Nanopillars with Hexagonal Cross-Sections under Room Temperature

by Pengfei Yang, Yu Liang, Daxiao Zhang, Shaobo Ge, Shijie Li, Xichao Liang, Jin Zhang, Yingxue Xi, Yan Zhang and Weiguo Liu

Nanomaterials 2023, 13(7), 1263; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13071263 - 03 Apr 2023

Viewed by 1160

Abstract

Silver nanopillars with strong plasmonic effects are used for localized electromagnetic field enhancement and regulation and have wide potential applications in sensing, bioimaging, and surface-enhanced spectroscopy. Normally, the controlled synthesis of silver nanopillars is mainly achieved using heterometallic nanoparticles, including Au nanobipyramids and [...] Read more.

Silver nanopillars with strong plasmonic effects are used for localized electromagnetic field enhancement and regulation and have wide potential applications in sensing, bioimaging, and surface-enhanced spectroscopy. Normally, the controlled synthesis of silver nanopillars is mainly achieved using heterometallic nanoparticles, including Au nanobipyramids and Pd decahedra, as seeds for inducing nanostructure growth. However, the seed materials are usually doped in silver nanopillar products. Herein, the synthesis of pure silver nanopillars with hexagonal cross-sections is achieved by employing rebuildable silver nanoparticles as seeds. An environmentally friendly, stable, and reproducible synthetic route for obtaining silver nanopillars is proposed using sodium dodecyl sulfate as the surface stabilizer. Furthermore, the seed particles induce the formation of regular structures at different temperatures, and, specifically, room temperature is beneficial for the growth of nanopillars. The availability of silver nanoparticle seeds using sodium alginate as a carrier at different temperatures was verified. A reproducible method was developed to synthesize pure silver nanopillars from silver nanoparticles at room temperature, which can provide a strategy for designing plasmonic nanostructures for chemical and biological applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Synthesis and Applications of Nanowires)

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17 pages, 5643 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Nature of Ferromagnetism in a System of Self-Ordered α-FeSi₂ Nanorods on a Si(111)-4° Vicinal Surface: Experiment and Theory

by Nikolay G. Galkin, Dmitrii L. Goroshko, Ivan A. Tkachenko, Aleksey Yu. Samardak, Konstantin N. Galkin, Evgenii Yu. Subbotin, Sergei A. Dotsenko, Dmitry B. Migas and Anton K. Gutakovskii

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(20), 3707; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12203707 - 21 Oct 2022

Viewed by 1381

Abstract

In this study, the appearance of magnetic moments and ferromagnetism in nanostructures of non-magnetic materials based on silicon and transition metals (such as iron) was considered experimentally and theoretically. An analysis of the related literature shows that for a monolayer iron coating on [...] Read more.

In this study, the appearance of magnetic moments and ferromagnetism in nanostructures of non-magnetic materials based on silicon and transition metals (such as iron) was considered experimentally and theoretically. An analysis of the related literature shows that for a monolayer iron coating on a vicinal silicon surface with (111) orientation after solid-phase annealing at 450–550 °C, self-ordered two-dimensional islands of α-FeSi₂ displaying superparamagnetic properties are formed. We studied the transition to ferromagnetic properties in a system of α-FeSi₂ nanorods (NRs) in the temperature range of 2–300 K with an increase in the iron coverage to 5.22 monolayers. The structure of the NRs was verified along with distortions in their lattice parameters due to heteroepitaxial growth. The formation of single-domain grains in α-FeSi₂ NRs with a cross-section of 6.6 × 30 nm² was confirmed by low-temperature and field studies and FORC (first-order magnetization reversal curves) diagrams. A mechanism for maintaining ferromagnetic properties is proposed. Ab initio calculations in freestanding α-FeSi₂ nanowires revealed the formation of magnetic moments for some surface Fe atoms only at specific facets. The difference in the averaged magnetic moments between theory and experiments can confirm the presence of possible contributions from defects on the surface of the NRs and in the bulk of the α-FeSi₂ NR crystal lattice. The formed α-FeSi₂ NRs with ferromagnetic properties up to 300 K are crucial for spintronic device development within planar silicon technology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Synthesis and Applications of Nanowires)

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22 pages, 5040 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Rapid Synthesis of Ultralong Hydroxyapatite Nanowires Using Adenosine 5′-Triphosphate

by Yu Zhang, Ying-Jie Zhu and Han-Ping Yu

Molecules 2022, 27(15), 5020; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27155020 - 07 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1866

Abstract

Ultralong hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanowires are promising for various biomedical applications owing to their chemical similarity to the inorganic constituent of bone, high biocompatibility, good flexibility, excellent mechanical properties, etc. However, it is still challenging to control the formation of ultralong HAP nanowires because [...] Read more.

Ultralong hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanowires are promising for various biomedical applications owing to their chemical similarity to the inorganic constituent of bone, high biocompatibility, good flexibility, excellent mechanical properties, etc. However, it is still challenging to control the formation of ultralong HAP nanowires because of the presence of free PO₄³⁻ ions in the reaction system containing the inorganic phosphate source. In addition, it takes a long period of time (usually tens of hours) for the synthetic process of ultralong HAP nanowires. Herein, for the first time, we have developed an eco-friendly calcium oleate precursor microwave hydrothermal method using biocompatible adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) as a bio-phosphorus source and water as the only solvent for the rapid synthesis of ultralong HAP nanowires. The controllable hydrolysis of ATP can avoid the premature formation of calcium phosphate nuclei and uncontrollable crystal growth. Microwave heating can significantly shorten the synthetic time from tens of hours required by the traditional heating to 1 h, thus achieving high efficiency, energy saving and low cost. The as-prepared ultralong HAP nanowires with high flexibility have lengths of several hundred micrometers and diameters of 10~20 nm, and they usually self-assemble into nanowire bundles along their longitudinal direction. The as-prepared ultralong HAP nanowire/chitosan porous scaffold has excellent bioactivity, good biodegradation and cytocompatibility owing to the bioactive adenosine adsorbed on the surface of ultralong HAP nanowires. It is expected that ultralong HAP nanowires will be promising for various applications in the biomedical fields, such as bone defect repair, skin wound healing, and as a drug nanocarrier. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Synthesis and Applications of Nanowires)

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23 pages, 4647 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Static and Free Vibration Analyses of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT)–Substrate Medium Systems

by Suchart Limkatanyu, Worathep Sae-Long, Hamid Mohammad-Sedighi, Jaroon Rungamornrat, Piti Sukontasukkul, Thanongsak Imjai and Hexin Zhang

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(10), 1740; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12101740 - 19 May 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1458

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel nanobar–substrate medium model for static and free vibration analyses of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) systems embedded in the elastic substrate medium. The modified strain-gradient elasticity theory is utilized to account for the material small-scale effect, while the Gurtin–Murdoch [...] Read more.

This paper proposes a novel nanobar–substrate medium model for static and free vibration analyses of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) systems embedded in the elastic substrate medium. The modified strain-gradient elasticity theory is utilized to account for the material small-scale effect, while the Gurtin–Murdoch surface theory is employed to represent the surface energy effect. The Winkler foundation model is assigned to consider the interactive mechanism between the nanobar and its surrounding substrate medium. Hamilton’s principle is used to consistently derive the system governing equation, initial conditions, and classical as well as non-classical boundary conditions. Two numerical simulations are employed to demonstrate the essence of the material small-scale effect, the surface energy effect, and the surrounding substrate medium on static and free vibration responses of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)–substrate medium systems. The simulation results show that the material small-scale effect, the surface energy effect, and the interaction between the substrate and the structure led to a system-stiffness enhancement both in static and free vibration analyses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Synthesis and Applications of Nanowires)

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15 pages, 4124 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Piezoelectric Property of Electrospun PVDF Nanofibers as Linking Tips of Artificial-Hair-Cell Structures in Cochlea

by Rana Sabouni Tabari, Yu Chen, Kunyapat Thummavichai, Yan Zhang, Zakaria Saadi, Ana I. S. Neves, Yongde Xia and Yanqiu Zhu

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(9), 1466; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12091466 - 26 Apr 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2011

Abstract

The death of hair cells and damage of natural tip links is one of the main causes of hearing-loss disability, and the development of an advanced artificial hearing aid holds the key to assisting those suffering from hearing loss. This study demonstrates the [...] Read more.

The death of hair cells and damage of natural tip links is one of the main causes of hearing-loss disability, and the development of an advanced artificial hearing aid holds the key to assisting those suffering from hearing loss. This study demonstrates the potential of using electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibers to serve as the artificial tip links, for long-term hearing-aid-device development based on their piezoelectric properties. We have shown that the electrospun PVDF-fiber web, consisting of fibers ranging from 30–220 nm in diameter with high β-phase content, possesses the high piezoresponse of 170 mV. Analyses based on combined characterization methods including SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, Raman, DSC, XPS, PFM and piezoelectricity have confirmed that an optimized value of 15 wt.% PVDF could act as an effective candidate for a tip-link connector in a vibration-frequency prototype. Based on this easily reproducible electrospinning technique and the multifunctionalities of the resulting PVDF fibers, this fundamental study may shed light on the bio-inspired design of artificial, self-powered, high performance, hair-cell-like sensors in cochlea to tackle the hearing loss issue. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Synthesis and Applications of Nanowires)

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16 pages, 6763 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Effective Strategy for Template-Free Electrodeposition of Aluminum Nanowires with Highly Controllable Irregular Morphologies

by Heng Wang, Guo-Min Li, Bing Li and Jing-Lin You

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(9), 1390; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12091390 - 19 Apr 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1481

Abstract

Aluminum nanowires with irregular morphologies were prepared by template-free electrodeposition from a room-temperature chloroaluminate ionic liquid. The effects of the diffusion condition and deposition potential on the morphologies of Al nanowires were investigated. The decrease of diffusion flux leads to the formation of [...] Read more.

Aluminum nanowires with irregular morphologies were prepared by template-free electrodeposition from a room-temperature chloroaluminate ionic liquid. The effects of the diffusion condition and deposition potential on the morphologies of Al nanowires were investigated. The decrease of diffusion flux leads to the formation of particular segmented morphologies of Al nanowires. A dynamic equilibrium between the electrochemical reaction and the diffusion of Al₂Cl₇⁻ results in the current fluctuation and the periodical variation of diameters in the Al nanowires growth period. Al nanowires with several kinds of morphologies can be controllably electrodeposited under a restricted diffusion condition, without using a template. Increasing the overpotential shows the similar influence on the morphology of Al nanowires as the decrease in diffusion flux under the restricted diffusion condition. Most of the segmented Al nanowires have a single crystalline structure and grow in the [100] orientation. This work also provides a new strategy for the fabrication of nanowires with highly controllable irregular morphologies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Synthesis and Applications of Nanowires)

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12 pages, 5366 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Shape Anisotropy on Hard–Soft Exchange-Coupled Permanent Magnets

by Zhi Yang, Yuanyuan Chen, Weiqiang Liu, Yatao Wang, Yuqing Li, Dongtao Zhang, Qingmei Lu, Qiong Wu, Hongguo Zhang and Ming Yue

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(8), 1261; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12081261 - 08 Apr 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1552

Abstract

Exchange-coupled magnets are promising candidates for a new generation of permanent magnets. Here, we investigated the effect of soft magnetic shell thickness and the aspect ratio of the hard magnetic core on the magnetic properties for isolated core/shell cylinder exchange-coupled magnets, as well [...] Read more.

Exchange-coupled magnets are promising candidates for a new generation of permanent magnets. Here, we investigated the effect of soft magnetic shell thickness and the aspect ratio of the hard magnetic core on the magnetic properties for isolated core/shell cylinder exchange-coupled magnets, as well as the packing effect of the cylindrical array via a micromagnetic simulation method. It was found that the shape anisotropy contributions to the magnetic properties in the cylindrical core/shell exchange-coupled magnets are closely related to the thickness of the soft magnetic shell. When the soft magnetic shell is thin, the magnetic properties are dominated by the hard–soft exchange coupling effects, and the contributions of shape anisotropy are quite limited. When the soft magnetic shell is relatively thick, utilizing shape anisotropy would be an effective method to improve the magnetic performance of hard–soft exchange-coupled magnets. The present work provides an in-depth fundamental understanding of the underlying magnetization reversal mechanism. This work could be useful for designing high-performance permanent magnets and avoiding pitfalls. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Synthesis and Applications of Nanowires)

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10 pages, 1862 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Cation Distributions of Zn-doped Normal Spinel MgFe₂O₄ Ferrite and Its Magnetic Properties

by Xue Zeng, Zhipeng Hou, Jiaqi Ju, Lei Gao, Junwei Zhang and Yong Peng

Materials 2022, 15(7), 2422; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15072422 - 25 Mar 2022

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2715

Abstract

Determining the exact occupation sites of the doping ions in spinel ferrites is vital for tailoring and improving their magnetic properties. In this study, the distribution and occupation sites of cations in MgFe₂O₄ and Zn-doped MgFe₂O₄ ferrite [...] Read more.

Determining the exact occupation sites of the doping ions in spinel ferrites is vital for tailoring and improving their magnetic properties. In this study, the distribution and occupation sites of cations in MgFe₂O₄ and Zn-doped MgFe₂O₄ ferrite are imaged by Cs-STEM. The experimental STEM images along [001], [011] and [111] orientations suggest that the divalent Mg²⁺ cations occupy all A sites, and the trivalent Fe³⁺ cations occupy all B sites in MgFe₂O₄ ferrite prepared by electrospinning, which is consistent with the normal spinel structure. We further clarify that the preferred sites of dopant Zn²⁺ ions are Fe³⁺ crystallographic sites in the Zn-doped MgFe₂O₄ ferrite nanofibers. Magnetic measurements show that Zn doping affects the spin states of the Fe³⁺, and the Fe³⁺-O²⁻-Fe³⁺ super-exchange interaction leads to enhancements in the magnetization and reduction in the Curie temperature. Our work should contribute a significant step toward eventually realizing the practical application of doped spinel ferrites. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Synthesis and Applications of Nanowires)

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14 pages, 3489 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Metal-Organic Framework Assembled on Oriented Nanofiber Arrays for Field-Effect Transistor and Gas Sensor-Based Applications

by Jinlong Mu, Xing Zhong, Wei Dai, Xin Pei, Jian Sun, Junyuan Zhang, Wenjun Luo and Wei Zhou

Molecules 2022, 27(7), 2131; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072131 - 25 Mar 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2591

Abstract

Metal–organic framework (MOF) films are essential for numerous sensor and device applications. However, metal-organic framework materials have poor machinability due to their predominant powder-like nature, and their presence as the active layer in a device can seriously affect the performance and utility of [...] Read more.

Metal–organic framework (MOF) films are essential for numerous sensor and device applications. However, metal-organic framework materials have poor machinability due to their predominant powder-like nature, and their presence as the active layer in a device can seriously affect the performance and utility of the device. Herein, active layers of field-effect transistor (FETs) devices and chemiresistor gas sensors with high performance were constructed by loading Cu₃(HITP)₂ (HITP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene) in situ-axial anchoring on oriented nanofiber arrays prepared via electrospinning. The strong interaction between polar groups on the polymer chains and metal ions promotes the nucleation of Cu₃(HITP)₂, steric hindrance makes particles of Cu₃(HITP)₂ with uniform size, morphology, and good crystallinity during nucleation by liquid phase epitaxial growth (LPE). Influences of differently-oriented Cu₃(HITP)₂ NFAs-based FETs on the electrical properties were studied, optimally oriented Cu₃(HITP)₂ NFAs-based FETs showed good mobility of 5.09 cm²/V·s and on/off ratio of 9.6 × 10³. Moreover, excellent gas sensing response characteristics were exhibited in sensing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Chemiresistor gas sensors with high response value, faster response and recovery are widely suited for VOCs. It brings new inspirations for the design and utilization of electrically conductive MOFs as an active layer for FETs and sensor units for chemiresistor gas sensors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Synthesis and Applications of Nanowires)

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14 pages, 3696 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Self-Powered Organometal Halide Perovskite Photodetector with Embedded Silver Nanowires

by Almaz R. Beisenbayev, Zhandos T. Sadirkhanov, Yerassyl Yerlanuly, Marat I. Kaikanov and Askhat N. Jumabekov

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(7), 1034; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12071034 - 22 Mar 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2703

Abstract

Metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) configuration of perovskite photodetectors (PPDs) suggests easy and low-cost manufacturing. However, the basic structures of MSM PPDs include vertical and lateral configurations, which require the use of expensive materials such as transparent conductive oxides or/and sophisticated fabrication techniques such as lithography. [...] Read more.

Metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) configuration of perovskite photodetectors (PPDs) suggests easy and low-cost manufacturing. However, the basic structures of MSM PPDs include vertical and lateral configurations, which require the use of expensive materials such as transparent conductive oxides or/and sophisticated fabrication techniques such as lithography. Integrating metallic nanowire-based electrodes into the perovskite photo-absorber layer to form one-half of the MSM PPD structure could potentially resolve the key issues of both configurations. Here, a manufacturing of solution-processed and self-powered MSM PPDs with embedded silver nanowire electrodes is demonstrated. The embedding of silver nanowire electrode into the perovskite layer is achieved by treating the silver nanowire/perovskite double layer with a methylamine gas vapor. The evaporated gold layer is used as the second electrode to form MSM PPDs. The prepared MSM PPDs show a photoresponsivity of 4 × 10⁻⁵ AW⁻¹ in the UV region and 2 × 10⁻⁵ AW⁻¹ in the visible region. On average, the devices exhibit a photocurrent of 1.1 × 10⁻⁶ A under white light (75 mW cm⁻²) illumination with an ON/OFF ratio of 83.4. The results presented in this work open up a new method for development and fabrication of simple, solution-processable MSM self-powered PPDs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Synthesis and Applications of Nanowires)

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8 pages, 4345 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Scalable Production of High-Quality Silver Nanowires via Continuous-Flow Droplet Synthesis

by Jianming Yu, Lijie Yang, Jing Jiang, Xunyi Dong, Zhiyang Cui, Chao Wang and Zhenda Lu

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(6), 1018; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12061018 - 21 Mar 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2723

Abstract

Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) have shown great potential in next-generation flexible displays, due to their superior electronic, optical, and mechanical properties. However, as with most nanomaterials, a limited production capacity and poor reproduction quality, based on the batch reaction, largely hinder their application. [...] Read more.

Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) have shown great potential in next-generation flexible displays, due to their superior electronic, optical, and mechanical properties. However, as with most nanomaterials, a limited production capacity and poor reproduction quality, based on the batch reaction, largely hinder their application. Here, we applied continuous-flow synthesis for the scalable and high-quality production of Ag NWs, and built a pilot-scale line for kilogram-level per day production. In addition, we found that trace quantities of water could generate sufficient vapor as a spacer under high temperature to efficiently prevent the back-flow or mixed-flow of the reaction solution. With an optimized synthetic formula, a mass production of pure Ag NWs of 36.5 g/h was achieved by a multiple-channel, continuous-flow reactor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Synthesis and Applications of Nanowires)

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8 pages, 14783 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Magnetotransport Studies of Encapsulated Topological Insulator Bi₂Se₃ Nanoribbons

by Gunta Kunakova, Edijs Kauranens, Kiryl Niherysh, Mikhael Bechelany, Krisjanis Smits, Gatis Mozolevskis, Thilo Bauch, Floriana Lombardi and Donats Erts

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(5), 768; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12050768 - 24 Feb 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1667

Abstract

The majority of proposed exotic applications employing 3D topological insulators require high-quality materials with reduced dimensions. Catalyst-free, PVD-grown Bi₂Se₃ nanoribbons are particularly promising for these applications due to the extraordinarily high mobility of their surface Dirac states, and low bulk [...] Read more.

The majority of proposed exotic applications employing 3D topological insulators require high-quality materials with reduced dimensions. Catalyst-free, PVD-grown Bi₂Se₃ nanoribbons are particularly promising for these applications due to the extraordinarily high mobility of their surface Dirac states, and low bulk carrier densities. However, these materials are prone to the formation of surface accumulation layers; therefore, the implementation of surface encapsulation layers and the choice of appropriate dielectrics for building gate-tunable devices are important. In this work, all-around ZnO-encapsulated nanoribbons are investigated. Gate-dependent magnetotransport measurements show improved charge transport characteristics as reduced nanoribbon/substrate interface carrier densities compared to the values obtained for the as-grown nanoribbons on SiO₂ substrates. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Synthesis and Applications of Nanowires)

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