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Water
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Urban Drainage Systems
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Urban Drainage Systems

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Urban Water Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2021) | Viewed by 17600

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Fouad H. Jaber

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Guest Editor
Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, Dallas, TX 75252, USA
Interests: urban hydrology; green stormwater infrastructure; stream processes
Prof. Dr. Nadim Farajalla

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Guest Editor
Director Climate Change and Environment Program, Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy and International Affairs, American University of Beirut, Bliss St., Beirut 2020-1100, Lebanon
Interests: climate change; adaptation; vulnerability; resilience; water-energy-food nexus; water security; water resources management; urban/agricultural drainage
Prof. Dr. Hadi H. Jaafar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Bliss St., Beirut 2020-1100, Lebanon
Interests: remote sensing; GIS; hydrologic modeling; flood plain analysis
Dr. Bassel Daher

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Guest Editor
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
Interests: water-energy-food nexus; sustainable development; bridging science and policy; stakeholder engagement
Prof. Dr. Rabi H. Mohtar

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
1. Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
2. Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Bliss St., Beirut 2020-1100, Lebanon
Interests: water-energy-food nexus; water productivity; soil water characterization and modeling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Increased population growth and, in many areas, uncontrolled urbanization, have led to increased imperviousness in cities across the world. This has resulted in an upsurge of urban flooding and the impairment of waterbodies due to increased stormwater flow rate, peak flow, and total volumes draining into streams, lakes, and estuaries. It has also resulted in larger pollutant loads that have impaired these water bodies. Traditional urban drainage systems, built with flooding in mind, drain stormwater rapidly into surface or subsurface conduits. Alternative sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) that integrate green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) practices can minimize flows from existing developments while controlling natural flows, thus reducing flooding and pollution and simultaneously increasing infiltration and groundwater recharge.

The adoption of GSI approaches in urban drainage has been increasing mostly due to incentive programs or regulations. With climate change and the increasing detection of emerging contaminants in the environment, many challenges and unknowns regarding SUDS remain. The technical and cost effectiveness and physical footprint of existing GSI designs need to be assessed for their performance with regard to their space requirements and the expected frequent occurrence of extreme events. Urban drainage systems that address the increasing water pollution from hormones and pharmaceuticals also need to be developed. Assessing the current regulations and programs that encourage cities to accept SUDS is necessary for their wider adoption internationally.

This Special Issue aims to gather scientific contributions and case studies that address the challenges faced by urban drainage networks within a changing environment. These challenges are complex and require a system of systems approach in order to develop multi-faceted solutions that address their engineering, socio-economic, policy, and governance dimensions. Examples of these dimensions include:

Engineering: exploring innovative infrastructure including urban drainage, treatment and storage technologies, solar, vertical farming, hydroponics;

Modelling of interconnected system to identify potential solutions to support future city planning;

Socio-Economic: identifying financing challenges and barriers to implementation, impacts on various communities including low-income and economic impacts including damage to properties, agriculture, transport, etc;

Policy and governance: identifying innovative policy incentives, institutional mechanisms, and governance models required to implement GSI solutions.

Worldwide findings on the betterment of urban drainage networks can be greatly beneficial to the increased implementation of SUDS and GSI practices.

Prof. Dr. Fouad H. Jaber
Prof. Dr. Nadim Farajalla
Prof. Dr. Hadi H. Jaafar
Dr. Bassel Daher
Prof. Dr. Rabi H. Mohtar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 5711 KiB  
Article
Integrating Structural Resilience in the Design of Urban Drainage Networks in Flat Areas Using a Simplified Multi-Objective Optimization Framework
by Amin E. Bakhshipour, Jessica Hespen, Ali Haghighi, Ulrich Dittmer and Wolfgang Nowak
Water 2021, 13(3), 269; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13030269 - 22 Jan 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2860
Abstract
Structural resilience describes urban drainage systems’ (UDSs) ability to minimize the frequency and magnitude of failure due to common structural issues such as pipe clogging and cracking or pump failure. Structural resilience is often neglected in the design of UDSs. The current literature [...] Read more.
Structural resilience describes urban drainage systems’ (UDSs) ability to minimize the frequency and magnitude of failure due to common structural issues such as pipe clogging and cracking or pump failure. Structural resilience is often neglected in the design of UDSs. The current literature supports structural decentralization as a way to introduce structural resilience into UDSs. Although there are promising methods in the literature for generating and optimizing decentralized separate stormwater collection systems, incorporating hydraulic simulations in unsteady flow, these approaches sometimes require high computational effort, especially for flat areas. This may hamper their integration into ordinary commercially designed UDS software due to their predominantly scientific purposes. As a response, this paper introduces simplified cost and structural resilience indices that can be used as heuristic parameters for optimizing the UDS layout. These indices only use graph connectivity information, which is computationally much less expensive than hydraulic simulation. The use of simplified objective functions significantly simplifies the feasible search space and reduces blind searches by optimization. To demonstrate the application and advantages of the proposed model, a real case study in the southwest city of Ahvaz, Iran was explored. The proposed framework was proven to be promising for reducing the computational effort and for delivering realistic cost-wise and resilient UDSs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Drainage Systems)
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16 pages, 6057 KiB  
Article
A 3D Reconstruction Pipeline of Urban Drainage Pipes Based on MultiviewImage Matching Using Low-Cost Panoramic Video Cameras
by Xujie Zhang, Pengcheng Zhao, Qingwu Hu, Hean Wang, Mingyao Ai and Jiayuan Li
Water 2019, 11(10), 2101; https://doi.org/10.3390/w11102101 - 9 Oct 2019
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 5317
Abstract
Urban drainage pipe networks have complex spatial contributions, andthey are now facing problems such as damage, defects, and aging. A rapid and high-precision pipe inspection strategy is thekey to ensuring thesustainable development of urban water supply and drainage system. In this paper, a [...] Read more.
Urban drainage pipe networks have complex spatial contributions, andthey are now facing problems such as damage, defects, and aging. A rapid and high-precision pipe inspection strategy is thekey to ensuring thesustainable development of urban water supply and drainage system. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction pipeline of urban drainage pipes based on multiview image matching using low-cost panoramic video cameras is proposed, which provides an innovative technical approach for pipe inspection. Firstly, we extracted frames from the panoramic video of the pipes andcorrected the geometric distortion using a spherical reprojection to obtain multiview pipe images. Second, the robust feature matching method using support lines and affine-invariant ratios isintroduced to conduct pipe image matching. Finally, the photogrammetric processing, using structure from motion (SfM) and dense reconstruction, wasintroduced to achieve the 3D modeling of drainage pipes. Several typical drainage pipes and shafts of the real scenes were taken for the 3D reconstruction experiments. Theresults show that our strategy can realize high-precision 3D reconstruction of different types of pipes, which can provide effective technical support for rapid and efficient inspection of urban pipes with broad application prospects in the daily management of sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDSs). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Drainage Systems)
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12 pages, 2212 KiB  
Article
Performance of a Hydraulically Linked and Physically Decoupled Stormwater Control Measure (SCM) System with Potentially Heterogeneous Native Soil
by Min-cheng Tu and Robert Traver
Water 2019, 11(7), 1472; https://doi.org/10.3390/w11071472 - 16 Jul 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3258
Abstract
This study shows that a physically decoupled but hydraulically linked design focusing on surface infiltration components (i.e., excluding underdrain and infiltration bed systems) can be the preferred way to have a low-cost and robust stormwater control measure (SCM) system. The SCM under investigation [...] Read more.
This study shows that a physically decoupled but hydraulically linked design focusing on surface infiltration components (i.e., excluding underdrain and infiltration bed systems) can be the preferred way to have a low-cost and robust stormwater control measure (SCM) system. The SCM under investigation in Philadelphia, PA, is a green infrastructure (GI) and has a mirrored design of two sets of hydraulically linked planters. Each planter has an overflow pipe connected to an underground infiltration bed. The system showed excellent overall performance as no overflow/bypass entering the combined sewer. A large variation of saturated hydraulic conductivity was found for the planter soil, and the planter with lower saturated hydraulic conductivity created surface runoff that overflows to the next planter in line. Due to the linked design, the unexpected deviation of performance of a single planter did not affect overall system performance. The infiltration bed showed great variation in water drawdown rate at different water depth, which could be caused by the possible high heterogeneity of the native soil. The study argued that overflow systems, which handled only about 18% of runoff in this study, can be replaced by slightly larger surface area for lower building cost, lower maintenance cost, and more reliable performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Drainage Systems)
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Review

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21 pages, 280 KiB  
Review
Optimization of Green Infrastructure Practices in Industrial Areas for Runoff Management: A Review on Issues, Challenges and Opportunities
by Varuni M. Jayasooriya, Anne W.M. Ng, Shobha Muthukumaran and Chris B.J. Perera
Water 2020, 12(4), 1024; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12041024 - 3 Apr 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4852
Abstract
In urbanized lands, industrial areas are generally located close to residential and commercial areas due to ease of access for material and human resources. These industrial areas annually discharge large volumes of contaminated stormwater to receiving waters. Green Infrastructure (GI) practices, which were [...] Read more.
In urbanized lands, industrial areas are generally located close to residential and commercial areas due to ease of access for material and human resources. These industrial areas annually discharge large volumes of contaminated stormwater to receiving waters. Green Infrastructure (GI) practices, which were initially introduced as a land conservation strategy to enhance green space in urban areas, can provide benefits in source control of runoff generated in industrial areas with higher percentage of impermeable surfaces. Even though industrial areas across the world are currently looking at the applications of GI to reduce the impacts of excessive runoff and mitigate flash floods, several debates exist in optimization of these practices for such areas. In the current practice, optimal selection of GI practices for such areas are generally conducted based on expert judgement, and there are no systematic methodologies currently available for this process. This paper presents a review on various issues, challenges, and opportunities in the optimum applications of GI practices for industrial areas. The Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis conducted in this review by focusing on the applications of GI practices for industrial areas, helped to identify the existing research gaps for the optimization. Furthermore, the review showed the importance of engaging the multi-disciplinary stakeholders in the GI optimization process for industrial areas. In conclusion, the present review highlights the importance of introducing a systematic methodology for the optimum applications of GI practices for industrial areas to manage stormwater. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Drainage Systems)
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