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Modeling and Analysis of Hydrodynamics, Water Quality and Ice Phenomena...
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Modeling and Analysis of Hydrodynamics, Water Quality and Ice Phenomena for Lagoons and Shallow Bays

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2022) | Viewed by 15441

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Piotr Zima

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
Interests: mathematical modelling; numerical simulation; hydrology; hydraulics; fluid mechanics; hydrodynamics; pollution migration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

You are encouraged to submit articles on the modeling and analysis of problems related to hydrodynamics, the transport of pollutants and ice phenomena in shallow water areas in coastal zones, such as bays and lagoons. These areas usually constitute a direct zone of interaction between a coastal zone and an open water body. Due to the low depth, there may be many unfavorable phenomena affecting the surrounding environment, both natural and artificial. This refers to risks associated with the problem of significant fluctuations in water levels and the occurrence of changes in water circulation. Shallow waters are also exposed to a significant impact of pollution, both in relation to the surrounding shore and the water body itself. On the one hand, shallow waters are exposed to deposits of pollutants in zones where water exchange is impeded; on the other hand, the intensification of water circulation (caused by, e.g., meteorological conditions or the operation of hydrotechnical infrastructure) may cause the entrainment of bottom sediments and secondary pollution of waters. Shallow coastal waters are also exposed to the outflow of pollutants from nearby areas. Research combining the analysis and modeling of pollutants entering coastal waters together with surface and ground waters is very important. Also, ice phenomena are characterized by different dynamics in the case of shallow water bodies and can significantly affect other processes and hydrotechnical infrastructure. For this reason, the possibility of the modeling (especially mathematical) or analysis of extreme phenomena is of great importance in the case of carrying out any protective actions and anticipating possible undesired effects. This Special Issue should be forward-looking in the sense that we use various tools and methods in counteracting the appearance of undesirable effects in lagoons and shallow bays. In addition, these analyses can be a useful tool in the design of new fairways, port quays and marinas, and in the verification of concepts that can improve the condition of waters in such water bodies. These tools can also help in analyzing the impact of such activities. Case studies are suitable, however, they must substantively contribute to a broader understanding of this topic.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Piotr Zima
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mathematical modeling
  • analysis
  • hydrodynamics
  • pollution transfer
  • ice phenomena
  • shallow water
  • lagoons and bays

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3595 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Water Level Variation in the Polish Part of the Vistula Lagoon (Baltic Sea) and Estimation of Water Inflow and Outflow Transport through the Strait of Baltiysk in the Years 2008–2017
by Michał Szydłowski, Wojciech Artichowicz and Piotr Zima
Water 2021, 13(10), 1328; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13101328 - 11 May 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2280
Abstract
The Vistula Lagoon is located in both Poland and Russia along the southern coast of the Baltic Sea. It is connected to the Baltic Sea in the Russian part by the Strait of Baltiysk. The purpose of the paper is to identify the [...] Read more.
The Vistula Lagoon is located in both Poland and Russia along the southern coast of the Baltic Sea. It is connected to the Baltic Sea in the Russian part by the Strait of Baltiysk. The purpose of the paper is to identify the dominant factors underlying the water level variation mechanism at Tolkmicko in the Vistula Lagoon, revealed by a statistical analysis of the measured data and a discussion on the inflow and outflow transport variation through the strait, estimated by numerical modeling. Seawater transport is exceptionally valuable in terms of the hydrological water balance in the lagoon. Historical research on the hydrology of the lagoon shows that the water exchange in the lagoon is quite complex due to the presence of several different sources of water balance, such as seawater inflow, river inflow, groundwater inflow, precipitation, and evaporation. Unfortunately, there are no current data on seawater inflow and outflow through the Strait of Baltiysk due to the lack of continuous flow measurements in the strait. A novelty of the current work is an in-depth statistical analysis of the water level variation in the Polish part of the lagoon over a long time period and an estimation of water transport through the Strait of Baltiysk by use of a numerical model. The model reproduces well the water level variation responding to variations in the sea level outside the lagoon and the wind action over the lagoon. The years 2008–2017 were chosen as the analysis period. A two-dimensional free surface shallow water numerical model of the lagoon was adapted to simulate the water level variation in view of the wind over the lagoon and the sea level variation at one open boundary. Finally, it was concluded that the water level variation on the Polish side of the Vistula Lagoon is dominated by two factors: the water level in the Gulf of Gdańsk and the wind over the lagoon. The average annual marine water inflow into the Vistula Lagoon was estimated to be equal to 15.87 km3. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Analysis of Hydrodynamics, Water Quality and Ice Phenomena for Lagoons and Shallow Bays)
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23 pages, 13283 KiB  
Article
Assessing the Impact of Chemical Loads from Agriculture Holdings on the Puck Bay Environment with the High-Resolution Ecosystem Model of the Puck Bay, Southern Baltic Sea
by Dawid Dybowski, Maciej Janecki, Artur Nowicki and Lidia Anita Dzierzbicka-Glowacka
Water 2020, 12(7), 2068; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12072068 - 21 Jul 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2075
Abstract
This paper describes the ecohydrodynamic predictive model EcoPuckBay—the ecosystem part—for assessing the state of the Puck Bay coastal environment and its ecosystem. We coupled the EcoPuckBay model with the land water flow models (Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for surface water and [...] Read more.
This paper describes the ecohydrodynamic predictive model EcoPuckBay—the ecosystem part—for assessing the state of the Puck Bay coastal environment and its ecosystem. We coupled the EcoPuckBay model with the land water flow models (Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for surface water and Modflow for groundwater). To evaluate the quality of the results obtained from the EcoPuckBay model, a set of basic statistical measures for dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a, nitrates, and phosphates were calculated, such as mean, Pearson correlation coefficient (r), root-mean-square-error (RMSE), and standard deviation (STD). The analysis presented in this paper shows that the EcoPuckBay model produces reliable results. In addition, we developed a nutrient spread module to show the impact of agricultural activity on the waters of the Puck Bay. The EcoPuckBay model is also available in operational mode where users can access 60-h forecasts via the website of the WaterPUCK Project through the “Products” tab. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Analysis of Hydrodynamics, Water Quality and Ice Phenomena for Lagoons and Shallow Bays)
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16 pages, 9111 KiB  
Article
Mathematical Modeling of Ice Thrusting on the Shore of the Vistula Lagoon (Baltic Sea) and the Proposed Artificial Island
by Tomasz Kolerski, Piotr Zima and Michał Szydłowski
Water 2019, 11(11), 2297; https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112297 - 02 Nov 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3754
Abstract
Coastal lagoons are inland and shallow water bodies, separated from the ocean by a barrier. In cold regions, ice phenomena in shallow water coastal lagoons occur every winter season. Ice is predominantly formed on the surface due to density stratification and surface cooling. [...] Read more.
Coastal lagoons are inland and shallow water bodies, separated from the ocean by a barrier. In cold regions, ice phenomena in shallow water coastal lagoons occur every winter season. Ice is predominantly formed on the surface due to density stratification and surface cooling. The ice dynamics in such areas are dominantly affected by winds. Water dynamics also cause ice movement, but due to the large areal scale of lagoons, the effect is usually limited to the direct vicinity of river estuaries. For open lagoons, which are connected to the sea by straits, tides will also cause significant movement of the ice inside the lagoon. Due to the limitation of ice outflow from a lagoon, ice fields will form ridges or hummocks on the shores. In this paper, the case of the Vistula Lagoon, located on the southern Baltic coast, is analyzed. Currently, the project of a new strait connecting the Baltic Sea with the Vistula Lagoon is in progress. As an effect of extensive dredging for the waterway to the port of Elblag, the material will be disposed of at a Confined Disposal Facility (CDF), which will form an artificial island. The island will be located on the western part of the lagoon, limiting the cross-section by about 20%. In consequence, ice cover pushed by winds blowing along the lagoon will create significant force action on the island banks. The DynaRICE mathematical model has been used to evaluate the ice dynamics and to determine the force produced by the ice on the coasts of the lagoon and the artificial island. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Analysis of Hydrodynamics, Water Quality and Ice Phenomena for Lagoons and Shallow Bays)
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39 pages, 38440 KiB  
Article
High-Resolution Ecosystem Model of the Puck Bay (Southern Baltic Sea)—Hydrodynamic Component Evaluation
by Dawid Dybowski, Jaromir Jakacki, Maciej Janecki, Artur Nowicki, Daniel Rak and Lidia Dzierzbicka-Glowacka
Water 2019, 11(10), 2057; https://doi.org/10.3390/w11102057 - 01 Oct 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3025
Abstract
In recent years, thanks to the enormous computational power of modern supercomputers, modeling has become one of the most highly evolving scientific fields. It is now possible to describe relatively large physical bodies and to study the changes occurring in these bodies with [...] Read more.
In recent years, thanks to the enormous computational power of modern supercomputers, modeling has become one of the most highly evolving scientific fields. It is now possible to describe relatively large physical bodies and to study the changes occurring in these bodies with resolution never attainable before. The paper describes the initial implementation of the EcoPuckBay model system and presents the results of the model simulations compared to observations from monitoring stations and other model reanalyses. High correlation between model results and observations has been confirmed both in terms of spatial and temporal approach. Data acquired via simulations of the EcoPuckBay model was deployed in the project archive database. The dedicated service was created, allowing the user to visualize all produced hydrodynamic parameters as raster maps, time series, and/or cross-sections. This functionality is available online via the official WaterPUCK project website in the services web section. In the next stage of the project, this service will be upgraded to an operational state and forecasts will be added. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Analysis of Hydrodynamics, Water Quality and Ice Phenomena for Lagoons and Shallow Bays)
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18 pages, 9583 KiB  
Article
Impact of the Artificial Strait in the Vistula Spit on the Hydrodynamics of the Vistula Lagoon (Baltic Sea)
by Michał Szydłowski, Tomasz Kolerski and Piotr Zima
Water 2019, 11(5), 990; https://doi.org/10.3390/w11050990 - 10 May 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3714
Abstract
In the Vistula Lagoon, storm surges are induced by variable sea levels in the Gulf of Gdańsk and wind action. The rising of the water level in the southern part of the basin, exceeding 1.0 m above mean sea level, can be dangerous [...] Read more.
In the Vistula Lagoon, storm surges are induced by variable sea levels in the Gulf of Gdańsk and wind action. The rising of the water level in the southern part of the basin, exceeding 1.0 m above mean sea level, can be dangerous for the lowland area of Żuławy Elbląskie, causing the inundation of the polders adjacent to the lagoon. One of the potential possibilities to limit the flood risk is to decrease the water level in the lagoon during strong storm surges by opening an artificial canal to join the lagoon with the Gulf of Gdańsk. The decision to build a new strait in the Vistula Spit was made in 2017. In order to analyze the impact of the artificial connection between the sea and the lagoon during periods of high water stages in the southern part the lagoon, mathematical modelling of the hydrodynamics of the Vistula Lagoon is required. This paper presents the shallow water equations (SWEs) model adapted to simulate storm surges driven by the wind and sea tides, and the numerical results obtained for the present (without the new strait) and future (with the new strait) configuration of the Vistula Lagoon. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Analysis of Hydrodynamics, Water Quality and Ice Phenomena for Lagoons and Shallow Bays)
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