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Enhancing Resilience to Climate Change by Mitigating Extreme Wave-Induced Hazards...
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Enhancing Resilience to Climate Change by Mitigating Extreme Wave-Induced Hazards on Sea Defences

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water and Climate Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 7995

Special Issue Editors

Dr. John O'Sullivan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
Interests: coastal engineering; water resource management; hydraulics and hydrodynamics; physical and numerical modelling; flood resilience; water quality
Dr. M. Salauddin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
Interests: coastal engineering; climate resilience; nature-based sea defences; storm surge and wave impacts on coastal protections; physical and numerical modelling; extreme wave overtopping hazards; scouring; hydraulic stability of breakwaters; coastal retrofitting; coastal erosion; sediment transport; flood resilience

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the increasing threat of sea level rise and more frequent storm surges from global climate change, pressures from coastal flooding on critical coastal defences and the properties they protect are expected to become more acute. While hard engineered coastal protections such as seawalls provide essential protections, the longer-term sustainability of these defence lines is increasingly being questioned due to their environmental and ecological impacts in nearshore areas as well as their static nature in responding extreme meteorological events. The need for research that provides an evidence base to encourage the wider adoption of ecological interventions in existing and new coastal defences is increasingly being recognised.

This Special Issue will present state-of-the-art research that focusses on addressing wave hazards on sea defences (including but not limited to seawalls, dykes and breakwaters). Particular consideration will be given to studies that integrate ecological interventions with existing sea defences to provide coastal protection, but which also serve to enhance biodiversity in the nearshore areas. Original research articles that address the hydraulic performance of hard engineered sea defences, nature-based solutions and hybrid coastal protection approaches in mitigating extreme wave hazards in coastal areas are therefore encouraged. State-of-the-art review articles are also invited.

Dr. John O'Sullivan
Dr. M. Salauddin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wave overtopping
  • wave run-up
  • wave impact pressure
  • engineered sea defences
  • physical and numerical modelling
  • eco-retrofitting solutions
  • climate resilience
  • coastal flooding
  • nature-based solutions
  • flood resilience

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 9892 KiB  
Article
Statistical Analysis of the Wave Runup at Walls in a Changing Climate by Means of Image Clustering
by Sara Mizar Formentin and Barbara Zanuttigh
Water 2023, 15(15), 2729; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152729 - 28 Jul 2023
Viewed by 649
Abstract
This contribution builds on an existing methodology of image clustering analysis, conceived for modelling the wave overtopping at dikes from video records of laboratory experiments. It presents new procedures and algorithms developed to extend this methodology to the representation of the wave runup [...] Read more.
This contribution builds on an existing methodology of image clustering analysis, conceived for modelling the wave overtopping at dikes from video records of laboratory experiments. It presents new procedures and algorithms developed to extend this methodology to the representation of the wave runup at crown walls on top of smooth berms. The upgraded methodology overcomes the perspective distortion of the native images and deals with the unsteady, turbulent and bi-phase flow dynamics characterizing the wave impacts at the walls. It accurately reconstructs the free surface along the whole structure profile and allows for a statistical analysis of the wave runup in the time and spatial domain. The effects of different structural configurations are investigated to provide key information for the design of coastal defences. In particular, the effects of increased sea levels in climate change scenarios are analysed. Innovative results, such as profiling of the envelopes of the runup along the wall cross and front sections, and the evidencing of 3D effects on the runup are presented. The extreme runup is estimated for the definition of the design conditions, while the envelopes of the average and minimum runup heights are calculated to assess the normal exercise conditions of existing structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhancing Resilience to Climate Change by Mitigating Extreme Wave-Induced Hazards on Sea Defences)
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16 pages, 5307 KiB  
Article
Experimental Investigation of Coastal Flooding Hydrodynamics Using a Hybrid Defense System
by Abbas Yeganeh-Bakhtiary, Mohammadreza Kolahian and Hossein Eyvazoghli
Water 2023, 15(14), 2632; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15142632 - 20 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1054
Abstract
Recent studies indicated that coastal green belts could not provide proper protection from extreme coastal flooding. Recent studies recommend employing a compound defense system of natural and artificial structures for extreme hazards. In this study, we introduce a new compound defense system consisting [...] Read more.
Recent studies indicated that coastal green belts could not provide proper protection from extreme coastal flooding. Recent studies recommend employing a compound defense system of natural and artificial structures for extreme hazards. In this study, we introduce a new compound defense system consisting of coastal mangrove trees combined with reef ball modular structures. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate drag force reduction through the hybrid defense system. The hybrid defense system was subjected to a surge-type flow generated by a quickly lifting gate in a laboratory water tank. Within the experimental framework, the hydrodynamics of coastal flooding were described by the characteristics of the surge bore and the absorbed drag force. The obtained results show that the hybrid system effectively enhanced the absorbed bore drag forces and significantly improved the flow-damping performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhancing Resilience to Climate Change by Mitigating Extreme Wave-Induced Hazards on Sea Defences)
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22 pages, 5829 KiB  
Article
Wave Overtopping and Flooding Costs in the Pre-Design of Longitudinal Revetments
by Márcia Lima, Carlos Coelho and Filipa Jesus
Water 2023, 15(7), 1434; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15071434 - 06 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1811
Abstract
Wave overtopping, mainly caused by growing coastal erosion processes, directly affects populations, causing coastal flooding and potential damages. This work aims to develop the relationship between overtopping phenomena and their impact costs through an approach that considers wave runup, corresponding overtopping events, their [...] Read more.
Wave overtopping, mainly caused by growing coastal erosion processes, directly affects populations, causing coastal flooding and potential damages. This work aims to develop the relationship between overtopping phenomena and their impact costs through an approach that considers wave runup, corresponding overtopping events, their flow volume and related flooding costs. Herewith, it is possible to evaluate the relationship between the structure construction and maintenance costs and the consequent costs due to overtopping and flooding damages, leading to the design of optimised coastal structures solutions. To apply the proposed approach, a real case study on the Portuguese northwest coast (Ovar municipality) was analysed, evaluating overtopping and flooding data recorded by the Portuguese Environment Agency (APA), allowing costs per unit flooded volume to be estimated. Then, future scenarios were predicted to assess the influence of climate change, discuss intervention scenarios and evaluate the uncertainty of economic parameters’ evolution. The proposed methodological approach represents a step forward in the estimative of coastal overtopping and flooding impacts, leading to increasing the knowledge about flooding and overtopping costs and optimised mitigation measures in artificialised coastal areas, where coastal defence works (longitudinal revetments) are present. This approach fills a gap in knowledge regarding this type of forecast in a medium- to long-term perspective. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhancing Resilience to Climate Change by Mitigating Extreme Wave-Induced Hazards on Sea Defences)
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16 pages, 7972 KiB  
Article
Wave Impact Loads on Vertical Seawalls: Effects of the Geometrical Properties of Recurve Retrofitting
by Shudi Dong, Md Salauddin, Soroush Abolfathi and Jonathan Pearson
Water 2021, 13(20), 2849; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13202849 - 13 Oct 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2894
Abstract
This study investigates the variation of wave impact loads with the geometrical configurations of recurve retrofits mounted on the crest of a vertical seawall. Physical model tests were undertaken in a wave flume at the University of Warwick to investigate the effects of [...] Read more.
This study investigates the variation of wave impact loads with the geometrical configurations of recurve retrofits mounted on the crest of a vertical seawall. Physical model tests were undertaken in a wave flume at the University of Warwick to investigate the effects of the geometrical properties of recurve on the pressure distribution, overall force, and overturning moment at the seawall, subject to both impulsive and non-impulsive waves. Additionally, the wave impact and quasi-static loads on the recurve portion of the retrofitted seawalls are investigated to understand the role of retrofitting on the structural integrity of the vertical seawall. Detailed analysis of laboratory measurements is conducted to understand the effects of overhang length and height of the recurve wall on the wave loading. It is found that the increase in both recurve height and overhang length lead to the increase of horizontal impact force at an average ratio of 1.15 and 1.1 times larger the reference case of a plain vertical wall for the tested configurations. The results also show that the geometrical shape changes in recurve retrofits, increasing the overturning moment enacted by the wave impact force. A relatively significant increase in wave loading (both impact and quasi-static loads) are observed for the higher recurve retrofits, while changes in the overturning moment are limited for the retrofits with longer overhang length. The data generated from the physical modelling measurements presented in this study will be particularly helpful for a range of relevant stakeholders, including coastal engineers, infrastructure designers, and the local authorities in coastal regions. The results of this study can also enable scientists to design and develop robust decision support tools to evaluate the performance of vertical seawalls with recurve retrofitting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhancing Resilience to Climate Change by Mitigating Extreme Wave-Induced Hazards on Sea Defences)
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