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Water
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Advances in Coastal and Ocean Engineering
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Advances in Coastal and Ocean Engineering

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Oceans and Coastal Zones".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 18326

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Amir Etemad Shahidi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering and Built Environment, and Griffith Centre for Coastal Management, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
Interests: coastal structures; marine renewable energy; hydroinformatics; environmental fluid dynamics

Special Issue Information

It is well known that the interface between land and sea as well as open oceans is a dynamic natural environment. Hence, specified insight and knowledge are required for the planning and design of these invaluable productive areas in the world, which offer a wide range of services, such as serving as the most populated settlement areas and important economic zones. This is vital for SDGs such as sustainable cities and communities, climate action, and life below water.

This Special Issue deals with emerging approaches, challenges, and opportunities related to coastal and ocean engineering. It covers numerical modeling, measurements (laboratory, in situ, and remote sensing), and theoretical studies. We especially encourage the submission of papers related to the recently developed topics in the field such as nature-based solutions, affordable coastal protection, new soft computing approaches, new technologies (such as LiDAR), as well as review papers and climate change. Emphasis is on extreme events, the ones associated with higher levels of damage and, therefore, risks for coastal and ocean structures and ecosystems.

Dr. Amir Etemad Shahidi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Waves
  • Sediment transport
  • Offshore structures
  • Coastal structures
  • Machine learning
  • Marine renewable energy
  • Hydrodynamics
  • Nature-based solutions
  • Climate change adaptation
  • Coastal cities

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 12534 KiB  
Article
On the Evolution of Different Types of Green Water Events—Part II: Applicability of a Convolution Approach
by Jassiel V. H. Fontes, Edgar Mendoza, Rodolfo Silva, Irving D. Hernández, Marcos A. González-Olvera and Lizeth Torres
Water 2022, 14(4), 510; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14040510 - 9 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1545
Abstract
Recent research related to the evolution of different types of green water events, generated in wave flume experiments, has shown that some events, such as plunging-dam-break (PDB) and hammer-fist (HF) types, can present multiple-valued water surface elevations during formation at the bow of [...] Read more.
Recent research related to the evolution of different types of green water events, generated in wave flume experiments, has shown that some events, such as plunging-dam-break (PDB) and hammer-fist (HF) types, can present multiple-valued water surface elevations during formation at the bow of the structure. However, the applicability of analytical models to capture the evolution (i.e., the spatio-temporal variation of water elevations) of these events has not been tested thoroughly. This could be useful when estimating green water loads in the preliminary design stage of marine structures. The present work extends the research by Fontes et al. (On the evolution of different types of green water events, Water, 13, 1148, 2021) to examine the applicability of an analytical convolution approach to represent the variation in time of single-valued water elevations of different types of green water events generated by incident wave trains, particularly PDB and HF types. Detailed experimental measurements using high-speed video in wave flume experiments were used to verify the applicability of the model for single and consecutive green water events of type PDB and HF. The present work is a tentative attempt to compare an analytical approach for HF evolution. Results were also compared with the classic analytical dam-break approach. It was found that the convolution model allows the variation of water elevations in time to be captured better in comparison with the dam-break approach. The convolution model described the trend of water elevations well, particularly at the bow of the structure. The model captured the peak times well in single and consecutive events with multiple-valued water surfaces. Results suggest that this conservative and simplified approach could be a useful engineering tool, if improved and extended, to include the evolution of green water events in time domain simulations. This could be useful in the design stages of marine structures subject to green water events. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Coastal and Ocean Engineering)
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19 pages, 5453 KiB  
Article
A CFD Numerical Study to Evaluate the Effect of Deck Roughness and Length on Shipping Water Loading
by Paola E. Rodríguez-Ocampo, Jassiel V. H. Fontes, Michael Ring, Edgar Mendoza and Rodolfo Silva
Water 2021, 13(15), 2063; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13152063 - 29 Jul 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2046
Abstract
Shipping water events that propagate over the decks of marine structures can generate significant loads on them. As the configuration of the structure may affect the loading behaviour, investigation of shipping water loads in different structural conditions is required. This paper presents a [...] Read more.
Shipping water events that propagate over the decks of marine structures can generate significant loads on them. As the configuration of the structure may affect the loading behaviour, investigation of shipping water loads in different structural conditions is required. This paper presents a numerical investigation of the effect of deck roughness and deck length on vertical and horizontal loads caused by shipping water on a fixed structure. Systematic analyses were carried out of isolated shipping water events generated with the wet dam-break method and simulated with OpenFoam Computational Fluid Dynamics toolbox. The numerical approach was validated and then the shipping water loads were examined. It was found that, as roughness increased, the maximum vertical and horizontal loads showed a delay. As the deck length reduced, the vertical backflow loads tended to increase. These results suggest it may be worthwhile examining the behaviour of shipping water as it propagates over rough surfaces caused by fouling, corrosion, or those with small structural elements distributed on them. Moreover, the effect of deck length is important in understanding the order of magnitude of loads on structures with variable deck lengths, and those which have forward and backflow loading stages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Coastal and Ocean Engineering)
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22 pages, 9841 KiB  
Article
Nature-Based Coastal Protection by Large Woody Debris as Compared to Seawalls: A Physical Model Study of Beach Morphology and Wave Reflection
by Pauline Falkenrich, Jessica Wilson, Ioan Nistor, Nils Goseberg, Andrew Cornett and Abdolmajid Mohammadian
Water 2021, 13(15), 2020; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13152020 - 23 Jul 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3388
Abstract
Anchored Large Woody Debris (LWD) is increasingly being used as one of several nature-based coastal protection strategies along the north-western coasts of Canada and the US. As an alternative to conventional hard armoring (e.g., seawalls), its usage is widely considered to be less [...] Read more.
Anchored Large Woody Debris (LWD) is increasingly being used as one of several nature-based coastal protection strategies along the north-western coasts of Canada and the US. As an alternative to conventional hard armoring (e.g., seawalls), its usage is widely considered to be less harmful to the coastal ecosystem while maintaining the ability to protect the beaches against wave attack and erosion. The effects of seawalls on beaches have been extensively studied; however, the performance and efficacy of LWD and its potential as a suitable alternative to seawalls (and other shoreline protection structures) are still understudied in current research. This paper presents and compares the effects of a conventional vertical seawall with two different LWD structures on beach morphology and wave reflection through large-scale physical modeling in a wave flume at a 1:5 scale. An assessment of techniques used to measure beach morphology and an assessment of model effects were included in the study. It was found that the wave reflection could be reduced by using a single log instead of a wall structure, while changes in the beach morphology response largely depended on the type of the LWD structure. A stacked log wall showed near-identical behavior as a conventional seawall. Visible model effects from the experiments, including the effect of the flume sidewalls on the beach morphology, were quantified and analyzed to inform future research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Coastal and Ocean Engineering)
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21 pages, 12445 KiB  
Article
On the Evolution of Different Types of Green Water Events
by Jassiel V. H. Fontes, Irving D. Hernández, Edgar Mendoza, Rodolfo Silva, Eliana Brandão da Silva, Matheus Rocha de Sousa, José Gonzaga, Raíssa S. F. Kamezaki, Lizeth Torres and Paulo T. T. Esperança
Water 2021, 13(9), 1148; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13091148 - 22 Apr 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2450
Abstract
Green water events may present different features in the initial stage of interaction with the deck of a structure. It is therefore important to investigate the evolution of different types of green water, since not all the events interact with the deck at [...] Read more.
Green water events may present different features in the initial stage of interaction with the deck of a structure. It is therefore important to investigate the evolution of different types of green water, since not all the events interact with the deck at the same time. In this paper, the evolution of three types of green water events (dam-break, plunging-dam-break, and hammer-fist) are studied. The water surface elevations and volumes over the deck in consecutive green water events, generated by incident [wave trains in a wave flume, were analyzed using image-based methods. The results show multiple-valued water surface elevations in the early stage of plunging-dam-break and hammer-fist type events. Detailed experimental measurements of this stage are shown for the first time. The effect of wave steepness on the duration of the events, maximum freeboard exceedance, and volumes were also investigated. Although the hammer-fist type showed high freeboard exceedances, the plunging-dam-break type presented the largest volumes over the deck. Some challenges for further assessments of green water propagation are reported. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Coastal and Ocean Engineering)
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24 pages, 11842 KiB  
Article
Thirty-Nine-Year Wave Hindcast, Storm Activity, and Probability Analysis of Storm Waves in the Kara Sea, Russia
by Stanislav Myslenkov, Vladimir Platonov, Alexander Kislov, Ksenia Silvestrova and Igor Medvedev
Water 2021, 13(5), 648; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13050648 - 28 Feb 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2822
Abstract
The recurrence of extreme wind waves in the Kara Sea strongly influences the Arctic climate change. The period 2000–2010 is characterized by significant climate warming, a reduction of the sea ice in the Arctic. The main motivation of this research to assess the [...] Read more.
The recurrence of extreme wind waves in the Kara Sea strongly influences the Arctic climate change. The period 2000–2010 is characterized by significant climate warming, a reduction of the sea ice in the Arctic. The main motivation of this research to assess the impact of climate change on storm activity over the past 39 years in the Kara Sea. The paper presents the analysis of wave climate and storm activity in the Kara Sea based on the results of numerical modeling. A wave model WAVEWATCH III is used to reconstruct wind wave fields for the period from 1979 to 2017. The maximum significant wave height (SWH) for the whole period amounts to 9.9 m. The average long-term SWH for the ice-free period does not exceed 1.3 m. A significant linear trend shows an increase in the storm wave frequency for the period from 1979 to 2017. It is shown that trends in the storm activity of the Kara Sea are primarily regulated by the ice. Analysis of the extreme storm events showed that the Pareto distribution is in the best agreement with the data. However, the extreme events with an SWH more than 6‒7 m deviate from the Pareto distribution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Coastal and Ocean Engineering)
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23 pages, 7499 KiB  
Article
Wave Run-Up on Mortar-Grouted Riprap Revetments
by Moritz Kreyenschulte, David Schürenkamp, Benedikt Bratz, Holger Schüttrumpf and Nils Goseberg
Water 2020, 12(12), 3396; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123396 - 2 Dec 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5005
Abstract
The wave run-up height is a crucial design parameter that determines the crest height of a sea dike and is used for estimating the number of overtopping waves. Therefore, a reduction of the wave run-up height is generally aspired in the design of [...] Read more.
The wave run-up height is a crucial design parameter that determines the crest height of a sea dike and is used for estimating the number of overtopping waves. Therefore, a reduction of the wave run-up height is generally aspired in the design of dikes, which can be achieved by mortar-grouted riprap revetments (MGRR). Although MGRRs are widely utilized revetments along the German North Sea coast, no investigations into the wave run-up height on this revetment type are available to date. Full-scale hydraulic model tests were hence conducted to investigate wave run-up heights on partially grouted and fully grouted MGRRs. The wave run-up was determined using 2D-LIDAR measurements, which were validated by video data. Partially grouted MGRRs, due to their roughness, porosity, and permeability, reduce wave run-up heights from 21% to 28%, and fully grouted MGRRs due to their roughness reduce wave run-up heights from 12% to 14% compared to smooth impermeable revetments. Influence factors have been determined for four widely used revetment configurations, which can now be used for design purposes. A comparison and subsequent discussion about the representation of the physics of wave run-up by different parameters is carried out with the results presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Coastal and Ocean Engineering)
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