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Advanced Optimization of Wastewater Treatment Processes
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Advanced Optimization of Wastewater Treatment Processes

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 8902

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jacek Mąkinia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
Interests: wastewater treatment; nutrient removal and recovery; carbon footprint; Anammox; mathematical modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Jun Zhai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Water Science and Engineering, School of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
Interests: industrial wastewater treatment; water pollution control; constructed wetlands; drainage pipe network security

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are key facilities for protecting public health and the environment. For a long time, the operation of WWTPs has been focused on pollutant removal from wastewater in order to meet water quality standards. The sustainable development goals, including a circular economy concept in WWTPs, have recently driven a paradigm shift from wastewater treatment towards resource recovery, including especially energy and nutrients. As a consequence, new objectives have been set to move towards sustainability in WWTPs.

Selection of the optimal operational and design conditions in the WWTPs with respect to GHG emission, energy consumption, and effluent quality becomes a complex multivariable optimization problem, which can be solved by different mathematical techniques and experimental studies. The most common, model-based optimization includes scenario evaluation of alternative operational strategies and physical modifications to plant configuration. With this approach, the development of appropriate performance and cost models becomes the key issue for process optimization and decision making in WWTPs.

This Special Issue on “Advanced Optimization of Wastewater Treatment Processes” seeks high-quality, novel works that focus on the latest advances in the development and application of simulation models, operational strategies, process modifications, and novel technologies aiming at process optimization in WWTPs.

Prof. Dr. Jacek Mąkinia
Prof. Dr. Jun Zhai
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • optimization methods
  • operational strategies
  • process modifications
  • decision making
  • mathematical modeling
  • simulation
  • resource recovery
  • energy considerations
  • nutrient removal
  • sludge treatment and disposal

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2830 KiB  
Article
Comparison of the Efficiency of Deammonification under Different DO Concentrations in a Laboratory-Scale Sequencing Batch Reactor
by Hussein Ezzi Al-Hazmi, Zhixuan Yin, Dominika Grubba, Joanna Barbara Majtacz and Jacek Mąkinia
Water 2022, 14(3), 368; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14030368 - 26 Jan 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2712
Abstract
The efficiency of deammonification depends on the cooperation of ammonium oxidizing bacteria and archaea (AOB/AOA), anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) and the effective suppression of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) that compete with AnAOB for nitrite (NO2-N). One of the effective NOB [...] Read more.
The efficiency of deammonification depends on the cooperation of ammonium oxidizing bacteria and archaea (AOB/AOA), anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) and the effective suppression of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) that compete with AnAOB for nitrite (NO2-N). One of the effective NOB suppression strategies is intermittent aeration. However, it is important to have a good understanding of the optimum dissolved oxygen (DO) value in the aeration period and optimize the non-aeration time used during the reaction phase. This study comprised the investigation of the effect of different DO set points (0.4, 0.7, 1.0 and 1.5 mg O2/L) under the same aeration length off/on (12/3 min). Moreover, three different intermittent aeration modes (9/3, 6/3, 3/3) under the same DO set point (0.7 mg O2/L) were more investigated. The experiment was conducted for 6 months (180 days) in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with a working volume of 10 L. The results indicated that a high N removal efficiency was achieved 74% at the DO set point = 0.7 mg O2/L during aeration strategy off/on (6/3 min) due to the low nitrate production rate (NPR) 0.9 mg N/g VSS/h and high ammonium utilization rate (AUR) 13 mg N/g VSS/h (NPR/AUR = 0.06). Mathematical modeling results confirmed that the feasible DO set point 0.7 and intermittent aeration mode off/on (6/3 min) were especially suitable for the optimal balance between the NOB suppression and keeping high activities of AOB and anammox in the system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optimization of Wastewater Treatment Processes)
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15 pages, 5157 KiB  
Article
Elevation Dependence of the Impact of Global Warming on Rainfall Variations in a Tropical Island
by Mirindra Finaritra Rabezanahary Tanteliniaina, Jia Chen, Tanveer M. Adyel and Jun Zhai
Water 2020, 12(12), 3582; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123582 - 21 Dec 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3302
Abstract
Due to their vulnerability, understanding the impacts of global warming on rainfall is important for a tropical country and islands. This research aimed to assess the impact of global warming on rainfall in Madagascar, using the Mann-Kendall test, continuous wavelet transform, and polynomial [...] Read more.
Due to their vulnerability, understanding the impacts of global warming on rainfall is important for a tropical country and islands. This research aimed to assess the impact of global warming on rainfall in Madagascar, using the Mann-Kendall test, continuous wavelet transform, and polynomial regression. The result showed that the annual, seasonal maximum, and minimum temperature increased, while elevation amplified the increase of maximum temperature. Different trends in rainfall were found in the 22 regions of Madagascar but in general, the increasing trend in rainfall was prominent at a higher elevation than lower elevation. The annual rainfall decreased up to −5 mm per year for the regions located below 450 m of altitude while increased up to +5 mm per year above 500 m. We found that the wet becomes wetter with an important increase in rainfall in summer and the increase in temperature influenced the rainfall. The annual rainfall increased with temperature and elevation. However, if the increase in temperature was more than 0.03 °C per year, the annual rainfall increased regardless of elevation. The knowledge of the elevation dependence of the impact of warming on rainfall is important for water resources management and climate change adaptation strategies, especially for island nations and African countries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optimization of Wastewater Treatment Processes)
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14 pages, 5156 KiB  
Article
Perforated Baffles for the Optimization of Disinfection Treatment
by Paolo Bruno, Gaetano Di Bella and Mauro De Marchis
Water 2020, 12(12), 3462; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123462 - 09 Dec 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2223
Abstract
Water disinfection is one of the main treatments aimed at maintaining human health. Traditionally, the treatment takes place inside multichamber tanks that facilitate the contact between disinfectant and pathogenic microorganisms to be removed. However, the traditional contact tanks used for disinfection have geometric [...] Read more.
Water disinfection is one of the main treatments aimed at maintaining human health. Traditionally, the treatment takes place inside multichamber tanks that facilitate the contact between disinfectant and pathogenic microorganisms to be removed. However, the traditional contact tanks used for disinfection have geometric characteristics causing the formation of dead or recirculation zones that reduce treatment efficiency with potentially harmful effects on human health. This study proposes the creation of holes in the baffles that divide the various chambers in order to increase the mixing inside the reactor. In particular, various configurations with holes of different sizes were considered. The results obtained through fluid dynamics simulations based on the LES (large eddy simulation) model show that the jet emerging from the holes penetrates the recirculation zones, transforming them into areas of active mixing. The analysis of the hydraulic mixing indices traditionally used to evaluate the performance of these tanks shows that the presence of the holes allows a significant increase in the mixing efficiency by reducing the short-circuit phenomena and the entrapment of the disinfectant inside the dead zones. Parameters of fundamental importance are the size of the holes, the arrangement of the holes within the baffles and the perforation percentage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optimization of Wastewater Treatment Processes)
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