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Water
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Urban Drainage Systems in Smart Cities
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Urban Drainage Systems in Smart Cities

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Urban Water Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2021) | Viewed by 11890

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Anatoli Vassiljev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, School of Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, 12616 Tallinn, Estonia
Interests: modeling hydrological processes in rivers and cities; modeling water distribution systems
Prof. Ivar Annus

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, School of Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, 12616 Tallinn, Estonia
Interests: modelling and risk analysis of urban water systems; unsteady flow in pipes; decentralized model predictive control; flood risk reduction in urban areas

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Rapid urban development and changing climate are bringing along more frequent rainfall events, placing the existing urban drainage systems (UDS) under greater stress. One of the effects of this trend on urban areas is the increase of stormwater peak intentsities during rain events. As a result, intense runoff that exceeds the design flow rate causes pluvial floods. Cities have traditionally responded to the increased demands on UDS by expanding and constructing new infratstructure. However, rebuilding all the storm water collectors is not financially nor hydraulically realistic.

Rapid development of ICT solutions with the smart city concept has opened up new possibilities to increase UDS resilience without major investments. Implementation of smart sensing, real time control, and predictive measures enable cities and water utilities to improve urban stormwater runoff control and reduce risk of floods and pollution.

The Special Issue will consider papers on the following topics:

  • Digitalization of the urban runoff control
  • Real-time modeling and control of UDS
  • Novel sensors and ICT solutions for real time monitoring of urban drainage systems
  • Centralized and decentralized model predictive control methods for UDS
  • Development of new control, calibration, and optimization funtions for EPA SWMM5

Dr. Anatoli Vassiljev
Prof. Ivar Annus
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • smart urban drainage systems
  • SWMM5
  • calibration
  • toolkit for SWMM5 real-time control
  • model predictive control

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 3747 KiB  
Article
Integrated Decision Support System for Pluvial Flood-Resilient Spatial Planning in Urban Areas
by Murel Truu, Ivar Annus, Janet Roosimägi, Nils Kändler, Anatoli Vassiljev and Katrin Kaur
Water 2021, 13(23), 3340; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13233340 - 25 Nov 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2986
Abstract
Flood-resilient spatial planning in urban areas involves designing and implementing structural and nonstructural measures. For the latter, urban planners apply a precautionary principle, which is normally not grounded in the actual performance of the urban drainage system (UDS). This approach, however, fails during [...] Read more.
Flood-resilient spatial planning in urban areas involves designing and implementing structural and nonstructural measures. For the latter, urban planners apply a precautionary principle, which is normally not grounded in the actual performance of the urban drainage system (UDS). This approach, however, fails during weather extremes with heavy precipitation. This paper presents a new concept for reducing pluvial flood risks in the urban planning process. The novelty of the developed planning support system named Extreme Weather Layer (EWL) is that it creates dynamic interlinkages between land developments, the performance of UDS, and other factors that contribute to flood risk. The EWL is built on the digital twin of the existing UDS and delivers an easy-to-use concept, where the end user can analyze hydraulic modelling results interlinked with climate scenarios using the GIS platform. This allows planning specialists to consider land use and soil types in the urban environment to simulate the response of the storm water system and the catchments to different rainfall events. This proposed approach was piloted in Haapsalu (Estonia) and Söderhamn (Sweden). The resulting planning support system, which performs as a set of layers within municipalities’ GIS, allows decision makers to understand and predict the impact of various spatial planning decisions on the pluvial flood risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Drainage Systems in Smart Cities)
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15 pages, 5638 KiB  
Article
Method for Operating Drainage Pump Stations Considering Downstream Water Level and Reduction in Urban River Flooding
by Yeon-Moon Choo, Jong-Gu Kim, Shang-Ho Park, Tai-Ho Choo and Yeon-Woong Choe
Water 2021, 13(19), 2741; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192741 - 02 Oct 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3097
Abstract
Korea experiences increasing annual torrential rains owing to climate change and river flooding. The government is expanding a new drainage pump station to minimize flood damage, but the river level has not been adjusted because of torrential rains. Therefore, the river level must [...] Read more.
Korea experiences increasing annual torrential rains owing to climate change and river flooding. The government is expanding a new drainage pump station to minimize flood damage, but the river level has not been adjusted because of torrential rains. Therefore, the river level must be adjusted to operate the drainage pump station, and it can be adjusted through the reservoir of the drainage pump station. In this study, we developed a method for operating drainage pump stations to control the river level and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. A stormwater management model (SWMM) was used to simulate the Suyeong River and Oncheon River in Busan, Korea. The rainfall data from 2011 to 2021 were investigated. The data were sorted into ten big floods that occurred in Busan. The model was calibrated with actual rainfall data. The water level of the Suyeong River and the Oncheon River was the highest in most simulations. The simulation results showed an average decrease of 3018.2 m3 in Suyeong River flooding, and the Oncheon River needed to be supplemented due to structural problems. As a result of the recombination by simply supplementing the structural problems of the Oncheon River, the average flooding of 194.5 m3 was reduced. The proposed method is economical and efficient for reducing urban stream flooding in areas susceptible to severe damage caused by climate change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Drainage Systems in Smart Cities)
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13 pages, 2843 KiB  
Article
Automatic Calibration Module for an Urban Drainage System Model
by Ivar Annus, Anatoli Vassiljev, Nils Kändler and Katrin Kaur
Water 2021, 13(10), 1419; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13101419 - 19 May 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3743
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to present an automated module for the calibration of urban drainage system models. A prepared tool based on the Open Water Analytics toolkit included 12 additional calibration parameters as compared to the existing similar solutions. The module [...] Read more.
The purpose of the study was to present an automated module for the calibration of urban drainage system models. A prepared tool based on the Open Water Analytics toolkit included 12 additional calibration parameters as compared to the existing similar solutions. The module included a gradient optimization method that allowed adjustment of up to five parameters simultaneously, and a trial-and-error method that provided the possibility of testing one or two parameters. The user interface was built in MS Excel to simplify use of the developed tool. The user can select preferable parameters for calibration, choose the optimization method, and determine the limits for the calculated values. The performance and functionality of the automatic calibration module was tested in two scenarios using the drainage model of a 10 ha heavily developed area in Tallinn, Estonia. The calibration results revealed that the maximum deviation between the modelled and measured flow rates was less than 5% for both cases. This is a reasonably good fit for drainage models, which typically encounter numerous uncertainties. Therefore, it was concluded that the module can be successfully used for calibrating hydraulic models created in SWMM5. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Drainage Systems in Smart Cities)
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