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Water
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Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical Processes of Deep Underground Reservoirs
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Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical Processes of Deep Underground Reservoirs

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2019) | Viewed by 18090

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Richeng Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Interests: fluid flow; fracture network; hydro-mechanical coupling; transport; nonlinearity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Yujing Jiang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 8528521, Japan
Interests: gas hydrate development; exploration and production technology; geological hazards and preventions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Bo Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Interests: non-contact measurement of rock mass structures; early warning of unstable rocks based on remote sensing techniques; dynamic analysis of rock slope stability; development of meshless numerical methods for rock engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical (THMC) processes play a significant role in the characteristics of deep underground reservoirs, such as coal mines, CO2 sequestration, enhanced oil recovery, and geothermal energy development. In recent years, many methods, including laboratory experiments, theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, have been employed to investigate the THMC processes of deep underground reservoirs. However, due to the complex and uncertain properties of rocks/coals in deep underground reservoirs, in-depth explanations of the THMC processes are still needed.

This Special Issue aims to present recent advances in THMC processes of deep underground reservoirs. We invite you to submit comprehensive review papers and original articles.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Fluid flow and solute transport in porous media
  • Nonlinear flow regimes in fractured rock masses
  • Shear-flow processes in fractures
  • Mechanical-chemical processes in coals/rocks
  • Three-dimensional fracture network reconstruction and permeability estimation
  • Stability control of deep coal mine
  • Fractal approach to study fracture size distribution
  • Thermal treatment on dynamic and physical properties of coal/rock

Dr. Richeng Liu
Prof. Dr. Yujing Jiang
Dr. Bo Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 17230 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on the Fracturing Behaviors and Mechanical Properties of Cracks under Coupled Hydro-Mechanical Effects in Rock-like Specimens
by Yimeng Zhou, Cheng Zhao, Chunfeng Zhao, Chuangchuang Ma and Junfei Xie
Water 2018, 10(10), 1355; https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101355 - 29 Sep 2018
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2493
Abstract
The artificial fracturing technique under coupled hydro-mechanical effects is widely used in many rock engineering. Therefore, the study on the fracturing behaviors and mechanical properties of hydro-mechanical coupled cracks is very crucial. In this study, a series of fracturing tests were conducted on [...] Read more.
The artificial fracturing technique under coupled hydro-mechanical effects is widely used in many rock engineering. Therefore, the study on the fracturing behaviors and mechanical properties of hydro-mechanical coupled cracks is very crucial. In this study, a series of fracturing tests were conducted on the cylinder gypsum specimens with single pre-existing cracks using triaxial compression loading system. Water pressure was applied inside the pre-existing cracks and led to the specimen failure with external compression loading. A new type of cracks, namely horizontal coupled cracks (HCC), were found in some specimens. Macroscopic observations reveal that HCC, which were mainly caused by the hydraulic pressure, were different from any tensile wing cracks, shear secondary cracks, or shear anti-wing cracks. Subsequently, a microscopic study was performed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), the outcomes suggest that: (1) Shear fracturing zones (SFZ) and tensile fracturing zones (TFZ) under coupled hydro-mechanical effects displayed distinct characteristics on orientations, length, and independence of gypsum grains; and (2) the HCC were tensile cracks when they just initiated from outer tips of pre-existing cracks. While tensile stress made major contribution to the specimen failure during the whole fracturing processes, the HCC became tensile and shear mixed cracks when the specimen was about to fail. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical Processes of Deep Underground Reservoirs)
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18 pages, 2937 KiB  
Article
Transient Analysis of Grout Penetration With Time-Dependent Viscosity Inside 3D Fractured Rock Mass by Unified Pipe-Network Method
by Zizheng Sun, Xiao Yan, Rentai Liu, Zhenhao Xu, Shucai Li and Yiming Zhang
Water 2018, 10(9), 1122; https://doi.org/10.3390/w10091122 - 23 Aug 2018
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3728
Abstract
Grouting is widely used for mitigating the seepage of underground water and enhancing the stability of fractured rock mass. After injection, the viscosity of the grout gradually increases until solidification. Conventional multifield analysis models ignoring such effects greatly overestimate the penetration region of [...] Read more.
Grouting is widely used for mitigating the seepage of underground water and enhancing the stability of fractured rock mass. After injection, the viscosity of the grout gradually increases until solidification. Conventional multifield analysis models ignoring such effects greatly overestimate the penetration region of the grout and the stability of the grouted rock structures. Based on the 3D unified pipe-network method (UPM), we propose a novel numerical model considering the time-dependent viscosity of the grout, therein being a quasi-implicit approach of high efficiency. The proposed model is verified by comparing with analytical results and a time-wise method. Several large-scale 3D examples of fractured rock mass are considered in the numerical studies, demonstrating the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method. The influence of the time-dependent viscosity, fracture properties, and grouting operation methods are discussed for the grout penetration process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical Processes of Deep Underground Reservoirs)
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16 pages, 2334 KiB  
Article
Intelligent Evaluation System of Water Inrush in Roadway (Tunnel) and Its Application
by Shaoshuai Shi, Xiaokun Xie, Zhijie Wen, Zongqing Zhou, Liping Li, Shuguang Song and Zhonghu Wu
Water 2018, 10(8), 997; https://doi.org/10.3390/w10080997 - 27 Jul 2018
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2984
Abstract
The risk assessment of mine water inrush is a complicated theoretical and technical problem that concerns hydrogeology conditions, engineering geology, mining conditions, rock mechanics, etc. To address this problem, a software system for the risk assessment of mine water inrush was established. From [...] Read more.
The risk assessment of mine water inrush is a complicated theoretical and technical problem that concerns hydrogeology conditions, engineering geology, mining conditions, rock mechanics, etc. To address this problem, a software system for the risk assessment of mine water inrush was established. From the matter-element extension theory, combined with the entropy-weight method, a matter-element extension entropy-weight model was constructed to evaluate mine safety. Eleven indices were determined based on the principles of science, rationality, operability, and representation, and each index was quantitatively graded. This system had built-in abundant cases of typical mine water inrush so users could determine the value of the parameter according to the analogy of water inrush cases with similar conditions. Combined with the analysis of typical water inrush cases, a database of water control measures with a strong advisory function was established. Finally, through the case study of a typical mine, it was found that the results of this study agreed with the practical ones, indicating that this system could improve the accuracy and availability of the risk assessment of mine water inrush. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical Processes of Deep Underground Reservoirs)
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10 pages, 2991 KiB  
Article
Temporal Variations in the Quantity of Groundwater Flow in Nam Co Lake
by Yan Du, Zhide Huang, Mowen Xie, Asim Farooq and Chen Chen
Water 2018, 10(7), 941; https://doi.org/10.3390/w10070941 - 14 Jul 2018
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4090
Abstract
This paper aims to calculate and analyze the spatial and temporal variations in the groundwater flow quantity in Nam Co Lake based on the water balance principle. The results show that a large amount of groundwater was gradually lost and that, groundwater loss [...] Read more.
This paper aims to calculate and analyze the spatial and temporal variations in the groundwater flow quantity in Nam Co Lake based on the water balance principle. The results show that a large amount of groundwater was gradually lost and that, groundwater loss decreased from 1.9 billion m3 to 1.5 billion m3 from the period of 1980–1984 to 1995–2009. The comparative analysis in the current study indicates that the decrease in the groundwater index has a strong linear relationship with the temperature of the ground surface on the Tibetan Plateau, with a correlation coefficient as high as 0.92. Moreover, environmental variations such as large-scale engineering construction projects and increases in water storage may have played dominant roles in the sudden changes in the water quantities of plateau lakes (e.g., Nam Co Lake) during the periods of 1990–1995 and 2000–2009. The increased water levels resulted in reduced groundwater losses, which may lead to the substantial expansion or gradual shrinkage of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau lakes over short periods of time. The results of this study provide an important reference for studying the mechanisms of lake water level changes on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical Processes of Deep Underground Reservoirs)
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11 pages, 4806 KiB  
Article
Effects of the Notch Angle, Notch Length and Injection Rate on Hydraulic Fracturing under True Triaxial Stress: An Experimental Study
by Yulong Chen, Qingxiang Meng and Jianwei Zhang
Water 2018, 10(6), 801; https://doi.org/10.3390/w10060801 - 17 Jun 2018
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3944
Abstract
This study focused on the effects of the notch angle, notch length, and injection rate on hydraulic fracturing. True triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiments were conducted with 300 × 300 × 300 mm cement mortar blocks. The test results showed that the fracture initiation [...] Read more.
This study focused on the effects of the notch angle, notch length, and injection rate on hydraulic fracturing. True triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiments were conducted with 300 × 300 × 300 mm cement mortar blocks. The test results showed that the fracture initiation pressure decreased as the notch length and injection rate increased, whereas, the fracture initiation pressure decreased as the notch angle decreased. Furthermore, the direction of the hydraulic fracture was always along the direction of the maximum principle stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical Processes of Deep Underground Reservoirs)
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