Impacts of Climate Change on Extreme Hydro-Climatic Events: Droughts and Floods

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water and Climate Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 1794

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
Interests: climate variability; climate change; dynamical downscaling; statistical downscaling; streamflow variability; drought; extreme events; teleconnections; seasonal forecasting
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Guest Editor
Applied Physics Department, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
Interests: climate change; regional climate models; climate projections; convection-permitting models; climate variability; hydrological models; flood hazards; drought; land–atmosphere feedback; aridity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Applied Physics Department, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
Interests: climate variability; climate change; seasonal prediction; decadal prediction; climate change projections; downscaling techniques; regional climate models; convection-permitting models; streamflow variability; drought
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Climate change is having a profound impact on extreme hydro-climatic events. On the one hand, droughts are becoming more frequent and severe, leading to reduced agricultural yields, water scarcity, and ecosystem stress. These dry spells also pose health and economic impacts in many parts of the world.

On the other hand, floods and extreme precipitation events are increasing in intensity and frequency, particularly in coastal regions. Rising sea levels, storm surges, and altered precipitation patterns contribute to more severe flooding and devasting effects. This results, among other negative impacts, in damage to critical infrastructure, land displacement, and water quality issues.

Implementing strategies for sustainable water management, resilient infrastructure, and early warning systems is essential to address these evolving hydro-climatic challenges and reduce their impacts on communities and ecosystems. To address these challenges, accurate climate projections as well as forecasting at different time scales (from seasonal to decadal) are crucial as climate services tools. This information can help communities and governments make appropriate decisions about water resource management, infrastructure planning, and disaster preparedness.

This Special Issue offers an opportunity to publish papers related to the impacts of climate change on extreme hydro-climatic events, specifically droughts and floods, but also those related to other extreme precipitation compound extreme events. Papers focused on observed and projected changes during the near and far future in the 21st century from different spatial scales and methodological approaches (statistical, physical, GCMs, downscaling, hydrological modeling, etc.) are welcome for submission. Papers dealing with climate change implications in topics such as water management are also of interest.

Dr. María Jesús Esteban Parra
Dr. Matilde García-Valdecasas Ojeda
Dr. Sonia Raquel Gámiz-Fortis
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • climate change
  • drought
  • flood
  • extreme events
  • climate models
  • downscaling
  • water management
  • extreme precipitation compound events

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 14381 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Climate Change on Hydro-Meteorological Droughts in the Chao Phraya River Basin, Thailand
by Bounhome Kimmany, Supattra Visessri, Ponleu Pech and Chaiwat Ekkawatpanit
Water 2024, 16(7), 1023; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16071023 - 01 Apr 2024
Viewed by 824
Abstract
This study evaluated the impacts of climate change on hydro-meteorological droughts in the Chao Phraya River Basin (CPRB), Thailand under two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). We used three Reginal Climate Models (RCMs) of the Southeast Asia Regional Climate Downscaling/Coordinated [...] Read more.
This study evaluated the impacts of climate change on hydro-meteorological droughts in the Chao Phraya River Basin (CPRB), Thailand under two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). We used three Reginal Climate Models (RCMs) of the Southeast Asia Regional Climate Downscaling/Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment—Southeast Asia (SEACLID/CORDEX-SEA), which are bias corrected. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to simulate streamflow for future periods. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI) were estimated and used for drought characterization at three time scales (3, 6, and 12 months). The lag time between meteorological and hydrological droughts is approximately 1–3 months. The results suggest that the CPRB is likely to experience less frequent hydro-meteorological drought events in the future. The meteorological drought is projected to be longer, more severe, and intense. The severity of hydrological drought tends to decrease, but the intensity could increase. Climate change has been discovered to alter drought behaviors in the CPRB, posing a threat to drought monitoring and warning because droughts will be less predictable in future climate scenarios. The characterization of historical and future droughts over the CPRB is therefore valuable in developing an improved understanding of the risks of drought. Full article
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22 pages, 15310 KiB  
Article
The Applicability of the Drought Index and Analysis of Spatiotemporal Evolution Mechanisms of Drought in the Poyang Lake Basin
by Zihan Gui, Heshuai Qi, Faliang Gui, Baoxian Zheng, Shiwu Wang and Hua Bai
Water 2024, 16(5), 766; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16050766 - 04 Mar 2024
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Abstract
Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China, is an important regional water resource and a landmark ecosystem. In recent years, it has experienced a period of prolonged drought. Using appropriate drought indices to describe the drought characteristics of the Poyang Lake Basin [...] Read more.
Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China, is an important regional water resource and a landmark ecosystem. In recent years, it has experienced a period of prolonged drought. Using appropriate drought indices to describe the drought characteristics of the Poyang Lake Basin (PLB) is of great practical significance in the face of severe drought situations. This article explores the applicability of four drought indices (including the precipitation anomaly index (PJP), standardized precipitation index (SPI), China Z-index (CPZI), and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI)) based on historical facts. A systematic study was conducted on the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of meteorological drought in the PLB based on the optimal drought index. The results show that SPI is more suitable for the description of drought characteristics in the PLB. Meteorological droughts occur frequently in the summer and autumn in the PLB, with the frequency of mild drought being 17.29% and 16.88%, respectively. The impact range of severe drought or worse reached 22.19% and 28.33% of the entire basin, respectively. The probability of drought occurrence in the PLB shows an increasing trend in spring, while in most areas, it shows a decreasing trend in other seasons, with only a slight increase in the upper reaches of the Ganjiang River (UGR). One of the important factors influencing drought in the PLB is atmospheric circulation. The abnormal variation of the Western Pacific Subtropical High was one of the key factors contributing to the severe drought in the PLB in 2022. This study is based on a long-term series of meteorological data and selects the drought index for the PLB. It describes the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and evolution patterns of drought and investigates the developmental path and influencing factors of drought in typical years. This study provides a reliable scientific basis for similar watershed water resource management. Full article
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