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Ecohydrological Processes, Environmental Effects, and Integrated Regulation of Wetland Ecosystems, Volume II

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Ecohydrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 8339

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Junhong Bai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Interests: carbon cycling; nitrogen cycling; biogeochemical processes; ecohydrological processes; ecological risks; heavy metals; wetland restoration; wetland soil; microbial ecology; wetland ecology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Tian Xie

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Interests: wetland restoration; ecohydrological processes; invasion ecology; wetland vegetation; biological conservation; wetland biodiversity; biogeomorphology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Laibin Huang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Interests: soil microbiome and health; N cycling; greenhouse gas emissions; metagenome
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are grateful to all authors, reviewers and readers for their responses to the first volume of our Special Issue on “Ecohydrological Processes, Environmental Effects, and Integrated Regulation of Wetland Ecosystems”. You can access these articles for free via the link:

Ecohydrological Processes, Environmental Effects, and Integrated Regulation of Wetland Ecosystems, Volume I

Now, we will move forward this topic, to which you are very welcome to contribute.

Wetlands are among the most important ecosystems on Earth and play important multi-ecological service functions such as providing productivity, regulating climate, purifying water quality, sequestrating carbon, and controlling floods. Wetlands serve as sources, sinks, and transformers of a multitude of chemical, biological, and genetic materials. The conversion of sources and sinks of chemical materials highly depends on ecohydrological processes and microbial degradation. Wetland loss and degradation has occurred on a global scale due to intense human activities, and approximately 50% of wetlands has been lost over the past century. The intense anthropogenic disturbances have greatly degraded wetland functions by draining, dredging, and filling wetlands, modifying the hydrological regime, constructing artificial facilities, and polluting wetland habitats. Wetland habitats have been greatly threatened by the abovementioned human pressures and climate change, which can not only affect primary and secondary productivity, community composition and distribution, and biodiversity, but also impact natural ecohydrological and biogeochemical processes. Meanwhile, the ecosystem services of wetlands have also been degraded due to changing wetland hydrology. Therefore, many protection and restoration projects have been conducted to restore degraded habitats, improve water quality, and control flooding. Wetland restoration is driven by policies such as the Ramsar convention on wetlands of international importance, the Clean Water Act of the US, the Water Framework Directive of the European Union, and others. Hopefully, increasing practices of protection and restoration will develop into an intentional activity that initiates or accelerates the recovery of a degraded or destroyed wetlands in more countries.

We invite you to contribute your recent research in relation to understanding ecohydrological processes, environmental effects, and integrated regulation in wetland ecosystems to wetland conservation and management. The potential topics include but not limited to:

  1. Hydrological processes in wetlands;
  2. Wetland biogeochemistrical processes;
  3. Wetland ecological risks;
  4. Wetland structures and functions;
  5. Environmental pollution in wetlands;
  6. Ecohydrological processes in wetlands;
  7. Wetlands conservation and restoration;
  8. Effects of climate change on wetlands;
  9. Ecological service functions in wetlands;
  10. Ecological network analysis of wetlands.

Prof. Dr. Junhong Bai
Dr. Tian Xie
Dr. Laibin Huang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ecohydrological processes
  • environmental effects
  • ecological risks
  • biogeochemical processes
  • pollution
  • restoration
  • regulation
  • climate change
  • ecological service functions
  • wetland ecosystems

Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 37010 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Simulation of Land Use and Habitat Quality Assessment in Baiyangdian Basin Using the SD-PLUS Coupled Model
by Zhen Han, Budong Li, Zepeng Han, Shiyan Wang, Wenqi Peng, Xiaobo Liu and David Benson
Water 2024, 16(5), 678; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16050678 - 26 Feb 2024
Viewed by 604
Abstract
The physical foundation and environmental assurance provided by the regional habitat are crucial for the survival and sustainable development of organisms. Land use change, as a significant manifestation of human activity, is a crucial factor in habitat quality. An SD-PLUS coupled model was [...] Read more.
The physical foundation and environmental assurance provided by the regional habitat are crucial for the survival and sustainable development of organisms. Land use change, as a significant manifestation of human activity, is a crucial factor in habitat quality. An SD-PLUS coupled model was developed to simulate land use change in the Baiyangdian(BYD) Basin using data on land use, socio-economic factors, and the climatic environment from 2000 to 2020. The InVEST model was employed to assess the habitat quality of the basin from 2000 to 2050. The findings indicated the following: Between 2020 and 2050, the predominant land use changes across the three scenarios involve the conversion of farmland to construction land and grassland to woodland. The magnitude of these changes steadily declines over time. The magnitude of change in land use for all kinds was greater under SSP5 compared to SSP1 and SSP2. The movement of habitat quality grades primarily occurred from higher grades to lower grades. In 2050, the habitat quality is projected to improve compared to 2020 under three different scenarios. The highest improvement is expected in SSP5 with a 0.60% increase, followed by SSP2 with a 0.42% increase and SSP1 with the smallest increase of 0.23%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecohydrological Processes, Environmental Effects, and Integrated Regulation of Wetland Ecosystems, Volume II)
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20 pages, 2784 KiB  
Article
Temporal Environmental Status of a Shallow Lake Using Alpha and Beta Diversity on Phytoplankton Communities
by Catalina Ríos-Henríquez and Norka Fuentes
Water 2024, 16(2), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16020274 - 12 Jan 2024
Viewed by 694
Abstract
Phytoplankton communities are excellent indicators of the environmental status of shallow lakes since changes in diversity alert us to potential deterioration. To assess the environmental condition of a shallow lake with strong anthropogenic pressure from forest monocultures, alpha and beta diversities were determined. [...] Read more.
Phytoplankton communities are excellent indicators of the environmental status of shallow lakes since changes in diversity alert us to potential deterioration. To assess the environmental condition of a shallow lake with strong anthropogenic pressure from forest monocultures, alpha and beta diversities were determined. Three monitoring stations were established in the shallow Kusrüpuyewe Lake, southern Chile, which were monitored during the 2021 austral summer and winter. Alpha diversity was high indicating a stable environmental condition. In total, 103 species in summer, 96 species in winter and a high species diversity (Shannon index: H′ > 5 bits/ind) were recorded. Beta diversity indicated that this ecosystem is seasonally heterogeneous, is potentially productive and has a high species turnover. Based on the large species inventory, we conclude that this shallow lake is stable and diverse. Although it is threatened by the presence of forest monocultures, it maintains a stable environmental condition, mainly due to the ability of the phytoplankton present to self-regulate through the species turnover. This study provides the relevant background information to establish conservation measures around the shallow lake, an ecosystem that provides various ecosystem services for the local indigenous communities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecohydrological Processes, Environmental Effects, and Integrated Regulation of Wetland Ecosystems, Volume II)
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16 pages, 3034 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Plant Spatial Patterns on Nitrogen Removal in the Naolihe Wetlands of Northeast China
by Jinfeng Ma, Yuting Wang, Yu An, Mei Zhang and Xiaodong Wang
Water 2024, 16(1), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16010128 - 29 Dec 2023
Viewed by 582
Abstract
The impact of the spatial pattern of wetland plants on nitrogen removal is a hot research topic. Ten water samples were collected from separate sampling points in mid-August and at the end of October 2021, and the concentrations of TN, NH4-N, [...] Read more.
The impact of the spatial pattern of wetland plants on nitrogen removal is a hot research topic. Ten water samples were collected from separate sampling points in mid-August and at the end of October 2021, and the concentrations of TN, NH4-N, and NO3-N in the water were measured to calculate the removal rates for the three forms of nitrogen in Naolihe wetlands. The spatial indices were interpreted for various plants based on images from samples taken in August. Step-by-step eliminations and function fitting methods were performed to determine the relationships between the spatial index and the removal rates for three forms of nitrogen. The results show that both Deyeuxia angustifolia (DA) and Phragmites australis (PA) ranked first for the functions between the order of sampling points of spatial indices (areas and shapes) and the removal rates for the three forms of nitrogen during the elimination process, indicating that DA and PA were the main forces determining nitrogen removal, which was dependent on plants covering the largest areas (DA: 31.2% and PA: 24.3%), with some large patches (largest plants index: DA (0.26) and PA (0.21)) and strong connectivity (patch edge density: DA (16.79) and PA (15.70)). These results have value for studying the relationship between spatial patterns and water purification functions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecohydrological Processes, Environmental Effects, and Integrated Regulation of Wetland Ecosystems, Volume II)
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13 pages, 2126 KiB  
Article
Combination of Phytoextraction and Biochar Improves Available Potassium and Alters Microbial Community Structure in Soils
by Panpan Dong, Zhenming Zhang and Mingxiang Zhang
Water 2024, 16(1), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16010118 - 28 Dec 2023
Viewed by 733
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of combining phytoextraction and biochar for metal-polluted wetland soils by exploring the changes in soil biochemical properties, especially compared to the outcomes of single phytoremediation or biochar application. Soil biochemical properties serve as reliable indicators of [...] Read more.
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of combining phytoextraction and biochar for metal-polluted wetland soils by exploring the changes in soil biochemical properties, especially compared to the outcomes of single phytoremediation or biochar application. Soil biochemical properties serve as reliable indicators of soil quality and exhibit a high sensitivity to microbial community dynamics. Phytoextraction is via the native plants Phragmites australis (P. australis) and Suaeda salsa (S. salsa). The addition of biochar significantly increased the total organic carbon (TOC) and available potassium (AK) contents in the rhizosphere soil of P. australis and more in that of S. salsa. The effects of the combined remediation on the composition of the main classes of bacteria are uncertain, and the abundance of the main fungal classes decreased. At the level of OTU, no significant differences were observed in the richness and diversity of microbial communities between the single and combined remediation approaches. On a genus level, the combined remediation of biochar and S. salsa had the highest specificity of soil bacteria, while the single biochar remediation gave the highest specificity of soil fungi. At the class level, the four most abundant classes of bacteria were actinobacteria, alphaproteobacteria, gammaproteobacteria, and bacterricilineae. Biochar addition decreased the abundance of actinobacteria in P. australis rhizosphere soil but increased the abundance of actinobacteria in S. salsa rhizosphere soil. The sordariomycetes and eurotiomycetes were the dominant fungal classes. The combined remediation reduced the abundance of sordariomycetes, and the abundance of eurotiomycetes decreased after single phytoextraction, biochar, and combined remediation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecohydrological Processes, Environmental Effects, and Integrated Regulation of Wetland Ecosystems, Volume II)
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26 pages, 16694 KiB  
Article
Spatial Planning Strategies for Wetlands Based on a Multimethod Approach: The Example of Tianjin in China
by Yangli Li, Gaoyuan Wang, Tian Chen and Erli Zeng
Water 2023, 15(19), 3356; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15193356 - 25 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1043
Abstract
Wetlands form a crucial component of ecosystems, and wetland restoration serves as an effective strategy for promoting sustainable urban development. Spatial support is essential for wetland restoration, meaning that research on wetland spatial planning is of considerable importance. Existing studies on wetland spatial [...] Read more.
Wetlands form a crucial component of ecosystems, and wetland restoration serves as an effective strategy for promoting sustainable urban development. Spatial support is essential for wetland restoration, meaning that research on wetland spatial planning is of considerable importance. Existing studies on wetland spatial planning primarily focus on the analysis of wetland spatial distribution characteristics, with limited exploration of wetland spatial relationships. This paper aims to explore the potential of utilizing both spatial distribution characteristics and spatial relationships to identify wetland spatial issues, thereby facilitating the formulation of wetland spatial planning strategies. Using Tianjin City as a case study, this research applies nearest neighbor analysis, the geographic concentration index, the Gini index, and kernel density analysis to identify the spatial distribution characteristics of wetlands in Tianjin. Additionally, spatial autocorrelation analysis and connectivity analysis are employed to identify the interrelationships among wetlands in Tianjin. Based on the results derived from the analysis of spatial distribution characteristics and spatial relationships, wetland spatial planning strategies are proposed. The effectiveness of these strategies is validated using methods that consider both spatial distribution characteristics and spatial relationships. The findings reveal that, although wetlands in Tianjin are widely distributed, large wetland patches are primarily concentrated in areas with abundant water resources, while the six districts within the city have few or no large patches of wetlands. The spatial distribution of wetlands is highly uneven, exhibiting patterns of high–high aggregation and low–low aggregation. The number of connecting paths between wetland patches is relatively low, indicating a generally low overall connectivity. While medium-sized and larger wetland patches maintain the connectivity of existing wetlands in Tianjin, small wetlands that serve as stepping stones are lacking. Following the implementation of planning strategies, there would be an increase in the wetland area in Tianjin, accompanied by significant improvements in the spatial distribution pattern and spatial relationships of the wetlands. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecohydrological Processes, Environmental Effects, and Integrated Regulation of Wetland Ecosystems, Volume II)
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18 pages, 6997 KiB  
Article
Impact of Hydrological Changes on Wetland Landscape Dynamics and Implications for Ecohydrological Restoration in Honghe National Nature Reserve, Northeast China
by Xuanyi Zhang, Yao Liu, Wei Zhao, Jingtai Li, Siying Xie, Chenyan Zhang, Xiaorou He, Dandan Yan and Minhua Wang
Water 2023, 15(19), 3350; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15193350 - 24 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1244
Abstract
Marsh wetlands are significant ecosystems located between land and water bodies which can both protect species diversity and provide habitats. Changes in the hydrological situation of marsh wetlands as a result of climate change and human activities have led to the degradation of [...] Read more.
Marsh wetlands are significant ecosystems located between land and water bodies which can both protect species diversity and provide habitats. Changes in the hydrological situation of marsh wetlands as a result of climate change and human activities have led to the degradation of wetland landscapes. Taking the Honghe National Nature Reserve (HNNR) in Heilongjiang Province, China, as an example, this paper gathered information on the reserve’s wetland landscape before and after dam construction. The information was obtained using field survey data and a random forest classification method based on Landsat data powered by the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform. Then, on the basis of the water level data and the digital elevation model, the wetland landscape dynamics of HNNR under three water level conditions were simulated. The findings were as follows: (1) From 1998 to 2008, the area of marsh and meadow had a downward trend, while the area of forest, farmland and water showed a gradual and upward trend; a marked rise in the area of marsh and a continued rise in the area of forest, farmland and water, and a sharp decline in the area of meadow during 2008 to 2018 was observed. (2) There was a significant increase in the area of marsh under the 20 and 40 cm water level simulation scenarios, with a decrease in the number of patches, and an increase in the aggregation index with rising water levels; in contrast, when the water level rose to 60 cm, the area of marsh and the number of patches decreased, but the aggregation index continued to increase. (3) The correlation between wetland landscape and the water level was a nonlinear one. The area of marsh increased and then decreased with increasing water level, reaching a maximum at the 40 cm water level; therefore, 40 cm was the optimal water level regulation scenario. Hydrological processes are the most fundamental ecological processes in marsh wetlands. Understanding the scientific pattern of the spatial pattern characteristics of species as a function of water level environment is important for scientifically guiding the restoration of marsh vegetation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecohydrological Processes, Environmental Effects, and Integrated Regulation of Wetland Ecosystems, Volume II)
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18 pages, 7776 KiB  
Article
Analysis of NDVI Trends and Driving Factors in the Buffer Zone of the Aral Sea
by Mengqi Cui, Xinjun Zheng, Yan Li and Yugang Wang
Water 2023, 15(13), 2473; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15132473 - 05 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1536
Abstract
A buffer zone can be used to analyze the influence of the lake on the surrounding spatial elements, which is of great significance for discussing the problems of lake retreat, vegetation degradation, and overall environmental deterioration in the Aral Sea. Taking the 3 [...] Read more.
A buffer zone can be used to analyze the influence of the lake on the surrounding spatial elements, which is of great significance for discussing the problems of lake retreat, vegetation degradation, and overall environmental deterioration in the Aral Sea. Taking the 3 km buffer zone of the Aral Sea as the research area, the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and main influencing factors of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the Aral Sea research area were studied using remote sensing over 31 years (1987, 1997, 1992, 2007, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2017, and 2018). The results showed that the vegetation growth in the Aral Sea buffer zone deteriorates with the retreat of the lake; the vegetation of the small Aral Sea began to recover due to the stable water volume and salt content of the lake; vegetation began to grow in the west coast of the West Aral Sea; the shrinkage of the Aral Sea caused by human activities is an important factor affecting the growth of the vegetation. This study provides a reference for the restoration and reconstruction of regional vegetation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecohydrological Processes, Environmental Effects, and Integrated Regulation of Wetland Ecosystems, Volume II)
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12 pages, 3955 KiB  
Article
Soil Nutrient Distribution and Preferential Flow Transport Patterns in Robinia Pseudoacacia Communities of Degraded Wetlands
by Shiqiang Zhao, Jingwen Wang and Mingxiang Zhang
Water 2023, 15(6), 1140; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15061140 - 15 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1210
Abstract
The Yellow River Delta wetlands in the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve are facing serious degradation due to water scarcity and soil salinization. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of wetland degradation by analyzing the small-scale distribution of soil nutrients and [...] Read more.
The Yellow River Delta wetlands in the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve are facing serious degradation due to water scarcity and soil salinization. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of wetland degradation by analyzing the small-scale distribution of soil nutrients and preferential flow transport patterns in the Robinia Pseudoacacia community, which is a typical vegetation community in degraded wetlands. Soil physical and chemical properties based on field staining experiments were analyzed, and indoor solute penetration experiments were conducted to investigate the distribution of soil nutrients and hydrological characteristics. The results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon, organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus decreased with increasing soil depth, with higher contents in the preferential flow area than in the matrix flow area. Soil organic carbon, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus showed positive correlations with each other, while soil pH and conductivity exhibited negative correlations with the above nutrients. The efflux rate of the Acacia community exhibited a gradual decline as soil depth increased, and the relative concentration of the solution exhibited a non-monotonic pattern of decrease, increase, and subsequent decrease with increasing soil depth. The findings could provide valuable guidance for the restoration and management of degraded wetlands in the Yellow River Delta. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecohydrological Processes, Environmental Effects, and Integrated Regulation of Wetland Ecosystems, Volume II)
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

1

Title: Twenty-Eight Years of Plant Community Development and Dynamics in the Balize Mississippi River Delta, Louisiana, USA

Authors: David A. White, Jenneke M. Visser

 

2

Title: Temporal Environmental Status in a Shallow Lagoon through the Use of Alpha and Beta Diversity on Microalgae

Authors: Catalina Ríos-Henríquez, Norka Fuentes

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