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Water
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Modelling of Radionuclide Transport in Surface and Ground Waters
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Modelling of Radionuclide Transport in Surface and Ground Waters

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Quality and Contamination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 3274

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Mark Zheleznyak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
Interests: modeling of radionuclide transport in natural waters; hydrology; river hydraulics; coastal hydrodynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maksym Gusyev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
Interests: groundwater modeling; watershed modeling; tritium tracer; nutrient transport modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hyoe Takata

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
Interests: radioactive cesium in the waters in the proximity of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant; effects of radionuclides in coastal waters through rivers; interaction of radionuclides between solid and liquid phases in estuaries; study of transport and migration of radionuclides in the marine environment by natural analogues
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) and Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accidents caused widespread environmental pollution, including contamination of rivers, reservoirs, lakes, groundwater, aquatic biota, and coastal zones of seas and oceans. The Chernobyl accident has heavily contaminated the watersheds of the lowland rivers around and downstream of the ChNPP.  The accident at the FDNPP contaminated mountain watersheds in Japan and the marine environment. Problems of groundwater radionuclide transport from terrestrial coastal areas to the marine environment and the interaction of radionuclides transported by rivers with seawater required intensive study after the FDNPP accident. After both accidents, modeling tools were intensively developed to predict the short- and long-term fate of radionuclides in surface and groundwater and to justify the effectiveness of countermeasures aimed at reducing the intensity of radionuclide fluxes in water.  The danger of radioactive contamination from military operations at the two Ukrainian NPP sites has recently emphasized the need for improvement and refinement of radionuclide modelling tools for the aquatic system. It is necessary to summarize the recent modeling studies of radionuclides released into the aquatic environment as a result of accidents at nuclear facilities and the studies of the radioactivity of natural waters around the world. The Special Issue of Water calls for  papers presenting recent advances in modeling radioactivity of natural waters aimed at the following topics:

  • Transfer of radionuclides in the soil–water system and the effects of erosion on the washout of radionuclides from catchments.
  • Fate and transport of radionuclides in rivers, hyporheic zones, oceans, lakes, reservoirs and groundwater.
  • Radionuclides in the coastal zone of the seas, including studies of erosion, transportation, and deposition in the zones of interaction of sea and river waters.
  • Aquatic radioecology–radioactivity of freshwaters and marine biota.
  • Development of computerized decision support systems based on numerical models forecasting radionuclide fate and transport in hydro-ecological systems.

Papers dealing with the modelling of fate and transport of naturally occurring radionuclides in aquatic systems will also be welcomed.

Prof. Dr. Mark Zheleznyak
Dr. Maksym Gusyev
Dr. Hyoe Takata
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • modeling
  • radionuclides in watersheds, rivers, reservoirs and lakes
  • radioactivity of groundwater
  • radioactivity of coastal areas
  • ocean dynamics of radioactivity
  • aquatic radioecology
  • environmental consequences of nuclear accidents

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 4572 KiB  
Article
Thirty-Year Prediction of 137Cs Supply from Rivers to Coastal Waters off Fukushima Considering Human Activities
by Tsubasa Ikenoue, Hikari Shimadera, Takahiro Nakanishi and Akira Kondo
Water 2023, 15(15), 2734; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152734 - 28 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1172
Abstract
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident caused an accumulation of 137Cs in coastal sediment. The 137Cs supply from rivers to the ocean can affect the long-term fate of 137Cs in coastal sediment. Since the Fukushima coastal river basins include [...] Read more.
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident caused an accumulation of 137Cs in coastal sediment. The 137Cs supply from rivers to the ocean can affect the long-term fate of 137Cs in coastal sediment. Since the Fukushima coastal river basins include large decontaminated and evacuation order areas, considering the decontamination work and resumption of agriculture is important for predicting the 137Cs supply. We conducted a 30-year prediction of the 137Cs supply from the Fukushima coastal rivers to the ocean using a distributed radiocesium prediction model, considering the effects of human activities. In river basins with decontaminated and evacuation order areas, human activities reduced the total 137Cs outflow from agricultural lands, urban lands, and forest areas to the rivers and the 137Cs supply to the ocean by 5.0% and 6.0%, respectively. These results indicated that human activities slightly impacted the 137Cs outflow and supply. The 137Cs supply from rivers impacted by the accident to the coastal sediment was estimated to correspond to 11–36% of the total 137Cs in the coastal sediment in the early phase of the accident. Therefore, the 137Cs supply from rivers to the ocean is important for the long-term behavior of 137Cs in coastal sediment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling of Radionuclide Transport in Surface and Ground Waters)
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19 pages, 5400 KiB  
Article
Modelling of the Fate of 137Cs and 90Sr in the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant Cooling Pond before and after the Water Level Drawdown
by Roman Bezhenar, Mark Zheleznyak, Volodymyr Kanivets, Valentyn Protsak, Dmitri Gudkov, Alexander Kaglyan, Serhii Kirieiev, Maksym Gusyev, Toshihiro Wada, Oleg Udovenko and Oleg Nasvit
Water 2023, 15(8), 1504; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15081504 - 12 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1371
Abstract
During the accident in April 1986, the Cooling Pond (CP) of the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) was heavily contaminated by fuel particles and radionuclides of cesium-137 (137Cs) and strontium-90 (90Sr). Starting from the end of 2014, a gradual [...] Read more.
During the accident in April 1986, the Cooling Pond (CP) of the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) was heavily contaminated by fuel particles and radionuclides of cesium-137 (137Cs) and strontium-90 (90Sr). Starting from the end of 2014, a gradual decrease of the CP water level began leading to the transformation of the whole reservoir into eight separate sectors and raising the concern of the fate of 137Cs and 90Sr in the future. In this study, two mathematical models were applied to reproduce radioactive contamination of the CP from 1986 to 2021 and to provide a forecast of 137Cs and 90Sr concentrations in the CP water from 2022 to 2030. The hydrodynamic model THREETOX provided three-dimensional (3D) currents in the CP corresponding to hydrological conditions before and after water level drawdown, and these currents were used in the box model POSEIDON-F for the long-term simulations of the changes in 137Cs and 90Sr concentrations in water, bottom sediments, and biota. Seasonal changes in the distribution coefficient (Kd) describing the partition of 137Cs between water and sediments were considered in the box model, which allowed us to reproduce the observed variations of concentration. Calculated concentrations of 137Cs and 90Sr in water and freshwater fish occupying different trophic levels agreed well with measurements for the entire post-accident period. After the water level drawdown, concentrations of 137Cs in the CP water slightly increased in all eight sectors, while 90Sr concentrations significantly increased in sectors close to ChNPP, which was explained by an additional 90Sr source when comparing the simulation results and measurement data. Using the model forecast from 2022 to 2030, we predict that the concentration of both radionuclides will gradually decrease in new water bodies of the Cooling Pond except in the northern sectors, where the suggested additional source of 90Sr will lead to a stabilization of 90Sr concentrations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling of Radionuclide Transport in Surface and Ground Waters)
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