Vaccines

Research

14 pages, 1647 KiB

Open AccessArticle

COVID-19 Vaccination Status as Well as Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy among Prisoners and the Implications

by Alina Shabir, Noorah A. Alkubaisi, Amna Shafiq, Muhammad Salman, Mohamed A. Baraka, Zia Ul Mustafa, Yusra Habib Khan, Tauqeer Hussain Malhi, Johanna C. Meyer and Brian Godman

Vaccines 2023, 11(6), 1081; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11061081 - 09 Jun 2023

Viewed by 1452

Abstract

Prisoners form a population who are highly vulnerable to COVID-19 due to overcrowding, limited movement, and a poor living environment. Consequently, there is a need to ascertain the status of COVID-19 vaccination and factors associated with hesitancy among prisoners. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study [...] Read more.

Prisoners form a population who are highly vulnerable to COVID-19 due to overcrowding, limited movement, and a poor living environment. Consequently, there is a need to ascertain the status of COVID-19 vaccination and factors associated with hesitancy among prisoners. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was undertaken among prisoners at three district jails in Punjab Province, Pakistan. A total of 381 prisoners participated and none of the study participants had received an influenza vaccine this year. In total, 53% received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, with the majority having two doses. The top three reasons of vaccine acceptance were “fear of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection” (56.9%), “desire to return to a pre-pandemic routine as soon as possible” (56.4%), and “having no doubts on the safety of COVID-19 vaccines” (39.6%). There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in any demographic variables between vaccinated and unvaccinated prisoners except for age, which was strongly association with COVID-19 vaccine uptake (χ²(3) = 76.645, p < 0.001, Cramer’s V = 0.457). Among the unvaccinated prisoners (N = 179), only 16 subsequently showed willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. The top three reasons for hesitancy were: COVID-19 is not a real problem/disease (60.1%), safety concerns (51.1%), and COVID-19 vaccine is a conspiracy (50.3%). Efforts are needed to address their concerns given this population’s risks and high hesitancy rates, especially among younger prisoners. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Hesitancy: Attitudes and Associated Factors)

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15 pages, 450 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factors Influencing the Uptake of Seasonal Influenza Vaccination among Community-Dwelling Older Adults during COVID-19: A Mixed Methods Study

by Yi Xu, Min Ting Alicia See, Fazila Aloweni, Chun Hui Fion Koh, Cheng Gaik Irene Tan, Xiao Hui Xin, Wee Hoe Gan, Lian Leng Low and Su Fee Lim

Vaccines 2023, 11(3), 641; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030641 - 13 Mar 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1524

Abstract

Background: Despite making the influenza vaccine accessible and affordable, vaccination rates remained low among community-dwelling older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the factors influencing vaccine uptake and the impact of COVID-19 on vaccine uptake among community-dwelling older adults in Singapore. [...] Read more.

Background: Despite making the influenza vaccine accessible and affordable, vaccination rates remained low among community-dwelling older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the factors influencing vaccine uptake and the impact of COVID-19 on vaccine uptake among community-dwelling older adults in Singapore. Methods: A mixed methods study involving a survey and semi-structured interviews were conducted between September 2020 and July 2021. Community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 65 years were recruited from 27 Community Nurse Posts. Data on participants’ demographics, health condition(s), vaccination status, attitudes towards influenza infections and vaccinations, willingness to pay, intention for future vaccination and source of information were collected via the survey. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to understand vaccination experiences, key enablers and barriers, and the impact of COVID-19 on vaccine uptake. All interviews were analysed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and multinomial logistic regressions. Results: A total of 235 participants completed the survey. Living arrangement was a statistically significant contributing factor for influenza vaccine uptake (ꭓ²= −0.139; p = 0.03). Participants who lived alone were 2.5 times more likely to be vaccinated than those living with others (OR = 2.504, 95% CI: 1.294–4.842, p = 0.006). Avoidance of getting infected (82.5%), avoidance of transmission to others (84.7%), and advice from healthcare professionals to receive vaccination (83.4%) were key enablers, while concerns about possible side effects (41.2%), the effectiveness of the vaccine (42.6%), and not having enough information (48.1%) were barriers. Twenty participants were interviewed. The findings were congruent with the survey results. Five themes were identified as follows: (1) Perceived importance of influenza vaccination, (2) Sphere of influence, (3) Healthcare schemes and medical subsidies, (4) Psychological impediments, and (5) Inconsistent emphases at various touch points. Conclusions: Greater public health efforts are needed to reach out to the larger population of older adults of different living arrangements and those concerned about the possible side effects and effectiveness of the influenza vaccine. Healthcare professionals need to provide more information to address these concerns, especially during COVID-19, to encourage vaccine uptake. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Hesitancy: Attitudes and Associated Factors)

15 pages, 2295 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Acceptability and Determinants of Uptake and Schedule Completion of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine by 25 to 45 Years Old Women in Slovenia

by Jana Mlakar, Anja Oštrbenk Valenčak, Jožefa Kežar, Lara Beseničar-Pregelj and Mario Poljak

Vaccines 2023, 11(2), 423; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020423 - 12 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1930

Abstract

HPV immunization programs are mainly focused on girls and boys, but adult women and men could also benefit from vaccination. A multinational CoheaHr-WP4 study investigated the acceptability of HPV vaccination among 25–45 years old women. A total of 607 women from Slovenia participated [...] Read more.

HPV immunization programs are mainly focused on girls and boys, but adult women and men could also benefit from vaccination. A multinational CoheaHr-WP4 study investigated the acceptability of HPV vaccination among 25–45 years old women. A total of 607 women from Slovenia participated in the study, and 49.6% (301/607) agreed with HPV vaccination, with a significant difference (p < 0.0001) between the two centers. Non-vaccinated women had a higher education (p = 0.0068) and were more frequently in a committed relationship or married (p = 0.01). The most trusted source of medical and vaccination information was healthcare providers (55.2%). The main reasons for vaccine acceptance were protection against HPV-related disease (93.4%), severity of preventable diseases (82.7%), HPV vaccine safety (66.8%), free HPV vaccine availability (62.8%), and the existence of vaccination recommendations (55.5%). The main reasons for refusing vaccination were the need for additional vaccine-related information (31.4%) and vaccine safety concerns (29.4%). To increase vaccine coverage, information about the benefits and safety of HPV vaccination must be widely disseminated to all health professionals and the general public. We are convinced that the knowledge obtained in this study can be reliably applied to other countries in the region that lack such information and have a very high cervical cancer burden. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Hesitancy: Attitudes and Associated Factors)

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11 pages, 274 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Midwives’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice Regarding COVID-19 Vaccination for Pregnant Women: A Nationwide Web-Based Survey in Italy

by Grazia Miraglia del Giudice, Giorgia Della Polla, Lucio Folcarelli, Annalisa Napoli, Raffaella Punzo, Martina Peracchini and Italo Francesco Angelillo

Vaccines 2023, 11(2), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020222 - 19 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1432

Abstract

This cross-sectional survey investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning the COVID-19 vaccination for pregnant women among midwives in Italy and the associated factors. Midwives with at least five years of midwifery education and who had received information about the COVID-19 vaccination from [...] Read more.

This cross-sectional survey investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning the COVID-19 vaccination for pregnant women among midwives in Italy and the associated factors. Midwives with at least five years of midwifery education and who had received information about the COVID-19 vaccination from official government organizations or scientific journals were more likely to know in which trimester this vaccine can be administered. A higher perceived utility of this vaccination was observed among midwives working in the public sector, in those concerned by being infected by SARS-CoV-2, who have received at least one dose of this vaccination, in those who considered COVID-19 a severe disease for pregnant women and their fetus, and who believed that the vaccination is safe. One-third of the midwives routinely provided information and half recommended this vaccination. Midwives with more years of activity, who received information about the vaccination from official government organizations or scientific journals, those who had never assisted patients with SARS-CoV-2, and those who believed in midwives’ role in COVID-19 prevention were more likely to routinely provide information. Participants who perceived a higher utility of this vaccination, those who believed in midwives’ role in COVID-19 prevention, those who received information from official government organizations or scientific journals were more likely to routinely provide a recommendation for the vaccine. Midwives’ knowledge must be improved for ensuring that they communicate and recommend the vaccination to their patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Hesitancy: Attitudes and Associated Factors)

14 pages, 3037 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Zero-Dose, Under-Immunized, and Dropout Children in Nigeria: The Trend and Its Contributing Factors over Time

by Ryoko Sato

Vaccines 2023, 11(1), 181; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010181 - 14 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2194

Abstract

Introduction: This study analyzes the trend of prevalence of, and factors contributing to, children with incomplete vaccination status, namely zero-dose, under-immunized, and dropout children, over time from 2003 to 2018 in Nigeria, one of the countries with the highest number of children with [...] Read more.

Introduction: This study analyzes the trend of prevalence of, and factors contributing to, children with incomplete vaccination status, namely zero-dose, under-immunized, and dropout children, over time from 2003 to 2018 in Nigeria, one of the countries with the highest number of children with incomplete vaccination. Methods: Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey data from 2003 to 2018 were analyzed to calculate the prevalence of children with incomplete vaccination status by geographical zone over time and to investigate the factors contributing to the change in the prevalence of such children over time based on the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition analysis. Results: The prevalence of children with incomplete vaccination status substantially decreased from 2003 to 2018 in most of zones in Nigeria. Rural areas and the northern zones had consistently higher prevalence of children with incomplete vaccination status than urban areas and the southern zones. It was identified that mothers’ education and the household wealth level explained the reduction in the prevalence of zero-dose and under-immunized children, but the degree of contribution of each factor varied by zone and place of residence, i.e., urban or rural. Both the mother’s education and household wealth level only weakly contributed to the reduction in the number of dropout children. Discussions and conclusion: Future studies should explore further how to improve the vaccination coverage in Nigeria over time. Examples of topics for future study include other contributing factors beyond education and wealth level, differential factors influencing the reduction in the number of children with incomplete vaccination status by area of residence (urban vs. rural), why the reduction in the number of dropout children is not explained by either education or wealth, and the significant contributors to the reduction in the number of such children. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Hesitancy: Attitudes and Associated Factors)

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14 pages, 1016 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparing COVID-19 Vaccination Outcomes with Parental Values, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Hesitancy Status, 2021–2022

by Tuhina Srivastava, Angela K. Shen, Safa Browne, Jeremy J. Michel, Andy S. L. Tan and Melanie L. Kornides

Vaccines 2022, 10(10), 1632; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101632 - 28 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1889

Abstract

Despite the availability of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines, vaccine acceptance has been low, particularly among parents. More information is needed on parental decision-making. We conducted a prospective cohort study from October 2021 to March 2022 among 334 parents in a large urban/suburban [...] Read more.

Despite the availability of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines, vaccine acceptance has been low, particularly among parents. More information is needed on parental decision-making. We conducted a prospective cohort study from October 2021 to March 2022 among 334 parents in a large urban/suburban pediatric primary care network and linked longitudinal survey responses about attitudes and beliefs on vaccination, social norms, and access to vaccination services for COVID-19 to electronic health-record-derived vaccination outcomes for their eldest age-eligible children in June 2022. The odds of accepting two doses of COVID-19 vaccine for their child was higher in respondents who indicated the COVID-19 vaccine would be very safe (aOR [CI]: 2.69 [1.47–4.99], p = 0.001), as well as those who previously vaccinated their child against influenza (aOR [CI]: 4.07 [2.08–8.12], p < 0.001). The odds of vaccinating their child were lower for respondents who attended suburban vs. urban practices (aOR [CI]: 0.38 [0.21–0.67], p = 0.001). Parents in the cohort were active users of social media; the majority (78%) used their phone to check social media platforms at least once per day. Our findings suggest that healthcare providers and policymakers can focus on improving vaccination coverage among children living in suburban neighborhoods through targeted mobile-based messaging emphasizing safety to their parents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Hesitancy: Attitudes and Associated Factors)

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15 pages, 1291 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Attitudes and Intentions towards COVID-19 Vaccines and Associated Factors among General Populations of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Saadullah Khattak, Muhammad Idrees, Hafiza Iqra Iqbal, Maqbool Khan, Nasir Assad, Muhammad Naeem Khan, Muhammad Tufail Yousaf, Muhammad Farooq, Chang-Yong Yang, Dong-Dong Wu and Xin-Ying Ji

Vaccines 2022, 10(10), 1583; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101583 - 21 Sep 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2274

Abstract

Objective: The goal of public health in combatting COVID-19 is to increase herd immunity. However, vaccine reluctance makes attaining herd immunity a worldwide challenge. This investigation aimed to identify negative and positive attitudes and intentions about COVID-19 vaccinations. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey [...] Read more.

Objective: The goal of public health in combatting COVID-19 is to increase herd immunity. However, vaccine reluctance makes attaining herd immunity a worldwide challenge. This investigation aimed to identify negative and positive attitudes and intentions about COVID-19 vaccinations. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted once free COVID-19 vaccines became available in Pakistan in 2021. 4392 Pakistanis aged 18 and older were surveyed from seven administrative units between 1 July and 30 August 2021. Online structured questionnaires were utilized to collect data using a simple sampling procedure. The questionnaires were divided into three major sections: sociodemographic, health factors, and attitudes toward COVID-19. Results: The survey link was shared with approximately 4500 participants. 97.6%(4392) completed the survey once begun. Frequency, percentage and Chi-square tests were used to analyze statistical data. Most of the participants in the research were men (2703 (61.54%)), 3277 (74.61%) were aged 18–29 years, and 1824 (41.53%) were residents of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. (18.69%) Respondents expressed COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, whereas 36.66% of participants liked getting the Sinopharm and Sinovac vaccines and (35.84%) of participants preferred the Pfizer vaccine. A significant number of participants (38.05%) were concerned about the vaccine’s unexpected side effects Thus, it is essential to realize that many participants were concerned about the vaccine’s unexpected side effects. Conclusions: The overall high level of concern about the unforeseen side effects of COVID-19 vaccines, as well as widespread vaccine hesitancy among Pakistani populations and its predictors, should be taken into account if public health intervention campaigns in Pakistan are changing negative attitudes and improving compliance with regard to COVID-19 vaccines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Hesitancy: Attitudes and Associated Factors)

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16 pages, 320 KiB

Open AccessArticle

by Anna Bartosiewicz, Edyta Łuszczki, Adam Bartosiewicz, Katarzyna Dereń, Łukasz Oleksy and Artur Stolarczyk

Vaccines 2022, 10(9), 1524; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091524 - 14 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1288

Abstract

Vaccines are one of the most important achievements of modern medicine in maintaining the health of the population. The prolonged pandemic and subsequent lockdowns meant that the new COVID-19 vaccine was regarded by scientists and society as the way to end the pandemic [...] Read more.

Vaccines are one of the most important achievements of modern medicine in maintaining the health of the population. The prolonged pandemic and subsequent lockdowns meant that the new COVID-19 vaccine was regarded by scientists and society as the way to end the pandemic and return to normal life. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors responsible for the feeling of fear due to COVID-19 infection and the attitudes of medical students towards vaccination against COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was conducted online among medical students using standardized questionnaires: the Fear of COVID-19 scale and the Vaccination Attitude Examination scale. According to the results obtained, the respondents had a low level of fear of COVID-19 and the majority had positive attitudes towards vaccination against COVID-19. Regression analysis showed that the main predictors of fear of the pandemic and attitudes towards vaccination were age, sex, field of study, and sources of knowledge about vaccines. The analysis of factors related to the discussed issues can be the basis to formulate educational and preventive programs, to shape positive attitudes of future health sector employees toward the issue of preventive vaccination, as well as for the development of strategies to promote vaccination against COVID-19. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Hesitancy: Attitudes and Associated Factors)

11 pages, 3474 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Public Perceptions of Harms and Benefit of COVID-19 Immunity Certificate: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Italian Setting

by Serena Barello, Michele Paleologo, Lorenzo Palamenghi, Marta Acampora and Guendalina Graffigna

Vaccines 2022, 10(9), 1501; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091501 - 08 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1292

Abstract

A cross-sectional survey between 29 January 2022 and 3 February 2022 was conducted to understand the public rationale for accepting or rejecting the use of COVID-19 immunity certificates and to identify the psychosocial factors that mostly predict the positive/negative individuals’ perceptions of this [...] Read more.

A cross-sectional survey between 29 January 2022 and 3 February 2022 was conducted to understand the public rationale for accepting or rejecting the use of COVID-19 immunity certificates and to identify the psychosocial factors that mostly predict the positive/negative individuals’ perceptions of this measure. One thousand twenty-two Italian adults were recruited by a professional panel provider by employing a stratified sampling strategy controlled for gender, age, geographical area of residence, size of the urban centre of residence, employment, and wage. Eight Welch’s ANOVAs were then carried out to compare the perception of benefits and the perception of harms among different population groups. Multiple linear regression was carried out to measure the explained variance of benefits perception and harms perception by age, trust in institutions, and concern for health emergencies. The results shows that age, trust in institution, and concern for the COVID-19 emergency explain more variance of perceived benefits than of perceived harms of COVID-19 immunity certificates but the opposite regarding political orientation which explains perceived harms better than perceived benefits. The need for policy improvements is pressing because a large share of the world’s population remains unvaccinated. Moreover, our results can serve as vital information for similar health crises that may occur in the future. In addition, our results are expected to offer useful insights into public feelings around the use of digital health information tools. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Hesitancy: Attitudes and Associated Factors)

20 pages, 1846 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factors Influencing Parental and Individual COVID-19 Vaccine Decision Making in a Pediatric Network

by Angela K. Shen, Safa Browne, Tuhina Srivastava, Jeremy J. Michel, Andy S. L. Tan and Melanie L. Kornides

Vaccines 2022, 10(8), 1277; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081277 - 08 Aug 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3635

Abstract

Aspects of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign differed from routine vaccines, including emergency use authorizations, the prioritization of access, and the politicization of messaging. Subsequently, many parents reported lower vaccine confidence relative to routine vaccines, and vaccination coverage stalled below targets. This study aimed [...] Read more.

Aspects of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign differed from routine vaccines, including emergency use authorizations, the prioritization of access, and the politicization of messaging. Subsequently, many parents reported lower vaccine confidence relative to routine vaccines, and vaccination coverage stalled below targets. This study aimed to understand parental vaccine decision making and compare COVID-19 versus routine vaccine decision making. We conducted nine virtual focus groups between 25 February 2022–11 March 2022 with parents (n = 41) of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia’s patients, recruited via email and stratified by vaccine hesitancy status (non-hesitant vs. hesitant). Transcripts were analyzed using the vaccine hesitancy matrix domains. Of 41 total participants, 25 (61.0%) were non-hesitant, 16 (39.0%) were hesitant or their children were not up-to-date on adolescent vaccines, and most self-identified as female (95.1%) and White/Caucasian (61.0%). Most participants (87.5%) were fully vaccinated against COVID-19 and many of their first children (n = 26, 63.4%) were vaccinated against influenza. Several themes emerged regarding decision making: individual influences, group influences, vaccine and vaccine program influences, and contextual influences. While some influences were similar for routine and COVID-19 vaccine decision making (e.g., needing evidence-based information), other factors were vaccine- or situation-specific. Building trust requires a multi-faceted concerted effort that involves addressing the complex vaccine decision-making process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Hesitancy: Attitudes and Associated Factors)

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Review

Jump to: Research, Other

10 pages, 236 KiB

Open AccessReview

Priority of Vaccination of the Population against COVID-19: Moral Principles

by Tsuriel Rashi

Vaccines 2023, 11(2), 380; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020380 - 07 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1214

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic broke out at the end of 2019 and throughout 2020 there were intensive international efforts to find a vaccine for the disease, which has already led to the deaths of over 6 million people. In December 2020, several pharmaceutical companies [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic broke out at the end of 2019 and throughout 2020 there were intensive international efforts to find a vaccine for the disease, which has already led to the deaths of over 6 million people. In December 2020, several pharmaceutical companies announced that they had succeeded in producing an effective vaccine and after approval by the various regulatory bodies, countries started to vaccinate their citizens. With the start of the global campaign to vaccinate the world’s population against COVID-19, there was a strong renewal of the debate about prioritizing the population for the vaccination. This article presents the moral approaches to this issue and their consequences. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Hesitancy: Attitudes and Associated Factors)

Other

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25 pages, 732 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Why Parents Say No to Having Their Children Vaccinated against Measles: A Systematic Review of the Social Determinants of Parental Perceptions on MMR Vaccine Hesitancy

by M. Lelinneth B. Novilla, Michael C. Goates, Alisha H. Redelfs, Mallory Quenzer, Lynneth Kirsten B. Novilla, Tyler Leffler, Christian A. Holt, Russell B. Doria, Michael T. Dang, Melissa Hewitt, Emma Lind, Elizabeth Prickett and Katelyn Aldridge

Vaccines 2023, 11(5), 926; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11050926 - 02 May 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 7071

Abstract

Ongoing outbreaks of measles threaten its elimination status in the United States. Its resurgence points to lower parental vaccine confidence and local pockets of unvaccinated and undervaccinated individuals. The geographic clustering of hesitancy to MMR indicates the presence of social drivers that shape [...] Read more.

Ongoing outbreaks of measles threaten its elimination status in the United States. Its resurgence points to lower parental vaccine confidence and local pockets of unvaccinated and undervaccinated individuals. The geographic clustering of hesitancy to MMR indicates the presence of social drivers that shape parental perceptions and decisions on immunization. Through a qualitative systematic review of published literature (n = 115 articles; 7 databases), we determined major themes regarding parental reasons for MMR vaccine hesitancy, social context of MMR vaccine hesitancy, and trustworthy vaccine information sources. Fear of autism was the most cited reason for MMR hesitancy. The social drivers of vaccine hesitancy included primary care/healthcare, education, economy, and government/policy factors. Social factors, such as income and education, exerted a bidirectional influence, which facilitated or hindered vaccine compliance depending on how the social determinant was experienced. Fear of autism was the most cited reason for MMR hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy to MMR and other childhood vaccines clustered in middle- to high-income areas among mothers with a college-level education or higher who preferred internet/social media narratives over physician-based vaccine information. They had low parental trust, low perceived disease susceptibility, and were skeptical of vaccine safety and benefits. Combating MMR vaccine misinformation and hesitancy requires intersectoral and multifaceted approaches at various socioecological levels to address the social drivers of vaccine behavior. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Hesitancy: Attitudes and Associated Factors)

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5 pages, 470 KiB

Open AccessOpinion

The Re-Emergence of COVID-19 in 2022 Has Affected People’s Views on Vaccines

by Yufei Wu, Huanjie Li and Yunshan Wang

Vaccines 2022, 10(11), 1974; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111974 - 21 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1713

Abstract

The recurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022 has had a great impact on people’s mentality, although the government has controlled it through a series of effective measures. What is noteworthy is that the public opinion on vaccines has changed significantly, and at [...] Read more.

The recurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022 has had a great impact on people’s mentality, although the government has controlled it through a series of effective measures. What is noteworthy is that the public opinion on vaccines has changed significantly, and at present, the level of public’s trust in the COVID-19 vaccine is what we are concentrating on. For the current situation, new measures should be explored. Vaccines have been proven to be effective in reducing the rate of serious cases and death among infected people. However, vaccination rates still need to be improved, especially among the elderly. For people with low antibody levels, the fourth injection is recommended. Studying vaccines effective against virus mutation is the focus of future research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Hesitancy: Attitudes and Associated Factors)

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