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Vaccines
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Therapeutic Vaccine against Cancer
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Therapeutic Vaccine against Cancer

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2021) | Viewed by 9272

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Sherven Sharma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, UCLA Lung Cancer Research Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Interests: therapeutic cancer vaccines; tumor immunology; immune suppression
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Targeting inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules has highlighted the need to find approaches enabling the induction and proper activation of an immune response against cancer.  Therapeutic vaccination, which can induce a specific immune response against tumor antigens, is an important approach to consider. Although this strategy has shown low clinical efficacy when combined with other treatment modalities, therapeutic cancer vaccine strategies obtain new meaning when combined with immune checkpoint blockade therapy with the potential for cancer-free survival.

Prof. Dr. Sherven Sharma
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • therapeutic vaccines
  • cancer
  • T cell activation
  • immune checkpoint blockade

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 1478 KiB  
Article
Immune Checkpoint Blockade Enhances Immune Activity of Therapeutic Lung Cancer Vaccine
by Pournima Kadam, Ram P. Singh, Michael Davoodi, Jay M. Lee, Maie St. John and Sherven Sharma
Vaccines 2020, 8(4), 655; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040655 - 05 Nov 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2177
Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint blockade that downregulates T cell evasion for effective immunity has provided a renewed interest in therapeutic cancer vaccines. Methods: Utilizing murine lung cancer models, we determined: tumor burden, TIL cytolysis, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, RNA Sequencing, CD4 T cells, CD8 T [...] Read more.
Background: Immune checkpoint blockade that downregulates T cell evasion for effective immunity has provided a renewed interest in therapeutic cancer vaccines. Methods: Utilizing murine lung cancer models, we determined: tumor burden, TIL cytolysis, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, RNA Sequencing, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, CXCL9 chemokine, and CXCL10 chemokine neutralization to evaluate the efficacy of Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade combined with chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21-dendritic cell tumor antigen (CCL21-DC tumor Ag) vaccine. Results: Anti-PD1 combined with CCL21-DC tumor Ag vaccine eradicated 75% of 12-day established tumors (150 mm3) that was enhanced to 90% by administering CCL21-DC tumor Ag vaccine prior to combined therapy. The effect of combined therapy was blocked by CD4, CD8, CXCL9, and CXCL10 neutralizing antibodies. Conclusion: PD-1 blockade therapy plus CCL21-DC tumor Ag vaccine could be beneficial to lung cancer patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic Vaccine against Cancer)
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Review

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14 pages, 1250 KiB  
Review
Harnessing the Immune System with Cancer Vaccines: From Prevention to Therapeutics
by Ilene Le, Subramanian Dhandayuthapani, Jessica Chacon, Anna M. Eiring and Shrikanth S. Gadad
Vaccines 2022, 10(5), 816; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050816 - 21 May 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3181
Abstract
Prophylactic vaccination against infectious diseases is one of the most successful public health measures of our lifetime. More recently, therapeutic vaccination against established diseases such as cancer has proven to be more challenging. In the host, cancer cells evade immunologic regulation by multiple [...] Read more.
Prophylactic vaccination against infectious diseases is one of the most successful public health measures of our lifetime. More recently, therapeutic vaccination against established diseases such as cancer has proven to be more challenging. In the host, cancer cells evade immunologic regulation by multiple means, including altering the antigens expressed on their cell surface or recruiting inflammatory cells that repress immune surveillance. Nevertheless, recent clinical data suggest that two classes of antigens show efficacy for the development of anticancer vaccines: tumor-associated antigens and neoantigens. In addition, many different vaccines derived from antigens based on cellular, peptide/protein, and genomic components are in development to establish their efficacy in cancer therapy. Some vaccines have shown promising results, which may lead to favorable outcomes when combined with standard therapeutic approaches. This review provides an overview of the innate and adaptive immune systems, their interactions with cancer cells, and the development of various different vaccines for use in anticancer therapeutics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic Vaccine against Cancer)
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19 pages, 1190 KiB  
Review
Cancer Vaccines for Genitourinary Tumors: Recent Progresses and Future Possibilities
by Brigida Anna Maiorano, Giovanni Schinzari, Davide Ciardiello, Maria Grazia Rodriquenz, Antonio Cisternino, Giampaolo Tortora and Evaristo Maiello
Vaccines 2021, 9(6), 623; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060623 - 09 Jun 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3343
Abstract
Background: In the last years, many new treatment options have widened the therapeutic scenario of genitourinary malignancies. Immunotherapy has shown efficacy, especially in the urothelial and renal cell carcinomas, with no particular relevance in prostate cancer. However, despite the use of immune checkpoint [...] Read more.
Background: In the last years, many new treatment options have widened the therapeutic scenario of genitourinary malignancies. Immunotherapy has shown efficacy, especially in the urothelial and renal cell carcinomas, with no particular relevance in prostate cancer. However, despite the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, there is still high morbidity and mortality among these neoplasms. Cancer vaccines represent another way to activate the immune system. We sought to summarize the most recent advances in vaccine therapy for genitourinary malignancies with this review. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Database for clinical trials conducted in the last ten years, focusing on cancer vaccines in the prostate, urothelial and renal cancer. Results: Various therapeutic vaccines, including DNA-based, RNA-based, peptide-based, dendritic cells, viral vectors and modified tumor cells, have been demonstrated to induce specific immune responses in a variable percentage of patients. However, these responses rarely corresponded to significant survival improvements. Conclusions: Further preclinical and clinical studies will improve the knowledge about cancer vaccines in genitourinary malignancies to optimize dosage, select targets with a driver role for tumor development and growth, and finally overcome resistance mechanisms. Combination strategies represent possibly more effective and long-lasting treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic Vaccine against Cancer)
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