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Vaccines
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Immune Response and Vaccination Effectiveness against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
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Immune Response and Vaccination Effectiveness against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Vaccination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 2686

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Pere-Joan Cardona

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
Interests: vaccines; immunotherapy; immunopathology; experimental modeling; tuberculosis; infectious diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tuberculosis is still a major challenge for both humans and animals. BCG, the only vaccine that is currently available on the market, was designed 100 years ago. The lack of correlates of protection is one of the major hallmarks hampering any quick and feasible development. There is a need for a better understanding of the natural history of TB in order to design reliable biomarkers. This should include not only ad hoc clinical trials considering the One Health approach, but also information obtained from contact studies, including WGS from M. tuberculosis strains for better surveillance, to evaluate natural mechanisms of protection against active TB. On the other hand, new candidates for both human and animal protection must fill the pipeline, so there is a need for new candidates, better experimental models for testing them, and the design of new tools (including in silico) to optimize clinical trials.

Prof. Dr. Pere-Joan Cardona
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • tuberculosis
  • vaccine
  • immunotherapy
  • immunomodulation
  • biomarkers
  • immunopathology
  • correlates of protection
  • antibodies
  • T cells
  • Tregs

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 7208 KiB  
Article
IV BCG Vaccination and Aerosol BCG Revaccination Induce Mycobacteria-Responsive γδ T Cells Associated with Protective Efficacy against M. tb Challenge
by Alexandra L. Morrison, Charlotte Sarfas, Laura Sibley, Jessica Williams, Adam Mabbutt, Mike J. Dennis, Steve Lawrence, Andrew D. White, Mark Bodman-Smith and Sally A. Sharpe
Vaccines 2023, 11(10), 1604; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11101604 - 17 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1411
Abstract
Intravenously (IV) delivered BCG provides superior tuberculosis (TB) protection compared with the intradermal (ID) route in non-human primates (NHPs). We examined how γδ T cell responses changed in vivo after IV BCG vaccination of NHPs, and whether these correlated with protection against aerosol [...] Read more.
Intravenously (IV) delivered BCG provides superior tuberculosis (TB) protection compared with the intradermal (ID) route in non-human primates (NHPs). We examined how γδ T cell responses changed in vivo after IV BCG vaccination of NHPs, and whether these correlated with protection against aerosol M. tuberculosis challenge. In the circulation, Vδ2 T cell populations expanded after IV BCG vaccination, from a median of 1.5% (range: 0.8–2.3) of the CD3+ population at baseline, to 5.3% (range: 1.4–29.5) 4 weeks after M. tb, and were associated with TB protection. This protection was related to effector and central memory profiles; homing markers; and production of IFN-γ, TNF-α and granulysin. In comparison, Vδ2 cells did not expand after ID BCG, but underwent phenotypic and functional changes. When Vδ2 responses in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were compared between routes, IV BCG vaccination resulted in highly functional mucosal Vδ2 cells, whereas ID BCG did not. We sought to explore whether an aerosol BCG boost following ID BCG vaccination could induce a γδ profile comparable to that induced with IV BCG. We found evidence that the aerosol BCG boost induced significant changes in the Vδ2 phenotype and function in cells isolated from the BAL. These results indicate that Vδ2 population frequency, activation and function are characteristic features of responses induced with IV BCG, and the translation of responses from the circulation to the site of infection could be a limiting factor in the response induced following ID BCG. An aerosol boost was able to localise activated Vδ2 populations at the mucosal surfaces of the lung. This vaccine strategy warrants further investigation to boost the waning human ID BCG response. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Response and Vaccination Effectiveness against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection)
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15 pages, 2408 KiB  
Article
CXCR3 Provides a Competitive Advantage for Retention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells Following a Mucosal Tuberculosis Vaccine
by Ellis Armitage, Diana Quan, Manuela Flórido, Umaimainthan Palendira, James A. Triccas and Warwick J. Britton
Vaccines 2023, 11(10), 1549; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11101549 - 29 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 985
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major human pathogen, and new vaccines are needed to prevent transmission. Mucosal vaccination may confer protection against M. tuberculosis by stimulating tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD4+ T cells in the lungs. The chemokine receptor CXCR3 promotes lung [...] Read more.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major human pathogen, and new vaccines are needed to prevent transmission. Mucosal vaccination may confer protection against M. tuberculosis by stimulating tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD4+ T cells in the lungs. The chemokine receptor CXCR3 promotes lung recruitment of T cells, but its role in TRM development is unknown. This study demonstrates the recombinant influenza A virus vaccine PR8.p25, expressing the immunodominant M. tuberculosis T cell epitope p25, induces CXCR3 expression on p25-specific CD4+ T cells in the lungs so that the majority of vaccine-induced CD4+ TRM expresses CXCR3 at 6 weeks. However, CXCR3−/− mice developed equivalent antigen-specific CD4+ T cell responses to wild-type (WT) mice following PR8.p25, and surprisingly retained more p25-specific CD4+ TRM in the lungs than WT mice at 6 weeks. The adoptive transfer of CXCR3−/− and WT P25 T cells into WT mice revealed that the initial recruitment of vaccine-induced CD4+ T cells into the lungs was independent of CXCR3, but by 6 weeks, CXCR3-deficient P25 T cells, and especially CXCR3−/− TRM, were significantly reduced compared to CXCR3-sufficient P25 T cells. Therefore, although CXCR3 was not essential for CD4+ TRM recruitment or retention, it provided a competitive advantage for the induction of M. tuberculosis-specific CD4+ TRM in the lungs following pulmonary immunization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Response and Vaccination Effectiveness against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection)
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