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Vaccines
Special Issues
The Role of B Cells and Antibodies against Infectious Diseases
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The Role of B Cells and Antibodies against Infectious Diseases

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2024 | Viewed by 1646

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Qiao Wang

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Guest Editor
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, No. 131 Dong An Street, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
Interests: hepatitis B virus; SARS-CoV-2 and coronaviruses; infectious diseases; human antibody response; B lymphocyte; broadly neutralizing antibodies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Specificity, diversity, and memory are three key characteristics of our adaptive immune system. Confronting a world of infectious diseases, B lymphocytes in our immune system provide essential mechanisms of protection. A highly diversified antibody repertoire constructed by V(D)J recombination in mature B cells, high affinity antibodies evolved within germinal center B cells, broadly neutralizing antibodies abundantly secreted by long-lived plasma cells, and immunosurveillance provided by the patrolling memory B cells in the circulation systematically build up the immune defense against numerous infectious pathogens. During the past few decades, research on B cell immunology has led to a revolution in our understanding of B cell development and immunity against infections and vaccinations. Numerous monoclonal antibodies are also isolated from sorted single B cells to combat infectious diseases. However, we still face many challenges: how can we increase the breadth of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and HIV; how can we extend vaccine efficacy to provide a longer-lasting protection; and how can we identify clinically significant antibodies for the prevention and treatment of viral infections? 

In this Special Issue, we focus on the role of B cells and antibodies against various infectious diseases, monoclonal antibody therapeutics, B cells and antibody responses after vaccination, and also the related B cell development, maturation and apoptosis. We seek contributions of original research and review articles.

Dr. Qiao Wang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 1544 KiB  
Article
Longitudinal Analysis of Humoral and Cellular Immune Response up to 6 Months after SARS-CoV-2 BA.5/BF.7/XBB Breakthrough Infection and BA.5/BF.7-XBB Reinfection
by Xun Wang, Meng Zhang, Kaifeng Wei, Chen Li, Jinghui Yang, Shujun Jiang, Chaoyue Zhao, Xiaoyu Zhao, Rui Qiao, Yuchen Cui, Yanjia Chen, Jiayan Li, Guonan Cai, Changyi Liu, Jizhen Yu, Wenhong Zhang, Faren Xie, Pengfei Wang and Yanliang Zhang
Vaccines 2024, 12(5), 464; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050464 - 26 Apr 2024
Viewed by 243
Abstract
The rapid mutation of SARS-CoV-2 has led to multiple rounds of large-scale breakthrough infection and reinfection worldwide. However, the dynamic changes of humoral and cellular immunity responses to several subvariants after infection remain unclear. In our study, a 6-month longitudinal immune response evaluation [...] Read more.
The rapid mutation of SARS-CoV-2 has led to multiple rounds of large-scale breakthrough infection and reinfection worldwide. However, the dynamic changes of humoral and cellular immunity responses to several subvariants after infection remain unclear. In our study, a 6-month longitudinal immune response evaluation was conducted on 118 sera and 50 PBMC samples from 49 healthy individuals who experienced BA.5/BF.7/XBB breakthrough infection or BA.5/BF.7-XBB reinfection. By studying antibody response, memory B cell, and IFN-γ secreting CD4+/CD8+ T cell response to several SARS-CoV-2 variants, we observed that each component of immune response exhibited distinct kinetics. Either BA.5/BF.7/XBB breakthrough infection or BA.5/BF.7-XBB reinfection induces relatively high level of binding and neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron subvariants at an early time point, which rapidly decreases over time. Most of the individuals at 6 months post-breakthrough infection completely lost their neutralizing activities against BQ.1.1, CH.1.1, BA.2.86, JN.1 and XBB subvariants. Individuals with BA.5/BF.7-XBB reinfection exhibit immune imprinting shifting and recall pre-existing BA.5/BF.7 neutralization antibodies. In the BA.5 breakthrough infection group, the frequency of BA.5 and XBB.1.16-RBD specific memory B cells, resting memory B cells, and intermediate memory B cells gradually increased over time. On the other hand, the frequency of IFN-γ secreting CD4+/CD8+ T cells induced by WT/BA.5/XBB.1.16 spike trimer remains stable over time. Overall, our research indicates that individuals with breakthrough infection have rapidly declining antibody levels but have a relatively stable cellular immunity that can provide some degree of protection from future exposure to new antigens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of B Cells and Antibodies against Infectious Diseases)
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15 pages, 2233 KiB  
Article
Adjuvanted Vaccine Induces Functional Antibodies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Filamentous Bacteriophages
by Valery C. Román-Cruz, Shannon M. Miller, Roman A. Schoener, Chase Lukasiewicz, Amelia K. Schmidt, Blair L. DeBuysscher, David Burkhart, Patrick R. Secor and Jay T. Evans
Vaccines 2024, 12(2), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12020115 - 24 Jan 2024
Viewed by 952
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa), a WHO priority 1 pathogen, resulted in approximately 559,000 deaths globally in 2019. Pa has a multitude of host-immune evasion strategies that enhance Pa virulence. Most clinical isolates of Pa are infected by a phage called Pf that [...] Read more.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa), a WHO priority 1 pathogen, resulted in approximately 559,000 deaths globally in 2019. Pa has a multitude of host-immune evasion strategies that enhance Pa virulence. Most clinical isolates of Pa are infected by a phage called Pf that has the ability to misdirect the host-immune response and provide structural integrity to biofilms. Previous studies demonstrate that vaccination against the coat protein (CoaB) of Pf4 virions can assist in the clearance of Pa from the dorsal wound model in mice. Here, a consensus peptide was derived from CoaB and conjugated to cross-reacting material 197 (CRM197). This conjugate was adjuvanted with a novel synthetic Toll-like receptor agonist (TLR) 4 agonist, INI-2002, and used to vaccinate mice. Mice vaccinated with CoaB-CRM conjugate and INI-2002 developed high anti-CoaB peptide-specific IgG antibody titers. Direct binding of the peptide-specific antibodies to whole-phage virus particles was demonstrated by ELISA. Furthermore, a functional assay demonstrated that antibodies generated from vaccinated mice disrupted the replicative cycle of Pf phages. The use of an adjuvanted phage vaccine targeting Pa is an innovative vaccine strategy with the potential to become a new tool targeting multi-drug-resistant Pa infections in high-risk populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of B Cells and Antibodies against Infectious Diseases)
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