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Vaccines
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Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination
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Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "COVID-19 Vaccines and Vaccination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 8947

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Nicolas Vignier

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Haliatus universitaires Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, IAME Inserm UMR 1137125 route de Stalingrad, 93000 Bobigny, France
2. UFR SMBH, Faculté de Médecine, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93000 Bobigny, France
Interests: vaccine; social determinants; infectious diseases; tropical medicine; social inequalities in health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Vaccination against COVID-19 is a global issue. Both the inhabitants of rich countries, as well as their vulnerable populations, and those of emerging countries have been and are concerned. Intrinsic and extrinsic barriers may have been encountered.

Apart from effective access to and cost of vaccinations, a wide range of determinants may have impacted the effective distribution of COVID-19 vaccination and its boosters. In this Special Issue, we invite you to submit your work on the determinants of COVID-19 vaccination for evaluation. In particular, work that sheds light on the effect of social or geographical determinants, and on vaccine hesitancy would be appreciated. This Special Issue aims to make a useful contribution to understanding the determinants of vaccination in order to prepare for future health crises.

Dr. Nicolas Vignier
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • COVID-19
  • vaccines
  • uptake
  • healthcare access
  • vaccine hesitancy
  • social determinants
  • inequalities

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 474 KiB  
Article
COVID-19 Vaccination Actual Uptake and Potential Inequalities Due to Socio-Demographic Characteristics: A Population-Based Study in the Umbria Region, Italy
by Chiara Primieri, Manuela Chiavarini, Irene Giacchetta, Chiara de Waure and Carla Bietta
Vaccines 2023, 11(8), 1351; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081351 - 09 Aug 2023
Viewed by 788
Abstract
Socio-demographic factors are responsible for health inequalities also in vaccination. The aim of this study was to evaluate their role at the population level through a population-based study performed on the whole population entitled to receive COVID-19 vaccines in the Umbria Region, Italy, [...] Read more.
Socio-demographic factors are responsible for health inequalities also in vaccination. The aim of this study was to evaluate their role at the population level through a population-based study performed on the whole population entitled to receive COVID-19 vaccines in the Umbria Region, Italy, and registered to the Regional Healthcare Service as of 28 February 2021. Socio-demographic characteristics and vaccination status in terms of uptake of at least one dose of any available vaccine, completion of the primary vaccination cycle and uptake of the booster doses as of 28 February 2022 were collected from the Umbria regional database. The percentage of eligible population who did not initiate the COVID-19 vaccination, complete the full vaccination cycle and get the booster dose was 11.8%, 1.2% and 21.5%, respectively. A younger age, being a non-Italian citizen, and not holding an exemption for chronic disease/disability and a GP/FP were associated with all the endpoints. Females, as compared to males, were more likely to not initiate the vaccination but less likely to not receive the booster dose. On the contrary, the findings did not show a significant association between the deprivation index and the vaccine uptake. The findings, beyond confirming current knowledge at the population level, provide new inputs for better tailoring vaccination campaigns. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination)
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13 pages, 1200 KiB  
Article
Geographic and Socioeconomic Determinants of Full Coverage COVID-19 Vaccination in Peru: Findings from a National Population-Based Study
by Akram Hernández-Vásquez, Rodrigo Vargas-Fernández and Carlos Rojas-Roque
Vaccines 2023, 11(7), 1195; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071195 - 03 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1364
Abstract
Despite the fact that vaccination coverage against COVID-19 has made great progress in Peru, there is still a quarter of the population that has not been fully vaccinated. This study aims to determine the factors associated with complete vaccination in Peruvian adults. An [...] Read more.
Despite the fact that vaccination coverage against COVID-19 has made great progress in Peru, there is still a quarter of the population that has not been fully vaccinated. This study aims to determine the factors associated with complete vaccination in Peruvian adults. An analysis of the National Household Survey 2022 in Peru was performed. Prevalence ratios with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated to assess the factors associated with vaccination with three or more doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. A total of 58,471 participants were included in the study and 75.8% of the surveyed population were found to have received full vaccination. Significant differences in complete coverage were observed according to sex, age, educational level, ethnicity, poverty status, and geographic location. In the adjusted analysis, individuals aged 60 years or older, those with higher educational attainment, the non-poor, and those living in urban areas were more likely to be fully vaccinated. Native individuals and people who live in households without media are less likely to be fully covered. These results highlight the importance of considering demographic and socioeconomic factors when analyzing COVID-19 vaccination coverage. Additional strategies are needed to address vaccination gaps and ensure better vaccination coverage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination)
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15 pages, 594 KiB  
Article
COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage in India: A District-Level Analysis
by Sandip K. Agarwal and Maharnab Naha
Vaccines 2023, 11(5), 948; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11050948 - 05 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1795
Abstract
India implemented the largest COVID-19 vaccination drive in the world, through which it vaccinated the majority of its population. Lessons from the Indian COVID-19 vaccination experience can be invaluable for other LMICs as well as for preparedness for future outbreaks. Our study is [...] Read more.
India implemented the largest COVID-19 vaccination drive in the world, through which it vaccinated the majority of its population. Lessons from the Indian COVID-19 vaccination experience can be invaluable for other LMICs as well as for preparedness for future outbreaks. Our study is designed to explore the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination coverage in India at the district level. We used data from COVID-19 vaccination in India combined with several other administrative data to create a unique data set that facilitated a spatio–temporal exploratory analysis by uncovering the factors associated with vaccination rates across different vaccination phases and districts. We found evidence that past reported infection rates were positively correlated with COVID-19 vaccination outcomes. Past cumulative COVID-19 deaths as a proportion of district populations were associated with lower COVID-19 vaccination, but the percentage of past reported infection was positively correlated with first-dose COVID-19 vaccination, which might indicate a positive role of higher awareness created by a higher reported infection rate. Districts that on average had a higher population burden per health centre were likely to have lower COVID-19 vaccination rates. Vaccination rates were lower in rural areas relative to urban areas, whereas the association with literacy rate was positive. Districts with a higher percentage of children with complete immunisation were associated with higher COVID-19 vaccination, whereas low vaccination was observed in districts that had higher percentages of wasted children. COVID-19 vaccination was lower among pregnant and lactating women. Higher vaccination was observed among populations with higher blood pressure and hypertension (which were a few of the co–morbidities associated with COVID-19 infection). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination)
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11 pages, 241 KiB  
Article
Demographic and Psychosocial Correlates of COVID-19 Vaccination Status among a Statewide Sample in Texas
by Justin M. Luningham, Idara N. Akpan, Tanjila Taskin, Sarah Alkhatib, Jamboor K. Vishwanatha and Erika L. Thompson
Vaccines 2023, 11(4), 848; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040848 - 15 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1190
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been a global public health concern since early 2020 and has required local and state-level responses in the United States. There were several Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved vaccines available for the prevention of COVID-19 as of August [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic has been a global public health concern since early 2020 and has required local and state-level responses in the United States. There were several Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved vaccines available for the prevention of COVID-19 as of August 2022, yet not all states have achieved high vaccination coverage. Texas is a particularly unique state with a history of opposing vaccination mandates, as well as a large and ethnically/racially diverse population. This study explored the demographic and psychosocial correlates of COVID-19 vaccinations among a statewide sample in Texas. A quota sample of 1089 individuals was surveyed online from June–July 2022. The primary outcome in this study was COVID-19 vaccination status (fully vaccinated, partially vaccinated, or unvaccinated) and included independent variables related to demographics, COVID-19 infection/vaccine attitudes and beliefs, and challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Hispanic/Latinx individuals were more likely than non-Hispanic White individuals to be partially vaccinated as opposed to unvaccinated. Higher education levels and confidence that the FDA would ensure a safe COVID-19 vaccine were strongly associated with a higher likelihood of being fully vaccinated. In addition, some challenges brought on by the pandemic and concerns about becoming infected or infecting others were associated with a higher likelihood of being partially or fully vaccinated. These findings emphasize the need to further investigate the interaction between individual and contextual factors in improving COVID-19 vaccination rates, especially among vulnerable and disadvantaged populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination)
11 pages, 276 KiB  
Article
Intention to Vaccinate against COVID-19 among Young Adults: The Role of Conspiratorial Thinking
by Ivana Hromatko, Una Mikac and Meri Tadinac
Vaccines 2023, 11(2), 321; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020321 - 31 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1139
Abstract
The anti-scientific and anti-vaccine movements gained momentum amidst the health and socio-economic crisis brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. These widespread pseudoscientific beliefs and the endorsement of conspiracy theories likely contributed to the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The aim of this study was to [...] Read more.
The anti-scientific and anti-vaccine movements gained momentum amidst the health and socio-economic crisis brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. These widespread pseudoscientific beliefs and the endorsement of conspiracy theories likely contributed to the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The aim of this study was to explore which variables best differentiated between groups of vaccinated (n = 289), vaccine-hesitant (n = 106), and vaccine-refusing (n = 146) young adults. The study was conducted online at the beginning of the mass vaccination campaign in Croatia when the vaccine just became available for younger and non-vulnerable members of the general population. The demographic variables, COVID-19 anxiety, and conspiratorial thinking regarding COVID-19 were entered into the discriminant analysis. The function explaining 89.2% of the group differences, mostly between the vaccinated and vaccine-refusing, was largely defined by conspiratorial thinking regarding COVID-19 (0.852), followed by variables with substantially less discriminative power, including COVID-19 anxiety (0.423; lower in the vaccine-refusing group), political orientation (0.486; vaccine-refusing leaning less to the left), financial and educational status (0.435 and 0.304, respectively; both lower in the vaccine-refusing group), and religiosity (0.301; higher in the vaccine-refusing group). These results confirm that among young adults, the decision to vaccinate against COVID-19 might be heavily influenced by one’s proclivity to engage in conspiratorial thinking. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination)
17 pages, 1661 KiB  
Article
Factors Influencing COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Patients with Serious Chronic Illnesses during the Initial Australian Vaccine Rollout: A Multi-Centre Qualitative Analysis Using the Health Belief Model
by Tammie Choi, Bryan Chan, Lisa Grech, Alastair Kwok, Kate Webber, Jennifer Wong, Mike Nguyen, Nathan Bain, Daphne Day, Amelia McCartney, Ruby Hamer, Eva Segelov and on behalf of the CANVACCS DIABVACCS and MSVACCS Investigators
Vaccines 2023, 11(2), 239; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020239 - 20 Jan 2023
Viewed by 2148
Abstract
Background: People with chronic illnesses have increased morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 infection. The influence of a person’s serious and/or comorbid chronic illness on COVID-19 vaccine uptake is not well understood. Aim: To undertake an in-depth exploration of factors influencing [...] Read more.
Background: People with chronic illnesses have increased morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 infection. The influence of a person’s serious and/or comorbid chronic illness on COVID-19 vaccine uptake is not well understood. Aim: To undertake an in-depth exploration of factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine uptake among those with various serious and/or chronic diseases in the Australian context, using secondary data analysis of a survey study. Methods: Adults with cancer, diabetes and multiple sclerosis (MS) were recruited from 10 Australian health services to undertake a cross-sectional online survey (30 June to 5 October 2021) about COVID-19 vaccine uptake, vaccine hesitancy, confidence and complacency and disease-related decision-making impact. Free-text responses were invited regarding thoughts and feelings about the interaction between the participant’s disease, COVID-19, and vaccination. Qualitative thematic analysis was undertaken using an iterative process and representative verbatim quotes were chosen to illustrate the themes. Results: Of 4683 survey responses (cancer 3560, diabetes 842, and MS 281), 1604 (34.3%) included free-text comments for qualitative analysis. Participants who provided these were significantly less likely to have received a COVID-19 vaccination than those who did not comment (72.4% and 86.2%, respectively). People with diabetes were significantly less likely to provide free-text comments than those with cancer or MS (29.0%, 35.1% and 39.9%, respectively). Four key themes were identified from qualitative analysis, which were similar across disease states: (1) having a chronic disease heightened perceived susceptibility to and perceived severity of COVID-19; (2) perceived impact of vaccination on chronic disease management and disease-related safety; (3) uncertain benefits of COVID-19 vaccine; and (4) overwhelming information overload disempowering patients. Conclusions: This qualitative analysis highlights an additional layer of complexity related to COVID-19 vaccination decision making in people with underlying health conditions. Appreciation of higher susceptibility to severe COVID-19 outcomes appears to be weighed against uncertain impacts of the vaccine on the progression and management of the comorbid disease. Interactions by clinicians addressing individual factors may alleviate concerns and maximise vaccine uptake in people with significant underlying health conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination)
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