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Vaccines
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Advances in the Use of Nanoparticles for Vaccine Platform Development
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Advances in the Use of Nanoparticles for Vaccine Platform Development

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccine Adjuvants".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 7212

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Imran Saleem

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
Interests: nanomedicine; nanoparticle toxicology; nanocarriers for pulmonary/nasal delivery (small molecules and macromolecules/vaccines); smart responsive nanocarriers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vaccination has been successful in the prevention, management, and treatment of communicable and some non-communicable diseases worldwide. With the greater understanding of immunology and advancements in molecular biology, the development of new vaccine candidates, such as nucleic acids (mRNA/DNA), or the incorporation of only certain components of pathogens (subunit vaccines) have resulted in more effective vaccines inducing specific immune responses, with reduced side effects. However, the new-generation vaccines also induce lower immunogenicity. Hence, nanoparticle-based formulations, such as polymeric, virosomes, and lipid nanoparticles, help in the induction of sufficient immune responses. These nanoparticle vaccine platform delivery systems protect vaccine candidates, improve stability, prevent degradation, and offer adjuvant properties enhancing immunogenicity and targeting antigen presenting cells (APCs). Furthermore, they help in eliciting innate, humoral, cellular, or mucosal immune response and can be administered through various routes. As we develop these nanoparticle-based vaccine delivery systems, there are also advancements in the methods of reproducible and scalable manufacture. Moreover, activation of dendritic cells, tumor immunotherapy, and use of biomimetic nanoparticles open new possibilities for the fight against infectious diseases, cancer, and other complex diseases.

This Special Issue welcomes original research and review articles focusing on the preclinical and clinical development of advanced nanoparticle delivery systems composed of liposomes and lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, virus-like particles, self-assembled proteins, biomimetic nanoparticles, and other nanoparticles, including carbon-based nanoparticles (carbon nanotubes and graphenes) to trigger specific immune responses and immunological memory for human and veterinary use.

Prof. Dr. Imran Saleem
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanoparticles
  • vaccine
  • immunotherapy
  • subunit vaccine
  • RNA vaccine
  • adjuvant
  • nanotechnology

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 1821 KiB  
Article
Characterization of the Efficacy of a Split Swine Influenza A Virus Nasal Vaccine Formulated with a Nanoparticle/STING Agonist Combination Adjuvant in Conventional Pigs
by Veerupaxagouda Patil, Juan F. Hernandez-Franco, Ganesh Yadagiri, Dina Bugybayeva, Sara Dolatyabi, Ninoshkaly Feliciano-Ruiz, Jennifer Schrock, Raksha Suresh, Juliette Hanson, Hadi Yassine, Harm HogenEsch and Gourapura J. Renukaradhya
Vaccines 2023, 11(11), 1707; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11111707 - 10 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1369
Abstract
Swine influenza A viruses (SwIAVs) are pathogens of both veterinary and medical significance. Intranasal (IN) vaccination has the potential to reduce flu infection. We investigated the efficacy of split SwIAV H1N2 antigens adsorbed with a plant origin nanoparticle adjuvant [Nano11–SwIAV] or in combination [...] Read more.
Swine influenza A viruses (SwIAVs) are pathogens of both veterinary and medical significance. Intranasal (IN) vaccination has the potential to reduce flu infection. We investigated the efficacy of split SwIAV H1N2 antigens adsorbed with a plant origin nanoparticle adjuvant [Nano11–SwIAV] or in combination with a STING agonist ADU-S100 [NanoS100–SwIAV]. Conventional pigs were vaccinated via IN and challenged with a heterologous SwIAV H1N1-OH7 or 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus. Immunologically, in NanoS100–SwIAV vaccinates, we observed enhanced frequencies of activated monocytes in the blood of the pandemic virus challenged animals and in tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLN) of H1N1-OH7 challenged animals. In both groups of the virus challenged pigs, increased frequencies of IL-17A+ and CD49d+IL-17A+ cytotoxic lymphocytes were observed in Nano11–SwIAV vaccinates in the draining TBLN. Enhanced frequency of CD49d+IFNγ+ CTLs in the TBLN and blood of both the Nano11-based SwIAV vaccinates was observed. Animals vaccinated with both Nano11-based vaccines had upregulated cross-reactive secretory IgA in the lungs and serum IgG against heterologous and heterosubtypic viruses. However, in NanoS100–SwIAV vaccinates, a slight early reduction in the H1N1 pandemic virus and a late reduction in the SwIAV H1N1-OH7 load in the nasal passages were detected. Hence, despite vast genetic differences between the vaccine and both the challenge viruses, IN vaccination with NanoS100–SwIAV induced antigen-specific moderate levels of cross-protective immune responses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Use of Nanoparticles for Vaccine Platform Development)
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14 pages, 3296 KiB  
Article
Circularized Nanodiscs for Multivalent Mosaic Display of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Antigens
by Moustafa T. Mabrouk, Asmaa A. Zidan, Nihal Aly, Mostafa T. Mohammed, Fadi Ghantous, Michael S. Seaman, Jonathan F. Lovell and Mahmoud L. Nasr
Vaccines 2023, 11(11), 1655; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11111655 - 28 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1630
Abstract
The emergence of vaccine-evading SARS-CoV-2 variants urges the need for vaccines that elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Here, we assess covalently circularized nanodiscs decorated with recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins from several variants for eliciting bnAbs with vaccination. Cobalt porphyrin–phospholipid (CoPoP) was incorporated into [...] Read more.
The emergence of vaccine-evading SARS-CoV-2 variants urges the need for vaccines that elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Here, we assess covalently circularized nanodiscs decorated with recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins from several variants for eliciting bnAbs with vaccination. Cobalt porphyrin–phospholipid (CoPoP) was incorporated into the nanodisc to allow for anchoring and functional orientation of spike trimers on the nanodisc surface through their His-tag. Monophosphoryl-lipid (MPLA) and QS-21 were incorporated as immunostimulatory adjuvants to enhance vaccine responses. Following optimization of nanodisc assembly, spike proteins were effectively displayed on the surface of the nanodiscs and maintained their conformational capacity for binding with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) as verified using electron microscopy and slot blot assay, respectively. Six different formulations were prepared where they contained mono antigens; four from the year 2020 (WT, Beta, Lambda, and Delta) and two from the year 2021 (Omicron BA.1 and BA.2). Additionally, we prepared a mosaic nanodisc displaying the four spike proteins from year 2020. Intramuscular vaccination of CD-1 female mice with the mosaic nanodisc induced antibody responses that not only neutralized matched pseudo-typed viruses, but also neutralized mismatched pseudo-typed viruses corresponding to later variants from year 2021 (Omicron BA.1 and BA.2). Interestingly, sera from mosaic-immunized mice did not effectively inhibit Omicron spike binding to human ACE-2, suggesting that some of the elicited antibodies were directed towards conserved neutralizing epitopes outside the receptor binding domain. Our results show that mosaic nanodisc vaccine displaying spike proteins from 2020 can elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies that can neutralize mismatched viruses from a following year, thus decreasing immune evasion of new emerging variants and enhancing healthcare preparedness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Use of Nanoparticles for Vaccine Platform Development)
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16 pages, 2996 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Optimization of Next-Generation Low-Molecular-Weight Pentablock Copolymer Nanoadjuvants
by Alaric C. Siddoway, Brianna M. White, Balaji Narasimhan and Surya K. Mallapragada
Vaccines 2023, 11(10), 1572; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11101572 - 09 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1028
Abstract
Polymeric nanomaterials such as Pluronic®-based pentablock copolymers offer important advantages over traditional vaccine adjuvants and have been increasingly investigated in an effort to develop more efficacious vaccines. Previous work with Pluronic® F127-based pentablock copolymers, functionalized with poly(diethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEM) [...] Read more.
Polymeric nanomaterials such as Pluronic®-based pentablock copolymers offer important advantages over traditional vaccine adjuvants and have been increasingly investigated in an effort to develop more efficacious vaccines. Previous work with Pluronic® F127-based pentablock copolymers, functionalized with poly(diethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEM) blocks, demonstrated adjuvant capabilities through the antigen presentation and crosslinking of B cell receptors. In this work, we describe the synthesis and optimization of a new family of low-molecular-weight Pluronic®-based pentablock copolymer nanoadjuvants with high biocompatibility and improved adjuvanticity at low doses. We synthesized low-molecular-weight Pluronic® P123-based pentablock copolymers with PDEAEM blocks and investigated the relationship between polymer concentration, micellar size, and zeta potential, and measured the release kinetics of a model antigen, ovalbumin, from these nanomaterials. The Pluronic® P123-based pentablock copolymer nanoadjuvants showed higher biocompatibility than the first-generation Pluronic® F127-based pentablock copolymer nanoadjuvants. We assessed the adjuvant capabilities of the ovalbumin-containing Pluronic® P123-based pentablock copolymer-based nanovaccines in mice, and showed that animals immunized with these nanovaccines elicited high antibody titers, even when used at significantly reduced doses compared to Pluronic® F127-based pentablock copolymers. Collectively, these studies demonstrate the synthesis, self-assembly, biocompatibility, and adjuvant properties of a new family of low-molecular-weight Pluronic® P123-based pentablock copolymer nanomaterials, with the added benefits of more efficient renal clearance, high biocompatibility, and enhanced adjuvanticity at low polymer concentrations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Use of Nanoparticles for Vaccine Platform Development)
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19 pages, 3643 KiB  
Article
Combined Live Oral Priming and Intramuscular Boosting Regimen with Rotarix® and a Nanoparticle-Based Trivalent Rotavirus Vaccine Evaluated in Gnotobiotic Pig Models of G4P[6] and G1P[8] Human Rotavirus Infection
by Casey Hensley, Charlotte Nyblade, Peng Zhou, Viviana Parreño, Ashwin Ramesh, Annie Frazier, Maggie Frazier, Sarah Garrison, Ariana Fantasia-Davis, Ruiqing Cai, Peng-Wei Huang, Ming Xia, Ming Tan and Lijuan Yuan
Vaccines 2023, 11(5), 927; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11050927 - 02 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1987
Abstract
Human rotavirus (HRV) is the causative agent of severe dehydrating diarrhea in children under the age of five, resulting in up to 215,000 deaths each year. These deaths almost exclusively occur in low- and middle-income countries where vaccine efficacy is the lowest due [...] Read more.
Human rotavirus (HRV) is the causative agent of severe dehydrating diarrhea in children under the age of five, resulting in up to 215,000 deaths each year. These deaths almost exclusively occur in low- and middle-income countries where vaccine efficacy is the lowest due to chronic malnutrition, gut dysbiosis, and concurrent enteric viral infection. Parenteral vaccines for HRV are particularly attractive as they avoid many of the concerns associated with currently used live oral vaccines. In this study, a two-dose intramuscular (IM) regimen of the trivalent, nanoparticle-based, nonreplicating HRV vaccine (trivalent S60-VP8*), utilizing the shell (S) domain of the capsid of norovirus as an HRV VP8* antigen display platform, was evaluated for immunogenicity and protective efficacy against P[6] and P[8] HRV using gnotobiotic pig models. A prime–boost strategy using one dose of the oral Rotarix® vaccine, followed by one dose of the IM trivalent nanoparticle vaccine was also evaluated. Both regimens were highly immunogenic in inducing serum virus neutralizing, IgG, and IgA antibodies. The two vaccine regimens failed to confer significant protection against diarrhea; however, the prime–boost regimen significantly shortened the duration of virus shedding in pigs challenged orally with the virulent Wa (G1P[8]) HRV and significantly shortened the mean duration of virus shedding, mean peak titer, and area under the curve of virus shedding after challenge with Arg (G4P[6]) HRV. Prime–boost-vaccinated pigs challenged with P[8] HRV had significantly higher P[8]-specific IgG antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in the spleen post-challenge. Prime–boost-vaccinated pigs challenged with P[6] HRV had significantly higher numbers of P[6]- and P[8]-specific IgG ASCs in the ileum, as well as significantly higher numbers of P[8]-specific IgA ASCs in the spleen post-challenge. These results suggest the promise of and warrant further investigation into the oral priming and parenteral boosting strategy for future HRV vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Use of Nanoparticles for Vaccine Platform Development)
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