African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV): Immunity and Vaccine Development

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 9377

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
Interests: host-pathogen interaction; innate immunity; vaccinology; virology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a causative agent of highly contagious and acute viral hemorrhagic disease; African swine fever (ASF) in domestic swine and wild boars is associated with significantly high mortality. ASFV is the only member of the family Asfaviridae, genus Asfivirus. It is a large, enveloped, and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus that contains a linear DNA genome of 170 to 190 kb with more than 150 open reading frames (ORFs). Unfortunately, since its first description in Kenya in 1921, no commercial vaccines or approved anti-ASFV drugs are currently available. Therefore, the virus is spreading in Africa, Europe, and Asia, especially in China, with devastating social–economic consequences for the development of the swine industry and domestic food security. The unavailability of an applicable ASF vaccine is partly due to the complex nature of the virus, which encodes several proteins associated with immune evasion. Moreover, the incomplete understanding of immune protection determinants of ASFV hampers rational vaccine design. However, scientists work tirelessly to develop promising ASF vaccines, especially live attenuated and DNA vaccines.

This Special Issue of Vaccines aims to contribute to the current knowledge regarding immune evasion mechanisms used by the virus to establish an infection and approaches to vaccine development that are likely to benefit hosts upon subsequent natural infection. Original research articles, review articles, as well as short communications are invited.

Dr. Kiramage Chathuranga
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • African Swine Fever virus
  • ASFV
  • immune evasion
  • vaccines

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Editorial

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5 pages, 507 KiB  
Editorial
African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV): Immunity and Vaccine Development
by Kiramage Chathuranga and Jong-Soo Lee
Vaccines 2023, 11(2), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020199 - 17 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4936
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of the highly contagious disease African swine fever (ASF), which can result in mortality rates of up to 100% in pigs infected by virulent strains [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV): Immunity and Vaccine Development)
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Research

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13 pages, 1831 KiB  
Article
Subsequent Immunization of Pigs with African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) Seroimmunotype IV Vaccine Strain FK-32/135 and by Recombinant Plasmid DNA Containing the CD2v Derived from MK-200 ASFV Seroimmunotype III Strain Does Not Protect from Challenge with ASFV Seroimmunotype III
by Alexey D. Sereda, Anna S. Kazakova, Sanzhi G. Namsrayn, Mikhail E. Vlasov, Irina P. Sindryakova and Denis V. Kolbasov
Vaccines 2023, 11(5), 1007; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11051007 - 21 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1795
Abstract
Understanding the immunological mechanisms of protection and the viral proteins involved in the induction of a protective immune response to the African swine fever virus (ASFV) is still limited. In the last years, the CD2v protein (gp110-140) of the ASFV has been proven [...] Read more.
Understanding the immunological mechanisms of protection and the viral proteins involved in the induction of a protective immune response to the African swine fever virus (ASFV) is still limited. In the last years, the CD2v protein (gp110-140) of the ASFV has been proven to be a serotype-specific protein. Current work is devoted to the investigation of the possibility of creating protection against virulent ASFV strain Mozambique-78 (seroimmunotype III) in pigs previously vaccinated with vaccine strain FK-32/135 (seroimmunotype IV) and then immunized with the pUBB76A_CD2v plasmid, containing a chimeric nucleotide sequence from the CD2v protein gene (EP402R, nucleotides from 49 to 651) from the MK-200 strain (seroimmunotype III). Vaccination with the ASFV vaccine strain FK-32/135 protects pigs from the disease caused by the strain with homologous seroimmunotype—France-32 (seroimmunotype IV). Our attempt to create balanced protection against virulent strain Mozambique-78 (seroimmunotype III) by induction of both humoral factors of immunity (by vaccination with strain FK-32/135 of seroimmunotype IV) and serotype-specific cellular immunity (by immunization with the plasmid pUBB76A_CD2v of seroimmunotype III) was unsuccessful. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV): Immunity and Vaccine Development)
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24 pages, 2574 KiB  
Article
Recombinant African Swine Fever Virus Arm/07/CBM/c2 Lacking CD2v and A238L Is Attenuated and Protects Pigs against Virulent Korean Paju Strain
by Daniel Pérez-Núñez, Sun-Young Sunwoo, Raquel García-Belmonte, Chansong Kim, Gonzalo Vigara-Astillero, Elena Riera, Dae-min Kim, Jiyun Jeong, Dongseob Tark, Young-Seung Ko, Young-Kook You and Yolanda Revilla
Vaccines 2022, 10(12), 1992; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10121992 - 23 Nov 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1722
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an obligated declaration swine disease, provoking farm isolation measures and the closing of affected country boarders. ASF virus (ASFV) is currently the cause of a pandemic across China and Eurasia. By the end of 2019, ASF was detected [...] Read more.
African swine fever (ASF) is an obligated declaration swine disease, provoking farm isolation measures and the closing of affected country boarders. ASF virus (ASFV) is currently the cause of a pandemic across China and Eurasia. By the end of 2019, ASF was detected in nine EU Member States: Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Belgium. The affected area of the EU extended progressively, moving mostly in a southwestern direction (EFSA). Inactivated and/or subunit vaccines have proven to fail since certain virus replication is needed for protection. LAVs are thus the most realistic option, which must be safe, effective and industrially scalable. We here generated a vaccine prototype from the Arm/07/CBM/c2 genotype II strain, in which we have deleted the EP402R (CD2v) and A238L genes by CRISPR/Cas9 in COS-1 cells, without detectable further genetic changes. The successful immunization of pigs has proven this vaccine to be safe and fully protective against the circulating Korean Paju genotype II strain, opening the possibility of a new vaccine on the market in the near future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV): Immunity and Vaccine Development)
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