Tuberculosis Vaccine Research: Inducing Immune Memory and Regulation

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2024 | Viewed by 1409

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
2. Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Interests: tuberculosis subunit vaccine and immune memory

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The purpose of tuberculosis (TB) vaccine immunization is to induce long-term immunological memory that mediates protection from infection. Memory T cells would be expected to be an important correlate of immune protection against TB. It is known that following antigen stimulation, T cells are activated and develop into different subsets including effector T cells (TEFF), effector memory T cells, central memory T cells and tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM), etc.  TEM, TCM and lung TRM were reported to mediate immune protection against M. tuberculosis respiratory infection in tests conducted by different labs. However, their role in vaccine-mediated immune protection is still unclear. More studies are needed to investigate the correlation between memory T cells and protection, especially in the human population. Moreover, there are many factors, including antigens and adjuvants, that play a role in the development of immune memory. The vaccination pathway and schedule also affect the development of immune memory. All these factors need to be explored to improve the protective effects of vaccine immunization for tuberculosis.

Prof. Dr. Bingdong Zhu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • tuberculosis
  • vaccine
  • immune memory

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 1385 KiB  
Article
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Deficient in PdtaS Cytosolic Histidine Kinase Displays Attenuated Growth and Affords Protective Efficacy against Aerosol M. tuberculosis Infection in Mice
by Kelly A. Prendergast, Gayathri Nagalingam, Nicholas P. West and James A. Triccas
Vaccines 2024, 12(1), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12010050 - 02 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1111
Abstract
New control measures are urgently required to control tuberculosis (TB), as the current vaccine, Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG), has had a limited impact on disease spread. The identification of virulence mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an important strategy in vaccine design, as it permits [...] Read more.
New control measures are urgently required to control tuberculosis (TB), as the current vaccine, Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG), has had a limited impact on disease spread. The identification of virulence mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an important strategy in vaccine design, as it permits the development of strains attenuated for growth that may have vaccine potential. In this report, we determined the role of the PdtaS response regulator in M. tuberculosis virulence and defined the vaccine potential of a pdtaS-deficient strain. Deletion of pdtaS (MtbΔpdtaS) resulted in reduced persistence of M. tuberculosis within mouse organs, which was equivalent to the persistence of the BCG vaccine in the lung and liver of infected mice. However, the generation of effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (CD44+CD62LloKLRG1+) was similar between wild-type M. tuberculosis and MtbΔpdtaS and greater than that elicited by BCG. Heightened immunity induced by MtbΔpdtaS compared to BCG was also observed by analysis of antigen-specific IFN-γ-secreting T cell responses induced by vaccination. MtbΔpdtaS displayed improved protection against aerosol M. tuberculosis compared to BCG, which was most apparent in the lung at 20 weeks post-infection. These results suggest that the deletion of the PdtaS response regulator warrants further appraisal as a tool to combat TB in humans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tuberculosis Vaccine Research: Inducing Immune Memory and Regulation)
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