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Vaccines
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Vaccination of Adolescents
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Vaccination of Adolescents

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Vaccines and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2022) | Viewed by 22427

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Rachel Skinner

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Children’s Hospital Westmead, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney Clinical School, Sydney 2000, Australia
Interests: human papillomavirus; adolescence; vaccination of adolescents; school-based vaccination; sexual health
Dr. Cristyn Davies

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Interests: child and adolescent health and development; gender and sexuality; LGBTI health, discrimination, and violence; sexual and reproductive health; comprehensive relationships and sexuality education; human papillomavirus, HPV vaccination and adolescent vaccination; vaccine delivery systems (including standard and microarray patch technology); knowledge translation and implementation science
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Adolescent vaccination has received increased attention since the development of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Global Vaccine Action Plan that sought to extend the benefits of vaccination more equitably beyond childhood to include adolescents. Effective vaccination of adolescents has become increasingly recognized since the introduction of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, which has had a substantial impact on HPV-related disease in some countries. However, globally, there is suboptimal uptake of vaccines for this age group, and access barriers exist. Moving forward, as new vaccines become available for adolescents, equity of access to vaccination in this age group will be increasingly important. 

Evidence for effective strategies to improve adolescent vaccination is still emerging, and there are many gaps. Strategies need to be developed through co-design and multicomponent approaches. Careful evaluation of well-designed health education, program delivery platforms such as school or clinic-based programs, incentives, vaccine mandates, reminders, and consent strategies is needed. We also need to understand the adolescent experience of vaccination and the factors that influence demand and acceptance of adolescent vaccination.

We are seeking high-quality contributions that explore the current landscape of adolescent vaccination and which will assist in setting the agenda to address the challenge of achieving equity of access to vaccination for adolescents.

Prof. Dr. Rachel Skinner
Dr. Cristyn Davies
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • adolescent
  • vaccination
  • school-based vaccination
  • HPV vaccine
  • dTpa/Tdap vaccine
  • meningococcal ACWY
  • meningococcal B
  • COVID-19 vaccine
  • influenza vaccine
  • vaccination catch-up
  • health literacy
  • vaccination acceptance
  • implementation

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 639 KiB  
Article
Stakeholder Perspectives of Australia’s National HPV Vaccination Program
by Caitlin Swift, Aditi Dey, Harunor Rashid, Katrina Clark, Ramesh Manocha, Julia Brotherton and Frank Beard
Vaccines 2022, 10(11), 1976; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111976 - 21 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2470
Abstract
Australia has been a world leader in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and was the first country to implement a fully funded national HPV vaccination program, from 2007 for girls and 2013 for boys. In 2018 the program changed from a 4-valent to 9-valent [...] Read more.
Australia has been a world leader in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and was the first country to implement a fully funded national HPV vaccination program, from 2007 for girls and 2013 for boys. In 2018 the program changed from a 4-valent to 9-valent HPV vaccine and a 3-dose to 2-dose standard schedule. We assessed stakeholder perspectives on factors influencing program outcomes and impact as part of a comprehensive program evaluation. In late 2019 and early 2020, we conducted 26 interviews with 42 key stakeholder participants and received 1513 survey responses from stakeholders including general practice staff and school-based nurse immunisers. Findings included that the 2-dose schedule is better accepted by schools and students and has reduced program cost and resource requirements. However, course completion rates have not increased as much as anticipated due to the 6–12 month dosing interval and reduced opportunities for school-based catch-up vaccination. Major reported barriers to increased vaccine coverage were absenteeism and consent form return. Vaccine hesitancy is not currently a major issue but remains a potential threat to the program. While Australia’s HPV vaccination program is perceived as highly successful, measures to further enhance the program’s impact and mitigate potential threats are important. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination of Adolescents)
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9 pages, 244 KiB  
Article
The Implementation and Impact of a Revised National Childhood Immunization Schedule in an Urban Asian Community
by Ngiap Chuan Tan, Qifan Tan, Wai Keong Aau and Chung Wai Mark Ng
Vaccines 2022, 10(7), 1148; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071148 - 19 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1757
Abstract
Changes to the national childhood immunization schedule (NCIS) can have a potential impact on vaccine uptake in the community. The NCIS in Singapore has undergone several revisions over the years, with the most recent modification on 1 November 2020. The new NCIS includes, [...] Read more.
Changes to the national childhood immunization schedule (NCIS) can have a potential impact on vaccine uptake in the community. The NCIS in Singapore has undergone several revisions over the years, with the most recent modification on 1 November 2020. The new NCIS includes, as routine, the influenza and the varicella vaccine, as well as two combination vaccines, the measles, mumps, rubella and varicella vaccine (MMRV), and the hexavalent diphtheria, acellular pertussis, tetanus, haemophilus influenza b, injectable polio, and hepatitis B vaccine (6-in-1). This retrospective database study aims to assess the effect of the new NCIS on (a) the vaccination uptake of children at 6 and 12 months and (b) the cost difference to the healthcare system and to parents. One-year vaccination data from two cohorts of children immunized according to the old (n = 10,916) and new NCIS (n = 10,299) were extracted, respectively, from their electronic medical records. The vaccine uptake at 6 and 12 months increased by 10.8 and 2.1%, respectively, with the new NCIS as compared to the old NCIS. The mean number of required visits to the primary care clinic for each child was reduced from six to four. There is an estimated 6.41% cost reduction with the new NCIS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination of Adolescents)
14 pages, 1123 KiB  
Article
Vaccine Hesitancy in the Time of COVID-19: Attitudes and Intentions of Teens and Parents Regarding the COVID-19 Vaccine
by Amy B. Middleman, Judy Klein and Jane Quinn
Vaccines 2022, 10(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10010004 - 21 Dec 2021
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 6711
Abstract
To assess attitudes and intentions related to the COVID-19 vaccine during the pandemic, we surveyed adolescents aged 13–18 years and the parents of 13–18-year-olds using national research panels on three occasions or “waves”: before the COVID-19 vaccine was available, after it was available [...] Read more.
To assess attitudes and intentions related to the COVID-19 vaccine during the pandemic, we surveyed adolescents aged 13–18 years and the parents of 13–18-year-olds using national research panels on three occasions or “waves”: before the COVID-19 vaccine was available, after it was available for adults, and after it was available for ages ≥12 years. Data on experiences with COVID-19, the importance of adolescent vaccines, and intentions regarding COVID-19 vaccination were analyzed across time points. We found that parental concerns about vaccine safety significantly increased from Wave 1 to 2. Social media had a negative influence on parents’ and adolescents’ opinions about vaccine safety. Demographic variables were associated with vaccination rates reported in Wave 3, consistent with known inequities related to vaccine access. Parents (70%) were supportive of concomitant COVID-19 vaccination with other adolescent vaccines for teens. It is important to address variables associated with vaccine hesitancy to increase COVID-19 vaccine coverage rates in the US. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination of Adolescents)
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14 pages, 649 KiB  
Article
School-Level Variation in Coverage of Co-Administered dTpa and HPV Dose 1 in Three Australian States
by Cassandra Vujovich-Dunn, Susan Rachel Skinner, Julia Brotherton, Handan Wand, Jana Sisnowski, Rebecca Lorch, Mark Veitch, Vicky Sheppeard, Paul Effler, Heather Gidding, Alison Venn, Cristyn Davies, Jane Hocking, Lisa J. Whop, Julie Leask, Karen Canfell, Lena Sanci, Megan Smith, Melissa Kang, Meredith Temple-Smith, Michael Kidd, Sharyn Burns, Linda Selvey, Dennis Meijer, Sonya Ennis, Chloe A. Thomson, Nikole Lane, John Kaldor and Rebecca Guyadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Vaccines 2021, 9(10), 1202; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101202 - 19 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3046
Abstract
Background: Australian adolescents are routinely offered HPV and dTpa (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) vaccines simultaneously in the secondary school vaccination program. We identified schools where HPV initiation was lower than dTpa coverage and associated school-level factors across three states. Methods: HPV vaccination initiation rates [...] Read more.
Background: Australian adolescents are routinely offered HPV and dTpa (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) vaccines simultaneously in the secondary school vaccination program. We identified schools where HPV initiation was lower than dTpa coverage and associated school-level factors across three states. Methods: HPV vaccination initiation rates and dTpa vaccination coverage in 2016 were calculated using vaccine databases and school enrolment data. A multivariate analysis assessed sociodemographic and school-level factors associated with HPV initiation being >5% absolute lower than dTpa coverage. Results: Of 1280 schools included, the median school-level HPV initiation rate was 85% (interquartile range (IQR):75–90%) and the median dTpa coverage was 86% (IQR:75–92%). Nearly a quarter (24%) of all schools had HPV vaccination initiation >5% lower than dTpa coverage and 11 % had >10% difference. School-level factors independently associated with >5% difference were remote schools (aOR:3.5, 95% CI = 1.7–7.2) and schools in major cities (aOR:1.8, 95% CI = 1.0–3.0), small schools (aOR:3.3, 95% CI = 2.3–5.7), higher socioeconomic advantage (aOR:1.7, 95% CI = 1.1–2.6), and lower proportions of Language-background-other-than-English (aOR:1.9, 95% CI = 1.2–3.0). Conclusion: The results identified a quarter of schools had lower HPV than dTpa initiation coverage, which may indicate HPV vaccine hesitancy, and the difference was more likely in socioeconomically advantaged schools. As hesitancy is context specific, it is important to understand the potential drivers of hesitancy and future research needs to understand the reasons driving differential uptake. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination of Adolescents)
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10 pages, 228 KiB  
Article
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of the Arabic-Speaking Community in Sydney, Australia, toward the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Program: A Qualitative Study
by Faeza Netfa, Catherine King, Cristyn Davies, Harunor Rashid, Mohamed Tashani, Robert Booy and S. Rachel Skinner
Vaccines 2021, 9(9), 940; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090940 - 24 Aug 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3742
Abstract
Background: Little is known about acceptability of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among parents of adolescents from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia. This study aimed to explore the knowledge and attitudes of parents from Arabic backgrounds towards HPV vaccination offered to [...] Read more.
Background: Little is known about acceptability of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among parents of adolescents from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia. This study aimed to explore the knowledge and attitudes of parents from Arabic backgrounds towards HPV vaccination offered to their children in the national school-based vaccination program. Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted in Western Sydney, with parents of adolescents from Arabic backgrounds. Recruitment was via informal personal contacts and passive snowballing. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted in Arabic. These were audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated into English. Thematic analysis was used to identify emerging themes. Results: Commonly identified themes across fifteen interviews included: (1) lack of awareness and knowledge of HPV and its vaccination, (2) awareness and understanding of the government vaccination information sheet, (3) parents’ preferences for information provision, (4) the role of parents’ religious beliefs in forming attitudes about HPV vaccination, and (5) lost opportunities to educate parents about HPV vaccination during general practitioner (GP) visits. Conclusion: The findings point to the need to address cultural, language, and communication barriers to improve awareness and acceptability of HPV vaccination in the Arabic community. Educational strategies should be tailored to this community based on their specific information needs and preferences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination of Adolescents)

Review

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10 pages, 405 KiB  
Review
Optimising COVID-19 Vaccination Policy to Mitigate SARS-CoV-2 Transmission within Schools in Zimbabwe
by Grant Murewanhema, Solomon Mukwenha, Tafadzwa Dzinamarira, Zindoga Mukandavire, Diego Cuadros, Roda Madziva, Innocent Chingombe, Munyaradzi Mapingure, Helena Herrera and Godfrey Musuka
Vaccines 2021, 9(12), 1481; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9121481 - 15 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3658
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the learning of millions of children across the world. Since March 2020 when the first cases of COVID-19 were reported in Zimbabwe, the country, like many others, has gone through periods of closing and re-opening of schools as [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the learning of millions of children across the world. Since March 2020 when the first cases of COVID-19 were reported in Zimbabwe, the country, like many others, has gone through periods of closing and re-opening of schools as part of the national COVID-19 control and mitigation measures. Schools promote the social, mental, physical, and moral development of children. With this viewpoint, the authors argue that schools should not be closed to provide a measured and efficient response to the threats posed by the COVID-19 epidemic. Rather, infection prevention and control strategies, including vaccination of learners and teachers, and surveillance in schools should be heightened. The use of multiple prevention strategies discussed in this viewpoint has shown that when outbreaks in school settings are adequately managed, the transmission usually is low. The information presented here suggests that schools should remain open due to the preponderance of evidence indicating the overriding positive impacts of this policy on the health, development, and wellbeing of children. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination of Adolescents)
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