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Vaccines
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The 2nd Edition: Vaccines for Aquaculture
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The 2nd Edition: Vaccines for Aquaculture

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 11806

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Beatriz Novoa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Immunology and Genomics Group, Institute of Marine Research, CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
Interests: immunology; diseases; vaccines; genomic; transcriptomic; aquaculture
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Patricia Pereiro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Immunology and Genomics Group, Institute of Marine Research, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
Interests: immunology; diseases; vaccines; genomic; transcriptomic; aquaculture
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fish farming has experienced exponential growth in recent decades. This fast development of fish aquaculture has caused a parallel increase in pathological conditions affecting fish. Several pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi, affect the health status of farmed fish, causing important economic losses. Different strategies have been developed to try to counteract fish diseases, including the application of chemical therapeutics, antibiotics, immunostimulants, functional feeds and vaccines. Vaccination plays an important role in large-scale commercial fish farming and represents an efficient preventive, pathogen-specific strategy. Although several commercial vaccines are currently available for serious fish diseases, some of them remain without an efficient vaccination strategy. Moreover, the appearance of emerging diseases and the introduction of new species of fish for intensive culture increase the urgency to develop new vaccines.

Due to the increasing needs in the fish vaccinology field, this Special Issue welcomes papers proposing the development of new vaccines and vaccination protocols for aquaculture, but also articles covering the effects of vaccines on the different aspects of the immune response (at the transcriptome, epigenome and/or cellular and humoral levels).

Prof. Dr. Beatriz Novoa
Dr. Patricia Pereiro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vaccines
  • aquaculture
  • fish
  • transcriptome
  • epigenomics
  • immunology
  • cellular response
  • humoral response

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

6 pages, 216 KiB  
Editorial
Editorial of Special Issue “The 2nd Edition: Vaccines for Aquaculture”
by Beatriz Novoa and Patricia Pereiro
Vaccines 2022, 10(8), 1242; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081242 - 03 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1348
Abstract
The Special Issue “Vaccines for Aquaculture” of the journal Vaccines had a great success among fish immunologists, with 17 published manuscripts [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 2nd Edition: Vaccines for Aquaculture)

Research

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20 pages, 3639 KiB  
Article
Efficacy of DNA Vaccines in Protecting Rainbow Trout against VHS and IHN under Intensive Farming Conditions
by Andrea Marsella, Francesco Pascoli, Tobia Pretto, Alessandra Buratin, Lorena Biasini, Miriam Abbadi, Luana Cortinovis, Paola Berto, Amedeo Manfrin, Marco Vanelli, Simona Perulli, Jesper S. Rasmussen, Dagoberto Sepúlveda, Niccolò Vendramin, Niels Lorenzen and Anna Toffan
Vaccines 2022, 10(12), 2062; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10122062 - 01 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2076
Abstract
Despite the negative impact of viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) on European rainbow trout farming, no vaccines are commercially available in Europe. DNA vaccines are protective under experimental conditions, but testing under intensive farming conditions remains uninvestigated. Two DNA [...] Read more.
Despite the negative impact of viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) on European rainbow trout farming, no vaccines are commercially available in Europe. DNA vaccines are protective under experimental conditions, but testing under intensive farming conditions remains uninvestigated. Two DNA vaccines encoding the glycoproteins (G) of recent Italian VHSV and IHNV isolates were developed and tested for potency and safety under experimental conditions. Subsequently, a field vaccination trial was initiated at a disease-free hatchery. The fish were injected intramuscularly with either the VHS DNA vaccine or with a mix of VHS and IHN DNA vaccines at a dose of 1 µg/vaccine/fish, or with PBS. At 60 days post-vaccination, fish were moved to a VHSV and IHNV infected facility. Mortality started 7 days later, initially due to VHS. After 3 months, IHN became the dominant cause of disease. Accordingly, both DNA vaccinated groups displayed lower losses compared to the PBS group during the first three months, while the VHS/IHN vaccinated group subsequently had the lowest mortality. A later outbreak of ERM caused equal disease in all groups. The trial confirmed the DNA vaccines to be safe and efficient in reducing the impact of VHS and IHN in farmed rainbow trout. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 2nd Edition: Vaccines for Aquaculture)
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17 pages, 7082 KiB  
Article
Dual RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Transcriptome Effects during the Salmon–Louse Interaction in Fish Immunized with Three Lice Vaccines
by Antonio Casuso, Valentina Valenzuela-Muñoz and Cristian Gallardo-Escárate
Vaccines 2022, 10(11), 1875; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111875 - 07 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1738
Abstract
Due to the reduced efficacy of delousing drugs used for sea lice control in salmon aquaculture, fish vaccines have emerged as one of the most sustainable strategies in animal health. Herein, the availability of C. rogercresseyi and Salmo salar genomes increases the capability [...] Read more.
Due to the reduced efficacy of delousing drugs used for sea lice control in salmon aquaculture, fish vaccines have emerged as one of the most sustainable strategies in animal health. Herein, the availability of C. rogercresseyi and Salmo salar genomes increases the capability of identifying new candidate antigens for lice vaccines using RNA sequencing and computational tools. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of two recombinant antigens characterized as peritrophin and cathepsin proteins on the transcriptome profiling of Atlantic salmon during a sea lice infestation. Four experimental groups were used: Peritrophin, cathepsin, and peritrophin/cathepsin (P/C), and PBS as the control. C. rogercresseyi female, S. salar head kidney, and skin tissue samples were sampled at 25 days post-infestation (dpi) for Illumina sequencing and RNA-seq analysis. Differential gene expression, gene ontology, and chromosomal expression analyses were performed. Furthermore, the dual RNA-seq analysis approach was performed to simultaneously explore host and pathogen transcriptomes, identifying functional associations for vaccine design. The morphometry of female sea lice exposed to immunized fish was also evaluated. The RNA-Seq analysis exhibited prototype-dependent transcriptome modulation, showing a conspicuous competition for metal ions during the infestation. Moreover, Dual RNA-seq analysis revealed vaccine-dependent gene patterns in both the host and the pathogen. Notably, significant morphometric differences between lice collected from immunized and control fish were observed, where cathepsin and P/C showed 57% efficacy. This study showed the potential of two proteins as lice vaccines for the salmon industry, suggesting novel molecular mechanisms between host–parasite interactions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 2nd Edition: Vaccines for Aquaculture)
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16 pages, 5959 KiB  
Article
Development and Evaluation of a Bicistronic DNA Vaccine against Nervous Necrosis Virus in Pearl Gentian Grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)
by Tianwen Lin, Jing Xing, Xiaoqian Tang, Xiuzhen Sheng, Heng Chi and Wenbin Zhan
Vaccines 2022, 10(6), 946; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10060946 - 14 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2118
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) can cause enormous economic losses in mariculture. Vaccines are promising ways to control the disease. In this study: the interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) gene of pearl gentian grouper was cloned and functionally analyzed; then a bicistronic DNA vaccine [...] Read more.
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) can cause enormous economic losses in mariculture. Vaccines are promising ways to control the disease. In this study: the interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) gene of pearl gentian grouper was cloned and functionally analyzed; then a bicistronic DNA vaccine encoding both capsid protein (CP) and IRF3 was constructed; then the cellular, humoral, and local immune responses in the grouper after immunization were investigated; and then the protective effects after the NNV challenge were investigated. The results showed that the vaccine successfully expressed CP and IRF3. After immunization, the lymphocytes were recruited at the injection site in the muscles. The percentage of sIgM+ lymphocytes in the head, kidney, and spleen significantly increased and peaked at 28.8 ± 3.1% and 42.6 ± 4.2% at the 3rd to 4th weeks. Six immune-related genes were significantly up-regulated. In the meantime, the total antibodies, anti-NNV specific antibodies, and neutralizing antibody titers in serum increased. After the challenge with 105, 106 or 107 TCID50/fish, the relative percent survival rate was 81.25%, 73.91%, and 66.67%, respectively. In 106 TCID50/fish groups, the percentages of sIgM+ lymphocytes, antibodies, and the viral load were investigated. In conclusion, the bicistronic vaccine significantly induced humoral and cellular responses in pearl gentian grouper and provided effective protection against NVV infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 2nd Edition: Vaccines for Aquaculture)
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Review

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28 pages, 1579 KiB  
Review
Tilapia Lake Virus Vaccine Development: A Review on the Recent Advances
by Japhette E. Kembou-Ringert, Dieter Steinhagen, John Readman, Janet M. Daly and Mikolaj Adamek
Vaccines 2023, 11(2), 251; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020251 - 23 Jan 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3821
Abstract
Tilapia tilapinevirus (or tilapia lake virus, TiLV) is a recently emerging virus associated with a novel disease affecting and decimating tilapia populations around the world. Since its initial identification, TiLV has been reported in 17 countries, often causing mortalities as high as 90% [...] Read more.
Tilapia tilapinevirus (or tilapia lake virus, TiLV) is a recently emerging virus associated with a novel disease affecting and decimating tilapia populations around the world. Since its initial identification, TiLV has been reported in 17 countries, often causing mortalities as high as 90% in the affected populations. To date, no therapeutics or commercial vaccines exist for TiLV disease control. Tilapia exposed to TiLV can develop protective immunity, suggesting that vaccination is achievable. Given the important role of vaccination in fish farming, several vaccine strategies are currently being explored and put forward against TiLV but, a comprehensive overview on the efficacy of these platforms is lacking. We here present these approaches in relation with previously developed fish vaccines and discuss their efficacy, vaccine administration routes, and the various factors that can impact vaccine efficacy. The overall recent advances in TiLV vaccine development show different but promising levels of protection. The field is however hampered by the lack of knowledge of the biology of TiLV, notably the function of its genes. Further research and the incorporation of several approaches including prime–boost vaccine regimens, codon optimization, or reverse vaccinology would be beneficial to increase the effectiveness of vaccines targeting TiLV and are further discussed in this review. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 2nd Edition: Vaccines for Aquaculture)
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