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Universe
Special Issues
Jet and Heavy Flavor Production
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Jet and Heavy Flavor Production

A special issue of Universe (ISSN 2218-1997). This special issue belongs to the section "High Energy Nuclear and Particle Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 3385

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Christine Nattrass

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
University of Tennesee at Knoxville, 401 Nielsen Physics Building, 1408 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996-1200, USA
Interests: ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions; jets; transverse energy
Dr. Sevil Salur

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers University, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
Interests: ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions; jet and heavy flavor production; resonances; small systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Relativistic heavy ion collisions have been used for more than three decades to map out the phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter. This has been achieved at increasing center-of-mass energies of less than 5 GeV at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron in Brookhaven, 20 GeV at the Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN, 200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) in Brookhaven and 5 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. 

At RHIC, a new phase of matter has been discovered at extreme temperature and density, namely quark–gluon plasma (QGP), which exhibits almost perfect liquid dynamical behavior. RHIC and LHC experimentally continue to explore new regions of the phase diagram. Since 1979, the direction of nuclear physics in terms of required resources and funding levels has been re-evaluated by the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee in its Long Range Plan for Nuclear Science every 5 to 7 years. The most recent plan raised fundamental questions regarding confinement, such as, "What determines the key features of QCD? What is the radiation spectrum? How does the hot QCD itself respond to jet energy loss? How does a nearly perfect liquid arise from matter that, at short distance scales, is made of weakly interacting quarks and gluons? What is the smallest possible droplet of QGP?". 

Questions above could be answered in a quantitative manner through studies of jets, decay products of partonic interactions at large momentum transfers. Jets are well-calibrated, as their expected yields are calculable using the perturbative QCD theoretical framework and their propagation through the medium is affected by strong interactions. Jets that are initiated by heavy quarks are expected to probe the full evolution of the QGP as they are produced very early in collisions via hard partonic scatterings. Experimentally, heavy flavor could be tagged in a jet either via mesons or via their displaced heavy flavor vertices. To characterize the jet–medium interactions, to distinguish between competing energy loss mechanisms, and to investigate the inner workings of the QGP, mass-dependent energy loss and reshuffling of the energy flow needs to be studied.

In this Special Issue, we aim to collect contributions that would answer some of the questions above in a quantitative manner through experimental and theoretical studies of heavy flavor and jet measurements in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. 

Dr. Christine Nattrass
Dr. Sevil Salur
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Universe is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions
  • quark gluon plasma
  • jet production
  • heavy flavour production
  • transverse energy
  • small systems

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 674 KiB  
Article
Unconventional Mechanisms of Heavy Quark Fragmentation
by Boris Kopeliovich, Jan Nemchik, Irina Potashnikova and Ivan Schmidt
Universe 2023, 9(9), 418; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9090418 - 13 Sep 2023
Viewed by 986
Abstract
Heavy and light quarks produced in high-pT partonic collisions radiate differently. Heavy quarks regenerate their color field, stripped-off in the hard reaction, much faster than the light ones and radiate a significantly smaller fraction of the initial quark energy. This peculiar [...] Read more.
Heavy and light quarks produced in high-pT partonic collisions radiate differently. Heavy quarks regenerate their color field, stripped-off in the hard reaction, much faster than the light ones and radiate a significantly smaller fraction of the initial quark energy. This peculiar feature of heavy-quark jets leads to a specific shape of the fragmentation functions observed in e+e− annihilation. Differently from light flavors, the heavy quark fragmentation function strongly peaks at large fractional momentum z, i.e., the produced heavy–light mesons, B or D, carry the main fraction of the jet momentum. This is a clear evidence of the dead-cone effect, and of a short production time of a heavy–light mesons. Contrary to propagation of a small qq¯ dipole, which survives in the medium due to color transparency, a heavy–light Qq¯ dipole promptly expands to a large size. Such a big dipole has no chance to remain intact in a dense medium produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions. On the other hand, a breakup of such a dipole does not affect much the production rate of Qq¯ mesons, differently from the case of light qq¯ meson production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Jet and Heavy Flavor Production)
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Review

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31 pages, 1269 KiB  
Review
Recent Findings from Heavy-Flavor Angular Correlation Measurements in Hadronic Collisions
by Deepa Thomas and Fabio Colamaria
Universe 2024, 10(3), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10030109 - 27 Feb 2024
Viewed by 852
Abstract
The study of angular correlations of heavy-flavor particles in hadronic collisions can provide crucial insight into the heavy quark production, showering, and hadronization processes. The comparison with model predictions allows us to discriminate among different approaches for heavy quark production and hadronization, as [...] Read more.
The study of angular correlations of heavy-flavor particles in hadronic collisions can provide crucial insight into the heavy quark production, showering, and hadronization processes. The comparison with model predictions allows us to discriminate among different approaches for heavy quark production and hadronization, as well as different treatments of the underlying event employed by the models to reproduce correlation observables. In ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, where a deconfined state of matter, the quark–gluon plasma (QGP), is created, heavy-flavor correlations can shed light on the modification of the heavy quark fragmentation due to the interaction between charm and beauty quarks with the QGP constituents, as well as characterize their energy loss processes while traversing the medium. Insight into the possible emergence of collective-like mechanisms in smaller systems, resembling those observed in heavy-ion collisions, can also be obtained by performing correlation studies in high-multiplicity proton–proton and proton–nucleus collisions. In this review, the most recent and relevant measurements of heavy-flavor correlations performed in all collision systems at the LHC and RHIC will be presented, and the new understandings that they provide will be discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Jet and Heavy Flavor Production)
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23 pages, 10179 KiB  
Review
Recent Quarkonia Measurements in Small Systems at RHIC and LHC Energies
by Krista L. Smith
Universe 2023, 9(4), 174; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9040174 - 03 Apr 2023
Viewed by 840
Abstract
Heavy-ion research at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) during the first decade of data collection, approximately during the years 2000–2010, was primarily focused on the study of Au+Au collisions. The search for evidence of quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a state of matter where [...] Read more.
Heavy-ion research at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) during the first decade of data collection, approximately during the years 2000–2010, was primarily focused on the study of Au+Au collisions. The search for evidence of quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a state of matter where quarks and gluons become unbound within a high energy density environment, which was at the forefront of research efforts. However, studies of the azimuthal anisotropy parameter v2 in p/d+Pb collisions from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) yielded results consistent with the hydrodynamic flow, one of the signatures of quark-gluon plasma formation in heavy-ion collisions. Since the publication of these findings, the field of heavy-ion physics has made subsequent measurements in small system collisions to study cold nuclear matter effects as well as look for additional evidence of hot nuclear matter effects. Quarkonia, a bound state of a cc¯ or bb¯ pair, has often been used to probe a wide range of nuclear effects in both large and small collision systems. Here we will review recent quarkonia measurements in small system collisions at RHIC and LHC energies and summarize the experimental conclusions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Jet and Heavy Flavor Production)
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