Faith after the Anthropocene

A special issue of Religions (ISSN 2077-1444).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2020) | Viewed by 43465

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Guest Editor
College of Humanities, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
Interests: literature and spiritual experience; religion/theology and literature; post-secular theory and criticism; Scottish literary and intellectual history; critical and literary theory; the Enlightenment and its legacy
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Guest Editor
California Institute of Integral Studies, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue grows out of a symposium held at Brigham Young University in September 2019. We quote here from the symposium abstract, which we adapt for this Special Issue:

This symposium addresses the vulnerability associated with our ecological condition—but less the vulnerability of the earth per se than of how the earth’s precarious state reveals our own vulnerability and prompts us to new ways of thinking and being. The Anthropocene, of course, designates the earth in a state of transformation, cataclysmically so, in response to human activity; but is it possible to imagine ourselves transformed for the better as a function of the ecological peril our planet faces? How might our consciousness of gathering catastrophe incite changes in us that help us redress the deeper conditions of which the Anthropocene is a symptom? We are especially compelled here by the thought of how our vulnerability—on the one hand, in the face of ecological disaster and, on the other, the transformative thinking this condition requires—inspires us to reconceive our place in the cosmos, alongside each other and, potentially, before God. “Faith after the Anthropocene” refers to ways our current condition of sober novelty, of generative catastrophe, modify our beliefs and practices, both religious and secular. Who are we “after” (the concept of) the Anthropocene? How might we project and approach the horizon of our existence? What forms of thought and structures of feeling might attend us in this state? How might we determine our values and to what do we orient our hopes?

In some respects, we take our lead from Bruno Latour, who, in a recent essay, proposes three territorial constructs—Globe, Land, and Earth. He deems Globe and Land illegitimate inasmuch as they correspond with typical left/right distinctions (globalization versus nationalism, science versus tradition, progressive versus conservative, utopia versus Heimat, etc.). His point is that modernity cannot remain on its current course—there is no “Globe,” there is no “Land”—so we must learn to think differently. Faith, whether taken affectively or institutionally, will play a crucial role in formulating a theory and habitus of Earth; and Earth, in turn, will impact whatever we mean by faith. Thinking of those two together is the object of this Special Issue.

While the effects of the new climatic regime are certainly global, our focus in this Special Issue is especially on western expressions of Christian faith (including its transformation or disappearance, which are both aspects of its vulnerability). This Special Issue, in other words, is focused on the way in which communities and intellectual traditions shaped by the Christian legacy are responding to the new conditions of universalized precarity brought on by the Anthropocene. We acknowledge, of course, that global and interreligious perspectives are urgently needed, but we hold that these are best realized when they engage with rich, local conversations rooted in particular histories, traditions, and cultures. By doing some of that more local scholarly spadework, we hope that the contributions in this Special Issue may, in their own particular ways, help to prepare the ground for some of those larger, more global conversations in the future.

Over the last decade, the idea of the Anthropocene has become increasingly important to scholars working broadly in the field of the environmental humanities, not least for those thinking about questions of religion and ecology. Representative works here include Clive Hamilton’s The Anthropocene and the Global Environmental Crisis: Rethinking modernity in a new epoch (Routledge 2015), which collected important responses from scholars throughout the humanities, and Celia Deane-Drummond, Sigurd Bergmann, and Markus Vogt’s edited anthology, Religion in the Anthropocene (Cascade Books, 2017), which was among the first volumes to thematize the religious response explicitly. Despite these and other efforts, there remains a tremendous amount more to be said, both because the magnitude of the challenges presented by the Anthropocene is so great and because constant change is one of its defining features. We do not yet know what sorts of flourishing, community, and organization will see us through these times. Accordingly, our Special Issue seeks to continue the task of reflection necessary if we are to respond constructively—or, as Hannah Arendt might put it, politically—to the geological realities now confronting us. So many of our efforts more recently to deal with the environmental crisis seem to have looked for solutions in literally out-of-this-world technologies, on the one hand, and globalized bureaucracies, on the other, when what we so desperately need to engage is the vulnerable task of thinking about what we are doing, where we are, who want to be: to think in other words about the common good, the common ground. This is why our Special Issue has chosen to focus on the vulnerability of faith in the midst of the Anthropocene, for this very vulnerability may be the site for the sort of renewal we so desperately need.

Prof. Matthew Wickman
Prof. Jacob Sherman
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Anthropocene
  • Christianity
  • religion and ecology
  • faith
  • vulnerability
  • Latour
  • environmental humanities
  • ecotheology

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Editorial

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5 pages, 152 KiB  
Editorial
Introduction: Faith after the Anthropocene
by Matthew Wickman and Jacob Sherman
Religions 2020, 11(8), 378; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11080378 - 23 Jul 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1458
Abstract
This is the introductory essay to the Special Issue “Faith after the Anthropocene” published in Religions 11:4 and 11:5. How does the Earth’s precarious state reveal our own? How does this vulnerable condition prompt new ways of thinking and being? The essays that [...] Read more.
This is the introductory essay to the Special Issue “Faith after the Anthropocene” published in Religions 11:4 and 11:5. How does the Earth’s precarious state reveal our own? How does this vulnerable condition prompt new ways of thinking and being? The essays that are part of this collection consider how the transformative thinking demanded by our vulnerability inspires us to reconceive our place in the cosmos, alongside each other and, potentially, before God. Who are we “after” (the concept of) the Anthropocene? What forms of thought and structures of feeling might attend us in this state? How might we determine our values and to what do we orient our hopes? Faith, a conceptual apparatus for engaging the unseen, helps us weigh the implications of this massive, but in some ways mysterious, force on the lives we lead; faith helps us visualize what it means to exist in this new and still emergent reality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Faith after the Anthropocene)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

16 pages, 275 KiB  
Article
Grave Reminders: Grief and Vulnerability in the Anthropocene
by Lisa H. Sideris
Religions 2020, 11(6), 293; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11060293 - 16 Jun 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 6869
Abstract
This essay builds upon recent work in the environmental humanities, and that of various writers and journalists, on the emerging topic of environmental grief and mourning. I consider a spectrum of responses to Anthropocene-era crises like climate change and extinction, with particular emphasis [...] Read more.
This essay builds upon recent work in the environmental humanities, and that of various writers and journalists, on the emerging topic of environmental grief and mourning. I consider a spectrum of responses to Anthropocene-era crises like climate change and extinction, with particular emphasis on how we are oriented toward the past and the future. These perspectives range from positions that explicitly reject grief and vulnerability, to voices urging us to embrace grief as part of an essential moral and spiritual environmental practice. At one end of the spectrum, we find articulations of what I call climate humanism, a style of response focused on defending and perpetuating human civilization in the midst of environmental crisis, but with little or no explicit concern for the broader web of living and dying beings. For climate humanists, to grieve for the past and its mistakes is to halt progressive, optimistic movement into the future. At the other end of the spectrum, we find scholars and writers who take profound grief, and sustained reflection on death and loss, as the starting point for genuine, transformative change and the possibility of hope. Drawing on this range of responses to environmental threats and losses, I endorse narratives that ground themselves in the past, in all its surprises and mistakes, as a vital resource and repository for moving hopefully and purposefully into the future. Moral, religious, and religious-like dimensions of environmental grief (or its denial) are recurring themes throughout, and many crucial insights are found in scholarship outside of religious studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Faith after the Anthropocene)
12 pages, 229 KiB  
Article
What Else Is New?: Toward a Postcolonial Christian Theology for the Anthropocene
by George B. Handley
Religions 2020, 11(5), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11050225 - 01 May 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2557
Abstract
Although there are many reasons for Christian skepticism regarding climate change, one reason is theological in nature, and therefore, requires a theological solution. This essay explains the theological grounds for climate change denial and for a compromised understanding of the power and creativity [...] Read more.
Although there are many reasons for Christian skepticism regarding climate change, one reason is theological in nature, and therefore, requires a theological solution. This essay explains the theological grounds for climate change denial and for a compromised understanding of the power and creativity of human agency. Drawing inspiration from the ecotheological implications of postcolonial poetics, it seeks to offer revised conceptions of the atonement and the fall and of what it means to read both scripture and nature. The aim is to offer a more resilient Christian theology that can inspire agential creativity in the age of the Anthropocene. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Faith after the Anthropocene)
15 pages, 236 KiB  
Article
Sacred Places and Planetary Stresses: Sanctuaries as Laboratories of Religious and Ecological Change
by Willis Jenkins
Religions 2020, 11(5), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11050215 - 27 Apr 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2620
Abstract
How are global relations and planetary flows experienced, interpreted, and managed from places set aside from everyday use, as “sacred” in that sense? Sanctuary Lab, a transdisciplinary initiative at UVA, investigates how religious processes interact with planetary stresses. Provisionally adopting a keyword in [...] Read more.
How are global relations and planetary flows experienced, interpreted, and managed from places set aside from everyday use, as “sacred” in that sense? Sanctuary Lab, a transdisciplinary initiative at UVA, investigates how religious processes interact with planetary stresses. Provisionally adopting a keyword in religious studies, the sacred, opens a post-disciplinary angle of inquiry into Anthropocene processes of cultural and environmental change. Focusing on dynamics of change in places regarded as sanctuaries affords unique perspective on how rapid planetary changes interact with particular inherited streams of normativity and imagination. This essay integrates field note illustrations from Yellowstone and Bhutan with critical reflection on the lab’s approach in order to share initial hypotheses, collaborative research practices, and potential significance. It suggests that sacralization is part of the process through which cultures make sense of rapid changes; that nonhumans participate in sacralization; that sanctuaries offer unique laboratories of coupled change; and that arts-based exercises can help drive critical reflection on experience and method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Faith after the Anthropocene)
12 pages, 214 KiB  
Article
Reading the Book of Nature after Nature
by Jacob Holsinger Sherman
Religions 2020, 11(4), 205; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11040205 - 20 Apr 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2848
Abstract
Early modernity tended to appeal to the trope of the book of nature as a way of securing knowledge—including knowledge about God—against the exigencies of history and culture, but as theorists such as Timothy Morton, Bruno Latour, and others have argued, today this [...] Read more.
Early modernity tended to appeal to the trope of the book of nature as a way of securing knowledge—including knowledge about God—against the exigencies of history and culture, but as theorists such as Timothy Morton, Bruno Latour, and others have argued, today this assumed dualism of nature and culture is both ecologically and critically suspect. What might it mean to read the book of nature in a time of ecological precarity, what many have called the Anthropocene? I will argue that premodern theological traditions of the book of nature, such as one finds in the twelfth century Hugh of Saint Victor, have something extremely important to add to a postmodern ‘terrestrial’ hermeneutics of nature, precisely because the premodern book of nature already performs the construal of nature as culture (and of culture as nature) so often recommended today by critics such as Latour, Haraway, and others. On such an account, nature is neither a fantasy object to be ignored or fled, nor a stable text to be tamed, rationalized, and epistemically leveraged, but rather the changing concept and experience of nature is a symbol illuminated in a book we half receive, and half create, a symbol open to both critique and contemplation, which gives rise to thought, action, and the sort of novel moral intuitions we need now more than ever. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Faith after the Anthropocene)
11 pages, 238 KiB  
Article
Eating and Being Eaten: Interspecies Vulnerability as Eucharist
by Lisa Dahill
Religions 2020, 11(4), 204; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11040204 - 20 Apr 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2312
Abstract
Living in a time of urgent ecological crisis, Christians need outdoor ritual experience of their faith: of what is wild, of the living Earth, stranger faces of the divine: taking eco-alienated people out of the building and into the streets, the river, the [...] Read more.
Living in a time of urgent ecological crisis, Christians need outdoor ritual experience of their faith: of what is wild, of the living Earth, stranger faces of the divine: taking eco-alienated people out of the building and into the streets, the river, the forest. Moving liturgy outdoors makes possible an opening to both human and more-than-human strangeness on their own terms, in actual, present, sensory experience. It also opens worshipers’ experience of the Christian sacraments into the disconcerting realm of our bodies’ physical edibility to other creatures: the possibility of our own flesh becoming food. Using the work of Val Plumwood, David Abram, and Eric Meyer, this paper examines Eucharistic ritual language and theologies of resurrection as these contribute to a worldview that maintains a human versus food dualism incommensurate with biological processes. Ultimately, the paper calls for Eucharistic practices that allow participants to pray being prey. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Faith after the Anthropocene)
11 pages, 238 KiB  
Article
The Vulnerable (Post) Modern Self and the “Greening” of Spiritual Personhood through Life in the Spirit
by Mary Frohlich
Religions 2020, 11(4), 194; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11040194 - 16 Apr 2020
Viewed by 2373
Abstract
In the period now being called the Anthropocene, the fatal vulnerabilities of the modern way of constructing selfhood are becoming ever more evident. Joanna Macy, who writes from a Buddhist perspective, has argued for the need to “green” the self by rediscovering its [...] Read more.
In the period now being called the Anthropocene, the fatal vulnerabilities of the modern way of constructing selfhood are becoming ever more evident. Joanna Macy, who writes from a Buddhist perspective, has argued for the need to “green” the self by rediscovering its participation in ecological and cosmic networks. From a Christian perspective, I would articulate this in terms of an imperative to rediscover our spiritual personhood as radical communion in both God and cosmos. In this paper, “self” refers to an ever-restless process of construction of identity based in self-awareness and aimed at maintaining one’s integrity, coherence, and social esteem. I use the term “person,” on the other hand, to refer to a relational center that exists to be in communion with other persons. How—within the conditions of the dawning Anthropocene—can the tension between these two essential aspects of human existence be opened up in a way that can more effectively protect human and other life on Earth? This would require, it seems, harnessing both the self-protective and the self-giving potentials of human beings. The proposed path is to give ourselves over into the rhythms of the Spirit, being breathed in to selfless personal communion and out to co-creation of our refreshed selfhood. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Faith after the Anthropocene)
11 pages, 208 KiB  
Article
Reimagining Christian Hope(lessness) in the Anthropocene
by Timothy Robinson
Religions 2020, 11(4), 192; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11040192 - 15 Apr 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 15771
Abstract
Faith in the Anthropocene requires a re-imagined account of Christian hope. Research on the emergence of eco-anxiety disorder shows that climate crisis and ecological destruction have psychological and emotional effects on persons and communities, producing fear, despair, and hopelessness. Accounts of hope in [...] Read more.
Faith in the Anthropocene requires a re-imagined account of Christian hope. Research on the emergence of eco-anxiety disorder shows that climate crisis and ecological destruction have psychological and emotional effects on persons and communities, producing fear, despair, and hopelessness. Accounts of hope in recent environmental literature and in traditional Christian formulations rely on faith in political will, technological innovation, or an omnipotent divine sovereign to intervene and save. Such accounts are inadequate for this moment. A re-imagined notion of Christian hope will embrace hopelessness, understood as the relinquishment of false optimism that the climate crisis can be reversed and a commitment to act without expectation of success, but with a commitment to nurturing the wisdom to live more humanly. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Faith after the Anthropocene)
11 pages, 208 KiB  
Article
The Saving Grace of America’s Green Jeremiad
by John Gatta
Religions 2020, 11(4), 172; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11040172 - 06 Apr 2020
Viewed by 2256
Abstract
By the late seventeenth century, Puritan leaders in colonial America were bemoaning what they perceived to be the betrayal of New England’s godly “errand into the wilderness.” In election sermons they mourned the community’s backsliding from its global mission as a “city upon [...] Read more.
By the late seventeenth century, Puritan leaders in colonial America were bemoaning what they perceived to be the betrayal of New England’s godly “errand into the wilderness.” In election sermons they mourned the community’s backsliding from its global mission as a “city upon a hill.” Such doomsday rhetoric echoed the lamentations of decline intoned by ancient Hebrew prophets such as Jeremiah. Yet this “Jeremiad” discourse characteristically reached beyond effusions of doom and gloom toward prospects of renewal through a conversion of heart. It blended warnings of impending catastrophe with hope for recovery if the erring souls it addressed chose to repent. This twofold identity of the Puritan Jeremiad, gradually refashioned into the American Jeremiad, has long resonated within and beyond this nation’s literary culture. Featured in creative nonfiction, jeremiad expression surfaces in various forms. And with rise of the modern environmental movement, a prophetic subspecies identifiable as “Green Jeremiad” has lately emerged. The essay reflects on how, especially in an Anthropocene era, Green Jeremiads dramatize the crisis of spirit and faith that undergird challenges to earth’s geophysical health and survival. What saving graces might temper the chilling reminders of imminent peril composed by authors such as Rachel Carson, Bill McKibben, Barbara Kingsolver, and Elizabeth Kolbert? Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Faith after the Anthropocene)
10 pages, 2956 KiB  
Article
Returning Faith to Knowledge: Earthlings after the Anthropocene
by Whitney A. Bauman
Religions 2020, 11(4), 169; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11040169 - 04 Apr 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3146
Abstract
The technologies of the Anthropocene are based upon Modern certainties. These technologies of a reductive and productive model of science create the worlds in which we live, in the image of a particular human being: the modern, western anthropos (with its raced, sexed, [...] Read more.
The technologies of the Anthropocene are based upon Modern certainties. These technologies of a reductive and productive model of science create the worlds in which we live, in the image of a particular human being: the modern, western anthropos (with its raced, sexed, and gendered body). This article explores some of the technologies of the Anthropocene, and the environmental and social problems they give rise to. Finally, this article argues for the development of multiple planetary technologies based in uncertainty about the planetary future, that open humans onto more just and ecologically sound possibilities for planetary becoming. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Faith after the Anthropocene)
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