Non-coding RNA in Hematological Cancers

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Biopharmaceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 February 2021)

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
Interests: miRNAs; hematological cancers; myeloma; AML; CML; ALL; CLL non-coding RNAs

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue covers all types of non-coding RNAs in hematological cancers.

Understanding the roles of ncRNAs blood cancers is essential and can provide insight into the development of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment modalities. Approximately every 3 minutes, one person in the USA diagnosed with a blood cancer, with an estimated total of cases in 2020 standing at 178,520 for leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma, which is approximately 9.9% of total cancers diagnosed in USA for the year 2020 (American Cancer Society, 2020).

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) or small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) are broadly distributed and implicated in many diseases, including blood cancers. These ncRNAs play crucial roles in blood cancer development, progression, metastasis, chemoresistance, and many more. Small RNAs consist of 17–250 nucleotides in length; among them, microRNAs (miRNAs, 17–24 nucleotides) are the most studied and well known non-coding RNAs. Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs, 26-33 nucleotides) are the largest class of the small non-coding RNA family and are implicated in epigenetic and post-transcriptional regulation but still lack functional characterization. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs, more than 200 nucleotides) are a diverse class of RNAs, believed to play an important role in cellular mechanisms; however, little biological relevance has been established thus far. Circular RNAs (circRNAs, 100 nt to 4 kb) are a recently rediscovered RNA class of non-coding RNAs, which were initially described as scrambled exons. They are resistant to endonuclease treatment and are highly stable. Small nuclear/nucleolar RNAs (sn/snoRNAs, 70–120 nucleotides) are perhaps the most ancient and highly conserved class of sncRNAs, carrying out a fundamental role in the modification and processing of ribosomal RNAs (rRNA), transfer RNAs (tRNA), and small nuclear RNAs (snRNA).

Dr. Srinivas V Koduru
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Hematological cancers
  • Myeloma
  • AML
  • microRNAs
  • ncRNAs
  • Non-coding RNAs

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 477 KiB  
Article
Significant Associations of lncRNA H19 Genotypes with Susceptibility to Childhood Leukemia in Taiwan
by Jen-Sheng Pei, Chao-Chun Chen, Wen-Shin Chang, Yun-Chi Wang, Jaw-Chyun Chen, Yu-Chen Hsiau, Pei-Chen Hsu, Yuan-Nian Hsu, Chia-Wen Tsai and Da-Tian Bau
Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14(3), 235; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14030235 - 08 Mar 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1693
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to investigate whether genetic variations in lncRNA H19 were associated with susceptibility to childhood leukemia. Two hundred and sixty-six childhood leukemia patients and 266 healthy controls were enrolled in Taiwan, and two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs2839698 [...] Read more.
The purpose of our study was to investigate whether genetic variations in lncRNA H19 were associated with susceptibility to childhood leukemia. Two hundred and sixty-six childhood leukemia patients and 266 healthy controls were enrolled in Taiwan, and two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs2839698 and rs217727, in H19 were genotyped and analyzed. There was a significant difference in the genotypic distribution of rs2839698 between patients and healthy controls (p = 0.0277). Compared to the wild-type CC genotype, the heterozygous variant CT and homozygous variant TT genotypes were associated with significantly increased risks of childhood leukemia with an adjusted odd ratio (OR) of 1.46 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08–2.14, p = 0.0429) and 1.94 (95%CI, 1.15–3.31, p = 0.0169), respectively (pfor tread = 0.0277). The difference in allelic frequencies between childhood leukemia patients and controls was also significant (T versus C, adjusted OR = 1.53, 95%CI, 1.13–1.79, p = 0.0077). There were no significant differences in the genotypic and allelic distributions of rs217727 between cases and controls. Interestingly, the average level of H19 rs2839698 was statistically significantly higher for patients with CT and TT genotypes than from those with the CC genotype (p < 0.0001). Our results indicate that H19 SNP rs2839698, but not rs217727, may serve as a novel susceptibility marker for childhood leukemia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-coding RNA in Hematological Cancers)
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Review

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12 pages, 766 KiB  
Review
Non-Coding RNAs: The “Dark Side Matter” of the CLL Universe
by Marcello Francesco Lingua, Giovanna Carrà, Beatrice Maffeo and Alessandro Morotti
Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14(2), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14020168 - 21 Feb 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1973
Abstract
For many years in the field of onco-hematology much attention has been given to mutations in protein-coding genes or to genetic alterations, including large chromosomal losses or rearrangements. Despite this, biological and clinical needs in this sector remain unmet. Therefore, it is not [...] Read more.
For many years in the field of onco-hematology much attention has been given to mutations in protein-coding genes or to genetic alterations, including large chromosomal losses or rearrangements. Despite this, biological and clinical needs in this sector remain unmet. Therefore, it is not surprising that recent studies have shifted from coded to non-coded matter. The discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has influenced several aspects related to the treatment of cancer. In particular, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) the knowledge of ncRNAs and their contextualization have led to the identification of new biomarkers used to follow the course of the disease, to the anticipation of mechanisms that support resistance and relapse, and to the selection of novel targeted treatment regimens. In this review, we will summarize the main ncRNAs discovered in CLL and the molecular mechanisms by which they are affected and how they influence the development and the progression of the disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-coding RNA in Hematological Cancers)
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