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An Amperometric Immunosensor Based on a Polyelectrolyte/ Gold Magnetic Nanoparticle Supramolecular Assembly—Modified Electrode for the Determination of HIV p24 in Serum

by Ning Gan, Jianguo Hou, Futao Hu, Lei Zheng, Minjun Ni and Yuting Cao

Molecules 2010, 15(7), 5053-5065; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15075053 - 23 Jul 2010

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 8774

Abstract

Unmanaged sudden withdrawal from the excessive consumption of alcohol (ethanol) adversely alters neuronal integrity in vulnerable brain regions such as the cerebellum, hippocampus, or cortex. In addition to well known hyperexcitatory neurotransmissions, ethanol withdrawal (EW) provokes the intense generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of stress-responding protein kinases, which are the focus of this review article. EW also inflicts mitochondrial membranes/membrane potential, perturbs redox balance, and suppresses mitochondrial enzymes, all of which impair a fundamental function of mitochondria. Moreover, EW acts as an age-provoking stressor. The vulnerable age to EW stress is not necessarily the oldest age and varies depending upon the target molecule of EW. A major female sex steroid, 17β-estradiol (E2), interferes with the EW-induced alteration of oxidative signaling pathways and thereby protects neurons, mitochondria, and behaviors. The current review attempts to provide integrated information at the levels of oxidative signaling mechanisms by which EW provokes brain injuries and E2 protects against it. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Supramolecular Assembly)

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414 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Synthesis and Structure of D_3h-Symmetric Triptycene Trimaleimide

by Cristiano Zonta, Ottorino De Lucchi, Anthony Linden and Martin Lutz

Molecules 2010, 15(1), 226-232; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15010226 - 07 Jan 2010

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 15974

Abstract

A new D_3h symmetric triptycene derivative has been synthesized with the aim of obtaining molecules that are able to assemble into porous structures, and can be used in the development of new ligands. The synthesis involves a Diels-Alder reaction as the key step, followed by an oxidation and the formation of a maleimide ring. Triptycene trimaleimide furnished single crystals which have been analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Supramolecular Assembly)

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440 KiB

Open AccessReview

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Ammonium-Based Rotaxanes

by Dominic Thibeault and Jean-François Morin

Molecules 2010, 15(5), 3709-3730; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15053709 - 25 May 2010

Cited by 48 | Viewed by 15423

Abstract

The number of synthetic methods enabling the preparation of ammonium-based rotaxanes has increased very rapidly in the past ten years. The challenge in the synthesis of rotaxanes results from the rather weak interactions between the ammonium-containing rod and the crown ether macrocycle in the pseudorotaxane structure that rely mostly on O•H hydrogen bonds. Indeed, no strong base or polar solvent that could break up H-bonding can be used during the formation of rotaxanes because the two components will separate as two distinct entities. Moreover, most of the reactions have to be performed at room temperature to favor the formation of pseudorotaxane in solution. These non-trivial prerequisites have been taken into account to develop efficient reaction conditions for the preparation of rotaxanes and those are described in detail along this review. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Supramolecular Assembly)

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7642 KiB

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Supramolecular Coordination Assemblies Constructed From Multifunctional Azole-Containing Carboxylic Acids

by Yuheng Deng, Hao Liu, Bo Yu and Min Yao

Molecules 2010, 15(5), 3478-3506; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15053478 - 12 May 2010

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 10600

Abstract

This paper provides a brief review of recent progress in the field of metal coordination polymers assembled from azole-containing carboxylic acids and gives a diagrammatic summary of the diversity of topological structures in the resulting infinite metal-organic coordination networks (MOCNs). Azole-containing carboxylic acids are a favorable kind of multifunctional ligand to construct various metal complexes with isolated complexes and one, two and three dimensional structures, whose isolated complexes are not the focus of this review. An insight into the topology patterns of the infinite coordination polymers is provided. Analyzed topologies are compared with documented topologies and catalogued by the nature of nodes and connectivity pattern. New topologies which are not available from current topology databases are described and demonstrated graphically. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Supramolecular Assembly)

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