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Heck Coupling
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Heck Coupling

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Organic Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2010) | Viewed by 96783

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Cinzia Chiappe

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Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, c/o via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Interests: Pd promoted cross couplings, regioselectivity of inter- and intramolecular reactions, catalyst developments, neoteric solvents, Heck reactions in solid phases, continuous processes, waste-minimized processes

Keywords

  • Pd promoted cross couplings
  • Regioselectivity of inter- and intramolecular reactions
  • Catalyst developments
  • Neoteric solvents
  • Heck reactions in solid phases
  • Continuous processes
  • Waste-minimized processes

Published Papers (9 papers)

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Research

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415 KiB  
Article
Selective Heck Arylation of Cyclohexene with Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Palladium Catalysts
by Ewa Mieczyńska and Anna M. Trzeciak
Molecules 2010, 15(4), 2166-2177; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15042166 - 25 Mar 2010
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 8449
Abstract
Palladium catalysts containing Pd(II) supported on Al2O3 and alumina-based mixed oxides, Al2O3-ZrO2, Al2O3-CeO2, and Al2O3-Fe2O3, are very effective in the [...] Read more.
Palladium catalysts containing Pd(II) supported on Al2O3 and alumina-based mixed oxides, Al2O3-ZrO2, Al2O3-CeO2, and Al2O3-Fe2O3, are very effective in the Heck coupling of iodobenzene with cyclohexene in DMF solution. The best results, up to 81% of monoarylated products with a selectivity to 4-phenylcyclohexene (3) close to 90% were obtained with KOH as a base. The catalytic activity of palladium supported on alumina-based oxides was compared with that of homogeneous precursors, such as Pd(OAc)2 and PdCl2(PhCN)2, used in [Bu4N]Br as the reaction medium. Under such conditions homogeneous systems were more selective and produced up to 60% of monoarylated products with a selectivity to 3 close to 60%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heck Coupling)
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259 KiB  
Article
Reductive Heck Reactions of N-Methyl-substituted Tricyclic Imides
by Gokce Goksu, Nuket Ocal and Dieter E. Kaufmann
Molecules 2010, 15(3), 1302-1308; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15031303 - 04 Mar 2010
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 7571
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed hydroarylation of N-methyl-substituted tricyclic imides was studied in order to find a new stereoselective access to a series of new exo-aryl(hetaryl)-substituted tricyclic N-methylimides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heck Coupling)
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214 KiB  
Article
Palladium-Catalyzed Heck Coupling Reaction of Aryl Bromides in Aqueous Media Using Tetrahydropyrimidinium Salts as Carbene Ligands
by Sedat Yaşar, Emine Özge Özcan, Nevin Gürbüz, Bekir Çetinkaya and İsmail Özdemir
Molecules 2010, 15(2), 649-659; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15020649 - 28 Jan 2010
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 10455
Abstract
An efficient and stereoselective catalytic system for the Heck cross coupling reaction using novel 1,3-dialkyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinium salts (1, LHX) and Pd(OAc)2 loading has been reported. The palladium complexes derived from the salts 1a-f prepared in situ exhibit good catalytic activity [...] Read more.
An efficient and stereoselective catalytic system for the Heck cross coupling reaction using novel 1,3-dialkyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinium salts (1, LHX) and Pd(OAc)2 loading has been reported. The palladium complexes derived from the salts 1a-f prepared in situ exhibit good catalytic activity in the Heck coupling reaction of aryl bromides under mild conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heck Coupling)
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178 KiB  
Article
Palladium(II)/Cationic 2,2’-Bipyridyl System as a Highly Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the Mizoroki-Heck Reaction in Water
by Shao-Hsien Huang, Jun-Rong Chen and Fu-Yu Tsai
Molecules 2010, 15(1), 315-330; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15010315 - 12 Jan 2010
Cited by 58 | Viewed by 11679
Abstract
A water-soluble and air-stable Pd(NH3)2Cl2/cationic 2,2’-bipyridyl system was found to be a highly-efficient and reusable catalyst for the coupling of aryl iodides and alkenes in neat water using Bu3N as a base. The reaction was [...] Read more.
A water-soluble and air-stable Pd(NH3)2Cl2/cationic 2,2’-bipyridyl system was found to be a highly-efficient and reusable catalyst for the coupling of aryl iodides and alkenes in neat water using Bu3N as a base. The reaction was conducted at 140 °C in a sealed tube in air with a catalyst loading as low as 0.0001 mol % for the coupling of activated aryl iodides with butyl and ethyl acrylates, providing the corresponding products in good to excellent yields with very high turnover numbers. In the case of styrene, Mizoroki-Heck coupling products were obtained in good to high yields by using a greater catalyst loading (1 mol %) and TBAB as a phase-transfer agent. After extraction, the residual aqueous solution could be reused several times with only a slight decrease in its activity, making the Mizoroki-Heck reaction “greener”. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heck Coupling)
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293 KiB  
Article
Coupling Reactions of α-Bromocarboxylate with Non-Aromatic N-Heterocycles
by Katerina Brychtova, Barbora Slaba, Lukas Placek, Josef Jampilek, Ivan Raich and Jozef Csollei
Molecules 2009, 14(8), 3019-3029; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules14083019 - 13 Aug 2009
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 10500
Abstract
The conditions for the C-N bond forming reaction (C-N coupling reaction) between α-bromocarboxylate and nitrogen-containing non-aromatic heterocyclic rings under heterogeneous copper(I) oxide catalysis are investigated in this paper. All the generated compounds were fully characterized by IR, NMR and MS spectroscopy. Ab initio [...] Read more.
The conditions for the C-N bond forming reaction (C-N coupling reaction) between α-bromocarboxylate and nitrogen-containing non-aromatic heterocyclic rings under heterogeneous copper(I) oxide catalysis are investigated in this paper. All the generated compounds were fully characterized by IR, NMR and MS spectroscopy. Ab initio/DFT calculations of partial charges on nitrogen atoms in all the discussed heterocycles and on C(2) of carboxylate under applied conditions were predicted. These in silico results correlate relatively with the experimental observations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heck Coupling)
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Review

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227 KiB  
Review
The Hydroarylation Reaction—Scope and Limitations
by Jan C. Namyslo, Jörg Storsberg, Jens Klinge, Christian Gärtner, Min-Liang Yao, Nuket Ocal and Dieter Eckhard Kaufmann
Molecules 2010, 15(5), 3402-3410; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15053402 - 10 May 2010
Cited by 38 | Viewed by 13903
Abstract
The synthetic potential of stereoselective, palladium-catalyzed hydro(het)arylation reactions of bi-, tri- and tetracyclic (hetero)alkenes in the presence of phospines and arsines as highly efficient ligands was studied. The mechanism of this reductive Heck reaction becomes more complex in the case of benzonorbornenes. Hydroarylation [...] Read more.
The synthetic potential of stereoselective, palladium-catalyzed hydro(het)arylation reactions of bi-, tri- and tetracyclic (hetero)alkenes in the presence of phospines and arsines as highly efficient ligands was studied. The mechanism of this reductive Heck reaction becomes more complex in the case of benzonorbornenes. Hydroarylation of diazabicyclo-[2.2.1]heptenes provides a stereoselective access to aryldiaminocyclopentanes. Electron-deficient arylpalladium complexes shift the reaction towards the product of a formal 1,2-hydrazidoarylation reaction of 1,3-cyclopentadiene by a stereoselective C-N cleavage. Due to steric reasons, rigid bicyclo[2.2.2]octenes react slower in hydroarylation reactions than the corresponding bicyclo[2.2.1]heptenes. The more flexible bicyclo[4.2.2]decene system already tends to undergo domino-Heck reactions, even under reductive conditions. When a tetracyclic cis-allylcyclopropane is carbopalladated in the presence of formates, the neighboring cyclopropane ring is attacked in the first reported example of a π,σ domino-Heck reaction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heck Coupling)
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378 KiB  
Review
The Heck Reaction Applied to 1,3- and 1,2-Unsaturated Derivatives, a Way towards Molecular Complexity
by Annamaria Deagostino, Cristina Prandi, Silvia Tabasso and Paolo Venturello
Molecules 2010, 15(4), 2667-2685; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15042667 - 13 Apr 2010
Cited by 55 | Viewed by 12770
Abstract
This review is an overview of the last ten years’ use of the Mizoroki–Heck coupling applied to 1,2- and 1,3-dienes. Since both these systems form π-allyl palladium intermediates in Pd(0) coupling, they show particular chemical behavior. Many examples of 1,2-dienes Heck reactions are [...] Read more.
This review is an overview of the last ten years’ use of the Mizoroki–Heck coupling applied to 1,2- and 1,3-dienes. Since both these systems form π-allyl palladium intermediates in Pd(0) coupling, they show particular chemical behavior. Many examples of 1,2-dienes Heck reactions are presented. 1,2-Dienes are important substrates because of their high reactivity that makes them useful building blocks for the synthesis of biologically relevant structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heck Coupling)
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1077 KiB  
Review
The Heck Reaction in Ionic Liquids: Progress and Challenges
by Fabio Bellina and Cinzia Chiappe
Molecules 2010, 15(4), 2211-2245; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15042211 - 30 Mar 2010
Cited by 93 | Viewed by 11625
Abstract
As the interest for environmental increases and environmental laws become more stringent, the need to replace existing processes with new more sustainable technologies becomes a primary objective. The use of ionic liquids to replace organic solvents in metal catalyzed reactions has recently gained [...] Read more.
As the interest for environmental increases and environmental laws become more stringent, the need to replace existing processes with new more sustainable technologies becomes a primary objective. The use of ionic liquids to replace organic solvents in metal catalyzed reactions has recently gained much attention and great progress has been accomplished in this area in the last years. This paper reviews the recent developments in the application of ionic liquids and related systems (supported ionic liquids, ionic polymers, and so on) in the Heck reaction. Merits and achievements of ionic liquids were analyzed and discussed considering the possibility of increasing the effectiveness of industrial processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heck Coupling)
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255 KiB  
Review
Pd(II)/HPMoV-Catalyzed Direct Oxidative Coupling Reaction of Benzenes with Olefins
by Yasushi Obora and Yasutaka Ishii
Molecules 2010, 15(3), 1487-1500; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15031487 - 09 Mar 2010
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 8879
Abstract
The direct aerobic coupling reaction of arenes with olefins was successfully achieved by the use of Pd(OAc)2/molybdovanadophosphoric acid (HPMoV) as a key catalyst under 1 atm of dioxygen. This catalytic system could be extended to the coupling reaction of various substituted [...] Read more.
The direct aerobic coupling reaction of arenes with olefins was successfully achieved by the use of Pd(OAc)2/molybdovanadophosphoric acid (HPMoV) as a key catalyst under 1 atm of dioxygen. This catalytic system could be extended to the coupling reaction of various substituted benzenes with olefins such as acrylates, aclrolein, and ethylene through the direct aromatic C-H bond activation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heck Coupling)
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