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A New Diagnosis Tool of Cancer by Spectroscopic Analysis
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A New Diagnosis Tool of Cancer by Spectroscopic Analysis

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Analytical Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2021) | Viewed by 17855

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Norio Miyoshi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Molecular Chemistry, National University of Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
Interests: FT-IR microscopy; cancer imaging; fluorescence spectroscopy; far infrared spectroscopy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diagnosis of human cancer by pathologists has been based on the hematoxylin eosin (HE) stain for the last 140 years. Recently, however, many new kinds of spectroscopic analysis have suddenly been developed, especially in the field of the infrared region with laser and algorithm data analysis technologies, similar to a type of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Spectroscopic analysis technology does not involve stain treatment of the slice of cancer tissue, especially, raw tissue by Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and mass spectroscopic microscopes. In the raw tissue sample, there is no artificial image information which misses the lipid, the protein secondary conformation, and the water molecule one in cancerous, dying HE, as in MRI.

This issue will be able to identify the dependent spectroscopic parameters on cancer stages, malignancies, and to answer how to correspond to the many kinds of differentiations of the morphological parameters for each cancer case in the future with the help of analysis techniques of an algorithm, chemometric analysis, and a fractal theory to solve image correlation and/or similarity of HE stain.

Prof. Dr. Norio Miyoshi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  • Raman spectroscopy
  • fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)
  • mass spectroscopic microscopes
  • raw tissue
  • spectroscopic parameters
  • algorithm
  • chemometric analysis
  • hematoxylin eosin (HE) stain
  • differentiations of the morphological parameters

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 3746 KiB  
Article
Development of Flow Cytometric Assay for Detecting Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Related hsa-miR-146b-5p through Toehold-Mediated Strand Displacement Reaction on Magnetic Beads
by Yue Wu, Jiaxue Gao, Jia Wei, Jingjing Zhou, Xianying Meng and Zhenxin Wang
Molecules 2021, 26(6), 1628; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061628 - 15 Mar 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2023
Abstract
In this work, a simple enzyme-free flow cytometric assay (termed as TSDR-based flow cytometric assay) has been developed for the detection of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)-related microRNA (miRNA), hsa-miR-146b-5p with high performance through the toehold-mediated strand displacement reaction (TSDR) on magnetic beads (MBs). [...] Read more.
In this work, a simple enzyme-free flow cytometric assay (termed as TSDR-based flow cytometric assay) has been developed for the detection of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)-related microRNA (miRNA), hsa-miR-146b-5p with high performance through the toehold-mediated strand displacement reaction (TSDR) on magnetic beads (MBs). The complementary single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probe of hsa-miR-146b-5p was first immobilized on the surface of MB, which can partly hybridize with the carboxy-fluorescein (FAM)-modified ssDNA, resulting in strong fluorescence emission. In the presence of hsa-miR-146b-5p, the TSDR is trigged, and the FAM-modified ssDNA is released form the MB surface due to the formation of DNA/RNA heteroduplexes on the MB surface. The fluorescence emission change of MBs can be easily read by flow cytometry and is strongly dependent on the concentration of hsa-miR-146b-5p. Under optimal conditions, the TSDR-based flow cytometric assay exhibits good specificity, a wide linear range from 5 to 5000 pM and a relatively low detection limit (LOD, 3σ) of 4.21 pM. Moreover, the practicability of the assay was demonstrated by the analysis of hsa-miR-146b-5p amounts in different PTC cells and clinical PTC tissues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A New Diagnosis Tool of Cancer by Spectroscopic Analysis)
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11 pages, 2265 KiB  
Article
Raman Microspectroscopic Investigation and Classification of Breast Cancer Pathological Characteristics
by Heping Li, Tian Ning, Fan Yu, Yishen Chen, Baoping Zhang and Shuang Wang
Molecules 2021, 26(4), 921; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040921 - 09 Feb 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2543
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the major cancers of women in the world. Despite significant progress in its treatment, an early diagnosis can effectively reduce its incidence rate and mortality. To improve the reliability of Raman-based tumor detection and analysis methods, we conducted [...] Read more.
Breast cancer is one of the major cancers of women in the world. Despite significant progress in its treatment, an early diagnosis can effectively reduce its incidence rate and mortality. To improve the reliability of Raman-based tumor detection and analysis methods, we conducted an ex vivo study to unveil the compositional features of healthy control (HC), solid papillary carcinoma (SPC), mucinous carcinoma (MC), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) tissue samples. Following the identification of biological variations occurring as a result of cancer invasion, principal component analysis followed by linear discriminate analysis (PCA-LDA) algorithm were adopted to distinguish spectral variations among different breast tissue groups. The achieved results confirmed that after training, the constructed classification model combined with the leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) method was able to distinguish the different breast tissue types with 100% overall accuracy. The present study demonstrates that Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis technology has considerable potential for improving the efficiency and performance of breast cancer diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A New Diagnosis Tool of Cancer by Spectroscopic Analysis)
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14 pages, 17971 KiB  
Article
The Spectroscopic Similarity between Breast Cancer Tissues and Lymph Nodes Obtained from Patients with and without Recurrence: A Preliminary Study
by Joanna Depciuch, Agata Stanek-Widera, Nadia Khinevich, Hanna V. Bandarenka, Michal Kandler, Vadim Bayev, Julia Fedotova, Dariusz Lange, Jadwiga Stanek-Tarkowska and Jozef Cebulski
Molecules 2020, 25(14), 3295; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25143295 - 21 Jul 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2675
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) play a very important role in the spread of cancer cells. Moreover, it was noticed that the morphology and chemical composition of the LNs change in the course of cancer development. Therefore, finding and monitoring similarities between these characteristics of [...] Read more.
Lymph nodes (LNs) play a very important role in the spread of cancer cells. Moreover, it was noticed that the morphology and chemical composition of the LNs change in the course of cancer development. Therefore, finding and monitoring similarities between these characteristics of the LNs and tumor tissues are essential to improve diagnostics and therapy of this dreadful disease. In the present study, we used Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies to compare the chemical composition of the breast cancer tissues and LNs collected from women without (I group-4 patients) and with (II group-4 patients) recurrence. It was shown that the similarity of the chemical composition of the breast tissues and LNs is typical for the II group of the patients. The average Raman spectrum of the breast cancer tissues from the I group was not characterized by vibrations in the 800–1000 cm−1 region originating from collagen and carbohydrates, which are typical for tumor-affected breast tissues. At the same time, this spectrum contains peaks at 1029 cm−1, corresponding to PO2− from DNA, RNA and phospholipids, and 1520 cm−1, which have been observed in normal breast tissues before. It was shown that Raman bands of the average LN spectrum of the II group associated with proteins and carbohydrates are more intensive than those of the breast tissues spectrum. The intensity of the Raman spectra collected from the samples of the II group is almost three times higher compared to the I group. The vibrations of carbohydrates and amide III are much more intensive in the II group’s case. The Raman spectra of the breast cancer tissues and LNs of the II group’s samples do not contain bands (e.g., 1520 cm−1) found in the Raman spectra of the normal breast tissues elsewhere. FTIR spectra of the LNs of the I group’s women showed a lower level of vibrations corresponding to functional group building nucleic acid, collagen, carbohydrates, and proteins in comparison with the breast cancer tissues. Pearson’s correlation test showed positive and more significant interplay between the nature of the breast tissues and LN spectra obtained for the II group of patients than that in the I group’s spectra. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) showed that it is possible to distinguish Raman and FTIR spectra of the breast cancer tissues and LNs collected from women without recurrence of the disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A New Diagnosis Tool of Cancer by Spectroscopic Analysis)
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9 pages, 842 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Raman Spectroscopy for Reducing Unnecessary Biopsies for Melanoma Screening
by Yao Zhang, Austin J. Moy, Xu Feng, Hieu T. M. Nguyen, Katherine R. Sebastian, Jason S. Reichenberg, Claus O. Wilke, Mia K. Markey and James W. Tunnell
Molecules 2020, 25(12), 2852; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122852 - 20 Jun 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3009
Abstract
A key challenge in melanoma diagnosis is the large number of unnecessary biopsies on benign nevi, which requires significant amounts of time and money. To reduce unnecessary biopsies while still accurately detecting melanoma lesions, we propose using Raman spectroscopy as a non-invasive, fast, [...] Read more.
A key challenge in melanoma diagnosis is the large number of unnecessary biopsies on benign nevi, which requires significant amounts of time and money. To reduce unnecessary biopsies while still accurately detecting melanoma lesions, we propose using Raman spectroscopy as a non-invasive, fast, and inexpensive method for generating a “second opinion” for lesions being considered for biopsy. We collected in vivo Raman spectral data in the clinical skin screening setting from 52 patients, including 53 pigmented lesions and 7 melanomas. All lesions underwent biopsies based on clinical evaluation. Principal component analysis and logistic regression models with leave one lesion out cross validation were applied to classify melanoma and pigmented lesions for biopsy recommendations. Our model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUROC) of 0.903 and a specificity of 58.5% at perfect sensitivity. The number needed to treat for melanoma could have been decreased from 8.6 (60/7) to 4.1 (29/7). This study in a clinical skin screening setting shows the potential of Raman spectroscopy for reducing unnecessary skin biopsies with in vivo Raman data and is a significant step toward the application of Raman spectroscopy for melanoma screening in the clinic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A New Diagnosis Tool of Cancer by Spectroscopic Analysis)
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Review

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27 pages, 12358 KiB  
Review
Multimodal Functional Imaging for Cancer/Tumor Microenvironments Based on MRI, EPRI, and PET
by Ken-ichiro Matsumoto, James B. Mitchell and Murali C. Krishna
Molecules 2021, 26(6), 1614; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061614 - 14 Mar 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5457
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the main modalities to treat cancer/tumor. The response to radiation therapy, however, can be influenced by physiological and/or pathological conditions in the target tissues, especially by the low partial oxygen pressure and altered redox status in cancer/tumor tissues. [...] Read more.
Radiation therapy is one of the main modalities to treat cancer/tumor. The response to radiation therapy, however, can be influenced by physiological and/or pathological conditions in the target tissues, especially by the low partial oxygen pressure and altered redox status in cancer/tumor tissues. Visualizing such cancer/tumor patho-physiological microenvironment would be a useful not only for planning radiotherapy but also to detect cancer/tumor in an earlier stage. Tumor hypoxia could be sensed by positron emission tomography (PET), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oxygen mapping, and in vivo dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) MRI. Tissue oxygenation could be visualized on a real-time basis by blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) and/or tissue oxygen level dependent (TOLD) MRI signal. EPR imaging (EPRI) and/or T1-weighted MRI techniques can visualize tissue redox status non-invasively based on paramagnetic and diamagnetic conversions of nitroxyl radical contrast agent. 13C-DNP MRI can visualize glycometabolism of tumor/cancer tissues. Accurate co-registration of those multimodal images could make mechanisms of drug and/or relation of resulted biological effects clear. A multimodal instrument, such as PET-MRI, may have another possibility to link multiple functions. Functional imaging techniques individually developed to date have been converged on the concept of theranostics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A New Diagnosis Tool of Cancer by Spectroscopic Analysis)
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