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Biomass Materials in Materials Chemistry: Preparation and Characterization
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Biomass Materials in Materials Chemistry: Preparation and Characterization

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 11277

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Caiqin Qin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
2. Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
Interests: biomass material; food packing; chitosan; transformer oil; edible film; coating
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biomass materials are high molecular weight materials produced by nature, which is a sustainable development of resources. Biomass resources are mostly produced by plants or animals, such as various natural cellulose, chitin, lignin, polysaccharides, starch, rubber, natural resin, leather, nucleic acid, and protein, etc. The biomass resources synthesized by plants growing on the Earth every year are as high as 100 billion tons, plus the biomass resources produced by animals are even more. A variety of functional materials can be synthesized by using biomass resources, such as plant or animal tissue waste through different strategies and approaches. Although the research on biomass materials has been quite extensive, its research and application in food, environmental protection, energy, medicine, biology, and other fields is still worth discussing and paying attention to.

This Special Issue, “Biomass Materials in Materials Chemistry: Preparation and Characterization”, welcomes original research and review articles in the field, focusing on the relationship between the synthesis, preparation, and application of biomass-based materials. From agriculture to medicine, from pharmacology to chemistry, the contribution of these biomass resources in different applications such as catalytic carriers, pharmaceutical carriers, food packaging, thickening agents, etc., but not limited to, will also be welcomed.

Dr. Caiqin Qin
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomass material (including chitosan, chitin, starch and biomass waste)
  • catalyst
  • food packing
  • coating and film
  • adsorption

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 5673 KiB  
Article
Cellulose–Amine Porous Materials: The Effect of Activation Method on Structure, Textural Properties, CO2 Capture, and Recyclability
by Sarah Krupšová and Miroslav Almáši
Molecules 2024, 29(5), 1158; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29051158 - 05 Mar 2024
Viewed by 580
Abstract
CO2 capture via physical adsorption on activated porous carbons represents a promising solution towards effective carbon emission mitigation. Additionally, production costs can be further decreased by utilising biomass as the main precursor and applying energy-efficient activation. In this work, we developed novel [...] Read more.
CO2 capture via physical adsorption on activated porous carbons represents a promising solution towards effective carbon emission mitigation. Additionally, production costs can be further decreased by utilising biomass as the main precursor and applying energy-efficient activation. In this work, we developed novel cellulose-based activated carbons modified with amines (diethylenetriamine (DETA), 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane (BAPE), and melamine (MELA)) with different numbers of nitrogen atoms as in situ N-doping precursors. We investigated the effect of hydrothermal and thermal activation on the development of their physicochemical properties, which significantly influence the resulting CO2 adsorption capacity. This process entailed an initial hydrothermal activation of biomass precursor and amines at 240 °C, resulting in C+DETA, C+BAPE and C+MELA materials. Thermal samples (C+DETA (P), C+BAPE (P), and C+MELA (P)) were synthesised from hydrothermal materials by subsequent KOH chemical activation and pyrolysis in an inert argon atmosphere. Their chemical and structural properties were characterised using elemental analysis (CHN), infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The calculated specific surface areas (SBET) for thermal products showed higher values (998 m2 g−1 for C+DETA (P), 1076 m2 g−1 for C+BAPE (P), and 1348 m2 g−1 for C+MELA (P)) compared to the hydrothermal products (769 m2 g−1 for C+DETA, 833 m2 g−1 for C+BAPE, and 1079 m2 g−1 for C+MELA). Carbon dioxide adsorption as measured by volumetric and gravimetric methods at 0 and 25 °C, respectively, showed the opposite trend, which can be attributed to the reduced content of primary adsorption sites in the form of amine groups in thermal products. N2 and CO2 adsorption measurements were carried out on hydrothermal (C) and pyrolysed cellulose (C (P)), which showed a several-fold reduction in adsorption properties compared to amine-modified materials. The recyclability of C+MELA, which showed the highest CO2 adsorption capacity (7.34 mmol g−1), was studied using argon purging and thermal regeneration over five adsorption/desorption cycles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass Materials in Materials Chemistry: Preparation and Characterization)
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14 pages, 3569 KiB  
Article
Improved Viability of Probiotics via Microencapsulation in Whey-Protein-Isolate-Octenyl-Succinic-Anhydride-Starch-Complex Coacervates
by Qingqing Liu, Chutian Lin, Xue Yang, Shuwen Wang, Yunting Yang, Yanting Liu, Mingming Xiong, Yisha Xie, Qingbin Bao and Yongjun Yuan
Molecules 2023, 28(15), 5732; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155732 - 28 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1108
Abstract
The aim of this study was to microencapsulate probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus 11073) using whey-protein-isolate (WPI)–octenyl-succinic-anhydride-starch (OSA-starch)-complex coacervates and to investigate the effects on probiotic bacterial viability during spray drying, simulated gastrointestinal digestion, thermal treatment and long-term storage. The optimum mixing ratio [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to microencapsulate probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus 11073) using whey-protein-isolate (WPI)–octenyl-succinic-anhydride-starch (OSA-starch)-complex coacervates and to investigate the effects on probiotic bacterial viability during spray drying, simulated gastrointestinal digestion, thermal treatment and long-term storage. The optimum mixing ratio and pH for the preparation of WPI-OSA-starch-complex coacervates were determined to be 2:1 and 4.0, respectively. The combination of WPI and OSA starch under these conditions produced microcapsules with smoother surfaces and more compact structures than WPI-OSA starch alone, due to the electrostatic attraction between WPI and OSA starch. As a result, WPI-OSA-starch microcapsules showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher viability (95.94 ± 1.64%) after spray drying and significantly (p < 0.05) better protection during simulated gastrointestinal digestion, heating (65 °C/30 min and 75 °C/10 min) and storage (4/25 °C for 12 weeks) than WPI-OSA-starch microcapsules. These results demonstrated that WPI-OSA-starch-complex coacervates have excellent potential as a novel wall material for probiotic microencapsulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass Materials in Materials Chemistry: Preparation and Characterization)
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18 pages, 4611 KiB  
Article
Novel Adsorbent Material from Plinia cauliflora for Removal of Cationic Dye from Aqueous Solution
by Natalia Nara Janner, Luana Vaz Tholozan, Guilherme Kurz Maron, Neftali Lenin Villarreal Carreno, Alaor Valério Filho and Gabriela Silveira da Rosa
Molecules 2023, 28(10), 4066; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104066 - 12 May 2023
Viewed by 864
Abstract
The food industry is responsible for the generation of large amounts of organic residues, which can lead to negative environmental and economic impacts when incorrectly disposed of. The jaboticaba peel is an example of organic waste, widely used in industry due to its [...] Read more.
The food industry is responsible for the generation of large amounts of organic residues, which can lead to negative environmental and economic impacts when incorrectly disposed of. The jaboticaba peel is an example of organic waste, widely used in industry due to its organoleptic characteristcs. In this study, residues collected during the extraction of bioactive compounds from jaboticaba bark (JB) were chemically activated with H3PO4 and NaOH and used to develop a low-cost adsorbent material for the removal of the cationic dye methylene blue (MB). For all adsorbents, the batch tests were carried out with the adsorbent dosage of 0.5 g L−1 and neutral pH, previously determined by 22 factorial design. In the kinetics tests, JB and JB-NaOH presented a fast adsorption rate, reaching equilibrium in 30 min. For JB-H3PO4, the equilibrium was reached in 60 min. JB equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir model and JB-NaOH and JB-H3PO4 data by the Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacities from JB, JB-NaOH, and JB-H3PO4 were 305.81 mg g−1, 241.10 mg g−1, and 122.72 mg g−1, respectively. The results indicate that chemical activations promoted an increase in the volume of large pores but interacted with functional groups responsible for MB adsorption. Therefore, JB has the highest adsorption capacity, thus presenting as a low-cost and sustainable alternative to add value to the product, and it also contributes to water decontamination studies, resulting in a zero-waste approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass Materials in Materials Chemistry: Preparation and Characterization)
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20 pages, 10426 KiB  
Article
Use of Piranha Solution as An Alternative Route to Promote Bioactivation of PEEK Surface with Low Functionalization Times
by Flavia Suzany Ferreira dos Santos, José Filipe Bacalhau Rodrigues, Milena Costa da Silva, Maria Eduarda Vasconcelos Barreto, Henrique Nunes da Silva, Suédina Maria de Lima Silva and Marcus Vinicius Lia Fook
Molecules 2023, 28(1), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010074 - 22 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2504
Abstract
This study aimed to achieve bioactivity on the PEEK surface using piranha solution through a lower functionalization time. For this purpose, the functionalization occurred with piranha solution and 98% sulfuric acid in the proportions of 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1 at periods of 30, [...] Read more.
This study aimed to achieve bioactivity on the PEEK surface using piranha solution through a lower functionalization time. For this purpose, the functionalization occurred with piranha solution and 98% sulfuric acid in the proportions of 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1 at periods of 30, 60, and 90 s. The samples treated for longer times at higher concentrations registered the characteristic spectroscopy band associated with sulfonation. Additionally, both chemical treatments allowed the opening of the aromatic ring, increasing the number of functional groups available and making the surface more hydrophilic. The piranha solution treatments with higher concentrations and longer times promoted greater heterogeneity in the surface pores, which affected the roughness of untreated PEEK. Furthermore, the treatments induced calcium deposition on the surface during immersion in SBF fluid. In conclusion, the proposed chemical modifications using sulfuric acid SPEEK 90 and, especially, the piranha solution PEEK-PS 2:1-90, were demonstrated to be promising in promoting the rapid bioactivation of PEEK-based implants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass Materials in Materials Chemistry: Preparation and Characterization)
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17 pages, 10008 KiB  
Article
Preparation of a Montmorillonite-Modified Chitosan Film-Loaded Palladium Heterogeneous Catalyst and its Application in the Preparation of Biphenyl Compounds
by Zhifei Meng, Zijian Wang, Yu Li, Wei Li, Kewang Zheng, Zufeng Xiao, Wei Wang and Qin Caiqin
Molecules 2022, 27(24), 8984; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248984 - 16 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1027
Abstract
The natural polymer chitosan was modified with polyvinyl alcohol to enhance the mechanical properties of the membrane, and then, the montmorillonite-modified chitosan-loaded palladium catalyst was prepared using the excellent coordination properties of montmorillonite. The results showed that the catalyst has good tensile strength, [...] Read more.
The natural polymer chitosan was modified with polyvinyl alcohol to enhance the mechanical properties of the membrane, and then, the montmorillonite-modified chitosan-loaded palladium catalyst was prepared using the excellent coordination properties of montmorillonite. The results showed that the catalyst has good tensile strength, thermal stability, catalytic activity, and recycling performance and is a green catalytic material with industrial application potential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass Materials in Materials Chemistry: Preparation and Characterization)
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12 pages, 8491 KiB  
Article
Green Preparation of Durian Rind-Based Cellulose Nanofiber and Its Application in Aerogel
by Huwei Xing, Yongsheng Fei, Jingru Cheng, Congcong Wang, Jingjing Zhang, Chenxi Niu, Qian Fu, Jiali Cheng and Lingbin Lu
Molecules 2022, 27(19), 6507; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196507 - 02 Oct 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1974
Abstract
In this study, a green, highly efficient and low energy consumption preparation method of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was developed by using agricultural and forestry waste durian rinds as raw materials. The power of ultrasonic treatment was successfully reduced to only 360 W with [...] Read more.
In this study, a green, highly efficient and low energy consumption preparation method of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was developed by using agricultural and forestry waste durian rinds as raw materials. The power of ultrasonic treatment was successfully reduced to only 360 W with low molecular weight liquid DMSO. The obtained durian rind-based CNF had a diameter of 8–20 nm and a length of several micrometers. It had good dispersion and stability in water, and could spontaneously cross-link to form hydrogel at room temperature when the concentration was more than 0.5%. The microscopic morphology and compressive properties of CNF aerogels and composite cellulose aerogels prepared from durian rind-based CNF were evaluated. It was found that CNF could effectively prevent the volume shrinkage of aerogel, and the concentration of CNF had a significant effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of aerogel. The CNF aerogel with 1% CNF exhibited a sheet structure braced by fibers, which had the strongest compression performance. The porosity of CNF aerogels was high to 99%. The compressive strength of the composite cellulose aerogel with durian rind-based CNF was effectively enhanced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass Materials in Materials Chemistry: Preparation and Characterization)
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Review

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18 pages, 2436 KiB  
Review
The Development of the Antibacterial Microcapsules of Citrus Essential Oil for the Cosmetotextile Application: A Review
by Euis Julaeha, Mohamad Nurzaman, Tatang Wahyudi, Sarifah Nurjanah, Nandang Permadi and Jamaludin Al Anshori
Molecules 2022, 27(22), 8090; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27228090 - 21 Nov 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2589
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) obtained from the Citrus genus were reported to exhibit good antimicrobial activity. Therefore, they can potentially be applied in daily necessities such as textile sectors as antibacterial functional fabric products. However, a packaging technique to retain such volatile and labile [...] Read more.
Essential oils (EOs) obtained from the Citrus genus were reported to exhibit good antimicrobial activity. Therefore, they can potentially be applied in daily necessities such as textile sectors as antibacterial functional fabric products. However, a packaging technique to retain such volatile and labile active substances is compulsory. In particular, microencapsulation was found to be a common coating technique employed to protect EOs from the effects of light, heat, humidity, stability, and controlled release of active substances. Various microencapsulation techniques have been introduced, but the most widely used method is complex coacervation, as it is simple, inexpensive, and capable of snaring high essential oils. Hence, this review focused on the microencapsulation of the most consumable citrus EOs with complex coacervation methods and their immobilization on commonly carried-out fabrics. In addition, it also discusses the isolation methods of the EOs, their chemical composition, and the mechanism of antibacterial action. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass Materials in Materials Chemistry: Preparation and Characterization)
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