Analysis of Geological Samples by Spectrochemical Techniques
A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Analytical Chemistry".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2020) | Viewed by 4535
Special Issue Editor
Interests: laser spectroscopy; spectroscopy with diode lasers; elemental analysis with inductively coupled plasma; reversible sorption preconcentration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
Geochemistry is the science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to determine and explain the mechanisms of behavior of elements in major geological processes that occur in Earth's crust, mantle, and its surface. The realm of geochemistry extends beyond the Earth, encompassing the entire solar system, and has made important contributions to the understanding of a number of processes including the formation of planets and origins of different rocks around the solar system. Besides “pure” scientific problems of the Earth and planet formation, geochemistry gives more utilitarian knowledge about the natural resources. Thus, concentrations of specific different elements can be the tracers for the prospecting and discovery of noble and rare Earth metals deposits and other valuable mineral resources. The results of such analysis are critically important for the estimation of the economic efficiency of the extraction and processing of the precious elements. Another extremely important area of the application of the analytical spectrochemical techniques is the control and protection of the environment. In a wide sense of the word the soils, dust, plants, all types of water are the geochemical objects.
Nowadays, spectroscopy is the main tool to obtain new data on elemental, isotopic, and mineralogic composition of rocks, soils, sediments. Most developed spectroscopic techniques are used in this research—X-ray fluorescence (XRF), atomic emission and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES, ICP-MS), Isotope Dilution MS, Laser Ablation (LA) followed by emission spectroscopy of the ignited laser plasma (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy—LIBS), hyphenated LA-ICP-MS technique. Some techniques (XRF, LIBS, LA-ICP-MS) can be used for direct analysis of solid samples. Direct analysis is of course the most preferable technique for avoiding the stage of a solid sample digestion. But extremely low concentrations of noble metals (NMs) and REEs cannot be determined directly because of the inadequate sensitivity of the direct techniques. LA-ICP-MS is the powerful technique for the analysis of the element inclusions in the minerals. For determination of trace and clarke concentrations of NMs and REEs the most sensitive technique—ICP-MS- with the preliminary sample digestion and in some cases preconcentration is most commonly used.
This Special Issue is devoted to recent advances in applications of different spectroscopic techniques for mostly elemental and isotopic analysis of geochemically important materials like rocks, soils, sediments. We hope that researchers interested in the state-of-the-art and future potentials of analytical spectroscopy to resolve different problems of geochemistry shall find this volume a valuable editorial tool for the publication of their results.
Prof. Michael Bolshov
Guest Editor
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Keywords
- Spectrochemical analysis
- Geological and environmental objects
- XFS
- ICP-MS/OES
- Laser ablation
- LIBS
- Sample pretreatment
