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Recent Advances in Apoptotic and Anti-inflammatory Agents
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Recent Advances in Apoptotic and Anti-inflammatory Agents

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 13999

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Syam Mohan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Interests: drug discovery; cancer; inflammation; natural products; disease biology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is widely regarded as an essential component of a variety of processes, such as embryonic development, hormone-dependent atrophy, regular cell turnover, and the proper development and function of the immune system. The process of apoptosis is an essential component in the search for treatments for many diseases. For instance, the mechanism of apoptosis is regarded a key mode of action in the development of anti-cancer drugs because it eliminates unwanted cells in a methodical and controlled manner. On the contrary, in neurodegenerative diseases, for example, the prevention of apoptosis is a desirable mode of action.

A vital component of the body's healing process is inflammation. Through the management of a number of different inflammatory processes, the inflammatory response protects the host from potentially hazardous external elements such as bacteria and fungus, and also works to eradicate these potentially harmful external factors and wounded cells. On the other hand, excessive inflammatory reactions may lead to the increased generation of inflammatory mediators, which in turn can cause a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases such as cancer.

This Special Issue, entitled “Recent Advances in Apoptotic and Anti-inflammatory Agents”, aims to collect original and review articles on agents that can encourage the regulation, prevention, and induction of apoptosis and/or inflammation in different disease models.

Dr. Syam Mohan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • apoptosis
  • inflammation
  • cancer
  • mechanism of action
  • efficacy
  • chronic diseases

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2564 KiB  
Article
An Interleukin-17 Isoform from Thick Shell Mussel Mytilus coruscus Serves as a Mediator of Inflammatory Response
by Jiemei Zhao, Zhenyu Dong, Li Zhu, Weihua Song and Pengzhi Qi
Molecules 2023, 28(4), 1806; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041806 - 14 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1559
Abstract
The inflammatory cytokine interleukin-17 (IL17) plays an important role in innate immunity by binding to its receptors (IL17Rs) to activate immune defense signals. To date, information on members of the IL17 family is still very limited in molluscan species. Here, a novel member [...] Read more.
The inflammatory cytokine interleukin-17 (IL17) plays an important role in innate immunity by binding to its receptors (IL17Rs) to activate immune defense signals. To date, information on members of the IL17 family is still very limited in molluscan species. Here, a novel member of the IL17 family was identified and characterized from thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus, and this gene was designated as McIL17-1 by predicting structural domains and phylogenetic analysis. McIL17-1 transcripts existed in all examined tissues with high expression levels in gills, hemocytes and digestive glands. After the stimuli of different pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) for 72 h, transcriptional expression of McIL17-1 was significantly upregulated, except for poly I:C stimulation. Cytoplasm localization of McIL17-1 was shown in HEK293T cells by fluorescence microscopy. Further, in vivo and in vitro assays were performed to evaluate the potential function of McIL17-1 played in immune response. McIL17-1 was either knocked down or overexpressed in vivo through RNA inference (RNAi) and recombinant protein injection, respectively. With the infection of living Vibrio alginolyticus, a high mortality rate was exhibited in the McIL17-1 overexpressed group compared to the control group, while a lower mortality rate was observed in the McIL17-1 knocked down group than control group. In vitro, the flow cytometric analysis showed that the apoptosis rate of McIL17-1 inhibited hemocytes was significantly lower than that of the control group after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. These results collectively suggested that the newly identified IL17 isoform is involved in the inflammatory response to bacterial infection in M. coruscus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Apoptotic and Anti-inflammatory Agents)
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Review

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28 pages, 3415 KiB  
Review
Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators: Endogenous Roles and Pharmacological Activities in Infections
by Fernanda S. Rasquel-Oliveira, Matheus Deroco Veloso da Silva, Geovana Martelossi-Cebinelli, Victor Fattori, Rubia Casagrande and Waldiceu A. Verri, Jr.
Molecules 2023, 28(13), 5032; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28135032 - 27 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3088
Abstract
During an infection, inflammation mobilizes immune cells to eliminate the pathogen and protect the host. However, inflammation can be detrimental when exacerbated and/or chronic. The resolution phase of the inflammatory process is actively orchestrated by the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), generated from [...] Read more.
During an infection, inflammation mobilizes immune cells to eliminate the pathogen and protect the host. However, inflammation can be detrimental when exacerbated and/or chronic. The resolution phase of the inflammatory process is actively orchestrated by the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), generated from omega-3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that bind to different G-protein coupled receptors to exert their activity. As immunoresolvents, SPMs regulate the influx of leukocytes to the inflammatory site, reduce cytokine and chemokine levels, promote bacterial clearance, inhibit the export of viral transcripts, enhance efferocytosis, stimulate tissue healing, and lower antibiotic requirements. Metabolomic studies have evaluated SPM levels in patients and animals during infection, and temporal regulation of SPMs seems to be essential to properly coordinate a response against the microorganism. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on SPM biosynthesis and classifications, endogenous production profiles and their effects in animal models of bacterial, viral and parasitic infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Apoptotic and Anti-inflammatory Agents)
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26 pages, 3103 KiB  
Review
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Marine Bioactive Compounds and Their Potential as Functional Food Ingredients in the Prevention and Treatment of Neuroinflammatory Disorders
by Mohamed Elbandy
Molecules 2023, 28(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010002 - 20 Dec 2022
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3098
Abstract
Functional foods include enhanced, enriched, fortified, or whole foods that impart health benefits beyond their nutritional value, particularly when consumed as part of a varied diet on a regular basis at effective levels. Marine sources can serve as the sources of various healthy [...] Read more.
Functional foods include enhanced, enriched, fortified, or whole foods that impart health benefits beyond their nutritional value, particularly when consumed as part of a varied diet on a regular basis at effective levels. Marine sources can serve as the sources of various healthy foods and numerous functional food ingredients with biological effects can be derived from these sources. Microalgae, macroalgae, crustaceans, fungi, bacteria fish, and fish by-products are the most common marine sources that can provide many potential functional food ingredients including phenolic compounds, proteins and peptides, and polysaccharides. Neuroinflammation is closely linked with the initiation and progression of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. Activation of astrocytes and microglia is a defense mechanism of the brain to counter damaged tissues and detrimental pathogens, wherein their chronic activation triggers neuroinflammation that can further exacerbate or induce neurodegeneration. Currently, available therapeutic agents only provide symptomatic relief from these disorders and no therapies are available to stop or slow down the advancement of neurodegeneration. Thereffore, natural compounds that can exert a protective effect against these disorders have therapeutic potential. Numerous chemical compounds, including bioactive peptides, fatty acids, pigments, alkaloids, and polysaccharides, have already been isolated from marine sources that show anti-inflammatory properties, which can be effective in the treatment and prevention of neuroinflammatory disorders. The anti-inflammatory potential of marine-derived compounds as functional food ingredients in the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders is covered in this review. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Apoptotic and Anti-inflammatory Agents)
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25 pages, 1637 KiB  
Review
Potential Roles of Anti-Inflammatory Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds Targeting Inflammation in Microvascular Complications of Diabetes
by Yahia A. Kaabi
Molecules 2022, 27(21), 7352; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217352 - 29 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2929
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders, the characteristics of which include chronic hyperglycemia owing to defects in insulin function, insulin secretion, or both. Inflammation plays a crucial role in DM pathogenesis and innate immunity in the development of microvascular complications [...] Read more.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders, the characteristics of which include chronic hyperglycemia owing to defects in insulin function, insulin secretion, or both. Inflammation plays a crucial role in DM pathogenesis and innate immunity in the development of microvascular complications of diabetes. In addition, hyperglycemia and DM mediate a proinflammatory microenvironment that can result in various microvascular complications, including diabetic nephropathy (DNP), diabetic neuropathy (DN), and diabetic retinopathy (DR). DNP is a major cause of end-stage renal disease. DNP can lead to albuminuria, decreased filtration, mesangium expansion, thickening of the basement membrane, and eventually renal failure. Furthermore, inflammatory cells can accumulate in the interstitium and glomeruli to deteriorate DNP. DN is another most prevalent microvascular complication of DM and the main cause of high mortality, disability, and a poor quality of life. DNs have a wide range of clinical manifestations because of the types of fiber dysfunctions and complex structures of the peripheral nervous system. DR is also a microvascular and multifactorial disease, as well as a major cause of visual impairment globally. Pathogenesis of DR is yet to be fully revealed, however, numerous studies have already confirmed the role of inflammation in the onset and advancement of DR. Despite evidence, and better knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of these microvascular complications of diabetes, there is still a deficiency of effective therapies. Bioactive compounds are mainly derived from plants, and these molecules have promising therapeutic potential. In this review, evidence and molecular mechanisms regarding the role of inflammation in various microvascular complications of diabetes including DNP, DN, and DR, have been summarized. The therapeutic potential of several bioactive compounds derived from plants in the treatment of these microvascular complications of diabetes has also been discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Apoptotic and Anti-inflammatory Agents)
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33 pages, 3079 KiB  
Review
Potential of Therapeutic Small Molecules in Apoptosis Regulation in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Updated Review
by Hamad Ghaleb Dailah
Molecules 2022, 27(21), 7207; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217207 - 25 Oct 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2855
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) include Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and the common feature of NDs is the progressive death of specific neurons in the brain. Apoptosis is very important in developing the nervous system, [...] Read more.
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) include Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and the common feature of NDs is the progressive death of specific neurons in the brain. Apoptosis is very important in developing the nervous system, nonetheless an elevated level of cell death has been observed in the case of NDs. NDs are different in terms of their neuronal vulnerability and clinical manifestations, however they have some overlapping neurodegenerative pathways. It has been demonstrated by several studies with cell lines and animal models that apoptosis has a significant contribution to make in advancing AD, ALS, HD, and PD. Numerous dying neurons were also identified in the brains of individuals with NDs and these conditions were found to be linked with substantial cell loss along with common characteristics of apoptosis including activation of caspases and cysteine-proteases, DNA fragmentation, and chromatin condensation. It has been demonstrated that several therapeutic agents including antioxidants, minocycline, GAPDH ligands, p53 inhibitors, JNK (c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase) inhibitors, glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, D2 dopamine receptor agonists, FK506, cell cycle inhibitors, statins, drugs targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and gene therapy have the potential to provide protection to neurons against apoptosis. Therefore, the use of these potential therapeutic agents might be beneficial in the treatment of NDs. In this review, we have summarized the pathways that are linked with apoptotic neuronal death in the case of various NDs. We have particularly focused on the therapeutic agents that have neuroprotective properties and the potential to regulate apoptosis in NDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Apoptotic and Anti-inflammatory Agents)
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