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Adsorbent Material for Water Treatment
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Adsorbent Material for Water Treatment

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2024) | Viewed by 2988

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Noureddine Barka

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation Laboratory, Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, FP Khouribga, BP.145, Khouribga 2500, Morocco
Interests: adsorption; composites materials; nanomaterials; nanotechnology; ecology; heterogeneous catalysis; thin films
Dr. Abdelrahman O. Ezzat

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Interests: hydrogel, nanocomposite and nanomaterials for drug delivery and water purification

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The rapid growth of various manufacturing industries leads to increasing contaminants in water and wastewater which threatens the environment and public health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to remove different pollutants involving toxic metals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, textile dyes and other emerging contaminants from aqueous bodies to obtain clean water for drinking and other purposes. Various treatment methods have been used to clean water including physical and chemical methods as well as biological degradation. One of the most efficient and economic methods is the adsorption technique as it is simple, easy to operate, controllable, and there are no byproducts formed during the treatment process. Adsorption technology is a form of wastewater treatment uses various materials including among others, biochars, activated carbons, ordered mesoporous carbons, zeolites, hydroxyapatites, minerals, oxides, hydrogel, composites, graphene-based materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and activated carbon. As a result, the development and application of new effective and economic materials that can be used at full scale with high efficiency have captured scientific interest.

This Special Issue comprises a selection of recent studies on the preparation, synthesis, characterization and application innovative solid adsorbents to trap pollutants from water. We are pleased to invite you to submit scientific articles, reviews and short communications discussing the latest developments in the application of adsorbent materials. The investigation of their usage in wastewater treatment is extremely important in the context of the development of innovative technologies.

Prof. Dr. Noureddine Barka
Dr. Abdelrahman O. Ezzat
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pollutants
  • emerging contaminants
  • adsorption
  • water purification
  • regeneration of adsorbents

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 6366 KiB  
Article
Reconstructing Kaolinite Compounds for Remarkably Enhanced Adsorption of Congo Red
by Ting Liu, Xinle Li, Hao Wang, Mingyang Li, Hua Yang, Yunhui Liao, Wufei Tang, Yong Li and Fang Liu
Molecules 2024, 29(9), 2121; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29092121 - 03 May 2024
Viewed by 269
Abstract
Organic dyes are widely used in many important areas, but they also bring many issues for water pollution. To address the above issues, a reconstructed kaolinite hybrid compound (γ-AlOOH@A-Kaol) was obtained from raw kaolinite (Kaol) in this work. The product was then characterized [...] Read more.
Organic dyes are widely used in many important areas, but they also bring many issues for water pollution. To address the above issues, a reconstructed kaolinite hybrid compound (γ-AlOOH@A-Kaol) was obtained from raw kaolinite (Kaol) in this work. The product was then characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the absorption properties of γ-AlOOH@A-Kaol for congo red were further studied. The results demonstrated that flower-like γ-AlOOH with nanolamellae were uniformly loaded on the surface of acid-treated Kaol with a porous structure (A-Kaol). In addition, the surface area (36.5 m2/g), pore volume (0.146 cm3/g), and pore size (13.0 nm) of γ-AlOOH@A-Kaol were different from those of A-Kaol (127.4 m2/g, 0.127 cm3/g, and 4.28 nm, respectively) and γ-AlOOH (34.1 m2/g, 0.315 cm3/g, and 21.5 nm, respectively). The unique structure could significantly enhance the sorption capacity for congo red, which could exceed 1000 mg/g. The reasons may be ascribed to the abundant groups of -OH, large specific surface area, and porous structure of γ-AlOOH@A-Kaol. This work provides an efficient route for comprehensive utilization and production of Kaol-based compound materials that could be used in the field of environmental conservation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adsorbent Material for Water Treatment)
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28 pages, 4205 KiB  
Article
Process Optimization and Equilibrium, Thermodynamic, and Kinetic Modeling of Toxic Congo Red Dye Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions Using a Copper Ferrite Nanocomposite Adsorbent
by Vairavel Parimelazhagan, Akhil Chinta, Gaurav Ganesh Shetty, Srinivasulu Maddasani, Wei-Lung Tseng, Jayashree Ethiraj, Ganeshraja Ayyakannu Sundaram and Alagarsamy Santhana Krishna Kumar
Molecules 2024, 29(2), 418; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29020418 - 15 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1561
Abstract
In the present investigation of copper ferrite, a CuFe2O4 nanocomposite adsorbent was synthesized using the sol–gel method, and its relevance in the adsorptive elimination of the toxic Congo red (CR) aqueous phase was examined. A variety of structural methods were [...] Read more.
In the present investigation of copper ferrite, a CuFe2O4 nanocomposite adsorbent was synthesized using the sol–gel method, and its relevance in the adsorptive elimination of the toxic Congo red (CR) aqueous phase was examined. A variety of structural methods were used to analyze the CuFe2O4 nanocomposite; the as-synthesized nanocomposite had agglomerated clusters with a porous, irregular, rough surface that could be seen using FE-SEM, and it also contained carbon (23.47%), oxygen (44.31%), copper (10.21%), and iron (22.01%) in its elemental composition by weight. Experiments were designed to achieve the most optimized system through the utilization of a central composite design (CCD). The highest uptake of CR dye at equilibrium occurred when the initial pH value was 5.5, the adsorbate concentration was 125 mg/L, and the adsorbent dosage was 3.5 g/L. Kinetic studies were conducted, and they showed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order (PSO) model (regression coefficient, R2 = 0.9998), suggesting a chemisorption mechanism, and the overall reaction rate was governed by both the film and pore diffusion of adsorbate molecules. The process through which dye molecules were taken up onto the particle surface revealed interactions involving electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding, and pore filling. According to isotherm studies, the equilibrium data exhibited strong agreement with the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.9989), demonstrating a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qmax) of 64.72 mg/g at pH 6 and 302 K. Considering the obtained negative ΔG and positive ΔHads and ΔSads values across all tested temperatures in the thermodynamic investigations, it was confirmed that the adsorption process was characterized as endothermic, spontaneous, and feasible, with an increased level of randomness. The CuFe2O4 adsorbent developed in this study is anticipated to find extensive application in effluent treatment, owing to its excellent reusability and remarkable capability to effectively remove CR in comparison to other adsorbents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adsorbent Material for Water Treatment)
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17 pages, 7588 KiB  
Article
The Physicochemical Characteristics and Heavy Metal Retention Capability of Black Liquor Lignin-Based Biochars
by Zhanghong Wang and Jiale Li
Molecules 2023, 28(23), 7694; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28237694 - 21 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 759
Abstract
Due to its high carbon content, lignin, particularly for lignin-containing solid waste, is considered an excellent raw material for the preparation of carbon materials like biochar. To produce high-quality lignin-based biochar (LGBCs), lignin extracted from black liquor was employed to prepare biochar at [...] Read more.
Due to its high carbon content, lignin, particularly for lignin-containing solid waste, is considered an excellent raw material for the preparation of carbon materials like biochar. To produce high-quality lignin-based biochar (LGBCs), lignin extracted from black liquor was employed to prepare biochar at various pyrolysis temperatures (300~600 °C). The physicochemical properties of LGBCs were assessed using scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the adsorption capability and potential mechanism of LGBCs in removing Cd(II) were investigated as well. The results indicate that LGBCs produced at higher pyrolysis temperatures exhibit rougher surfaces and more developed pore structures, which facilitate the exposure of numerous active adsorption sites. The adsorption of Cd(II) by LGBCs generally follows the order of LG-300C < LG-400C < LG-500C < LG-600C. According to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of LG-600C for Cd(II) is calculated to be 18.54 mg/g. Adsorption mechanism analysis reveals that the complexation interaction, dependent on the surface functional groups, plays a crucial role in the adsorption of Cd(II) by LGBCs prepared at higher pyrolysis temperatures. This study demonstrates that, by controlling the pyrolysis temperature during biochar preparation, high-quality lignin-based biochar can be readily obtained. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adsorbent Material for Water Treatment)
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