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Organic Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Applications

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A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Organic Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 6053

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Dr. Francisco J.R. Mejías

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1. Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, c/ Avenida República Saharaui, 7, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
2. Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Interests: organic nanoparticles; core-shell nanoparticles; encapsulation; macrocycle; organic nanotubes; metal organic frameworks; micelles

Dr. Jesús G. Zorrilla

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1. Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, Facultad de Ciencias, c/ Avenida República Saharaui 7, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
2. Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
Interests: organic chemistry; organic synthesis; phytochemistry; biological activity; organic nanomaterials

Prof. Dr. Francisco A. Macias

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Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
Interests: medicinal chemistry; organic chemistry; organic nanomaterials; phytochemistry; agricultural plant science; plant protection and animal health; ecology; nanomaterial application
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The synthesis of nanomaterials is a relevant technique within chemistry, with applicability in different fields. This is known by all researchers because of the interesting properties offered at the nanoscale. Several years ago, the use of fully organic nanomaterials attracted researchers’ interest thanks to the possibility of more biocompatible, easily degraded, and environmentally friendly nanostructures. The synthesis processes of these compounds represent a great challenge, since they must offer simplicity and short execution time so that they can be applied on a large scale. In addition, thanks to all the possible applications they offer, such as medicine, energy, agriculture, or ecology, more and more resources are being invested in them. Usually, these organic nanomaterials have interesting applications on their own, but in other cases, they can be useful because of their ability to transport other compounds, either on the surface or on the inside. Their uses as drug or herbicide carriers and as gas storage for energy production are the main examples that demonstrate the importance of organic nanomaterials.

This Special Issue will collect studies and reviews on the synthesis, characterization, and application of organic nanomaterials, both with biological activities and with potential application in other fields.

Dr. Francisco J.R. Mejías
Dr. Jesús G. Zorrilla
Prof. Dr. Francisco A. Macias
Guest Editors

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Keywords

organic nanoparticles
nanomaterial
nanobiomaterial
encapsulation drugs
nanodrugs
organic nanostructure
organic nanotubes
MOFs
COFs

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 14729 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Rational Design and Multicomponent Synthesis of Lipid–Peptoid Nanocomposites towards a Customized Drug Delivery System Assembly

by Thaissa Pasquali F. Rosalba, Guilherme D. R. Matos, Carlos Eduardo M. Salvador and Carlos Kleber Z. Andrade

Molecules 2023, 28(15), 5725; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155725 - 28 Jul 2023

Viewed by 887

Abstract

Nanotechnology has assumed a significant role over the last decade in the development of various technologies applied to health sciences. This becomes even more evident with its application in controlled drug delivery systems. In this context, peptoids are a promising class of compounds for application as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems. These compounds can be obtained efficiently and with highly functionalized structural diversity via the Ugi 4-component reaction (U-4CR). Herein, we report the design of the process control strategy for the future development of lipid–peptoid-based customized drug delivery system assemblies. Over 20 lipid–peptoid nanocomposites were synthesized via the U-4CR in good to excellent yields. These products were successfully submitted to the nanoparticle formation by the emulsification–evaporation process from lipophilic solution and analyzed via Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Several molecules generated nanoparticles with a size ≤200 nm, making them good candidates for drug delivery systems, such as in cancer treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organic Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Applications)

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17 pages, 8497 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Exploring Their Potential of Reducing the Contamination of the In Vitro Culture Media and Inducing the Callus Growth of Rumex nervosus Explants

by Norah S. Alfarraj, Mohamed Tarroum, Fahad Al-Qurainy, Mohammad Nadeem, Salim Khan, Abdalrhaman M. Salih, Hassan O. Shaikhaldein, Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi, Saleh Alansi and Kahkashan Perveen

Molecules 2023, 28(9), 3666; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093666 - 23 Apr 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1670

Abstract

Among biological methods, green synthesis of the nanomaterials using plant extracts was shown to be an environmentally friendly, economical, and simple approach. In the current study, the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was achieved using the leaf extract of Hibiscus tiliaceus, in order to prevent the contamination of the tissue culture media and induce callus growth. The nanostructures of the fabricated AgNPs were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red spectra (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta size, and zeta potential techniques. Our results indicate that The UV–vis spectrum of AgNPs exhibited an absorption band at 415 nm. The FTIR analysis identified the functional groups which could involve in the reduction of silver ions to AgNPs, this was also confirmed by the (hkl) diffraction peaks in the XRD diffractogram. Moreover, the TEM analysis showed a spherical nanoparticle with a size ranging from 21 and 26 nm. Thereafter, the potential antibacterial and antifungal activity of the biogenic AgNPs was evaluated against Bacillus pumilus and Alternaria alternata which were isolated from the in vitro culture media and identified based on 16S rDNA and ITS rDNA sequences, respectively. The results showed that the AgNPs significantly inhibited the growth of Alternaria alternata and Bacillus pumilus at all applied concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/L). Compared to the control more fungal radial growth reduction (42.59%,) and bacterial inhibition (98.12%) were registered in the plates containing high doses of AgNPs (40 mg/L). Using Rumex nervosus explants, the biosynthesized AgNPs were tested for their impact to promote callus growth. The obtained results showed a significant effect of AgNPs on callus fresh weight at all applied doses. Moreover, AgNPs treatments showed a polymorphism of 12.5% which was detected by RAPD markers. In summary, the results revealed that AgNPs (40 mg/L) can be effectively added to the in vitro culture media for reducing microbial contamination and improving callus growth while greatly maintaining its genetic stability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organic Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Applications)

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14 pages, 1136 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Methyl Jasmonate and Nanoparticles Doped with Methyl Jasmonate affect the Cell Wall Composition of Monastrell Grape Skins

by María José Giménez-Bañón, Diego Fernando Paladines-Quezada, Juan Daniel Moreno-Olivares, Juan Antonio Bleda-Sánchez, José Ignacio Fernández-Fernández, Belén Parra-Torrejón, Gloria Belén Ramírez-Rodríguez, José Manuel Delgado-López and Rocío Gil-Muñoz

Molecules 2023, 28(3), 1478; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031478 - 3 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1359

Abstract

The structural composition of the cell wall of grape skins is related to the cell wall integrity and subsequent extraction of the different compounds that are contained inside vacuoles and also the cell wall breakdown products. Different reports have established that methyl jasmonate (MeJ) produces changes in the composition of the grape skin cell wall. The use of elicitors to promote the production of secondary metabolites in grapes has been studied in several reports; however, its study linked to nanotechnology is less developed. These facts led us to study the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJ) and nanoparticles doped with MeJ (nano-MeJ) on the cell walls of Monastrell grapes during three seasons. Both treatments tended to increase cell wall material (CWM) and caused changes in different components of the skin cell walls. In 2019 and 2021, proteins were enlarged in both MeJ and nano-MeJ-treated grapes. A general decrease in total phenolic compounds was detected with both treatments, in addition to an increment in uronic acids when the grapes were well ripened. MeJ and nano-MeJ produced a diminution in the amount of cellulose in contrast to an increase in hemicellulose. It should be noted that the effects with nano-MeJ treatment occurred at a dose 10 times lower than with MeJ treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organic Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Applications)

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14 pages, 2543 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Nanoengineered Biochar Activated with Fe for Sulfanilamide Removal from Soils and Water

by Beatriz Gámiz, Pilar Velarde, Kurt A. Spokas and Lucía Cox

Molecules 2022, 27(21), 7418; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217418 - 1 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1479

Abstract

Biochar is a nanoengineered sorbent proposed to control the contamination derived from the presence of residual concentrations of sulfonamides in soil. In this work, we evaluated the sorption of sulfanilamide (SFA) in commercial biochar (BC) produced at 500 °C from oak hardwood (Quercus ilex) and its analog activated with 2% (w/w) Fe (BC-Fe). Subsequently, the effect on dissipation and transport of SFA in untreated soil and soil treated with BC and BC-Fe was also assessed. Laboratory batch studies revealed that BC-Fe increased the sorption of SFA as compared to the pristine BC with K_d of 278 and 98 L/kg, respectively. The dissipation of SFA in either untreated soil or soil treated with BC or BC-Fe was similar, displaying half-lives ranging between 4 and 6.4 days. Conversely, the concurrent determination of sorption during the incubation experiment showed that lower amounts of SFA in solution at the beginning of the experiments were bioavailable in BC-Fe-treated soil when compared to the rest of the treatments shortly after application. Leaching column studies confirmed the amendment’s capability to bind the SFA compound. Therefore, the decrease in bioavailability and movement of SFA in treated soils suggest that biochar soil application can reduce SFA soil and water contamination. According to our results, BC surface modification after Fe activation may be more appropriate for water decontamination than for soil since there were no significant differences between the two types of biochar when added to the soil. Therefore, these outcomes should be considered to optimize the SFA mitigation potential of biochar. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organic Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Applications)

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