Latest Advances in Space Weather Research

A special issue of Geosciences (ISSN 2076-3263). This special issue belongs to the section "Geophysics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 9703

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Geophysics, Observatori de l'Ebre (URL-CSIC), Horta Alta, 38, 43520 Roquetes, Spain
2. Department of Physics EPSEB, UPC Barcelona Tech, Av. Doctor Marañon, 44-50, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: ionosphere; ionospheric disturbances; solar-terrestrial physics; space weather

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Centre for Mathematical Plasma-Astrophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200B, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Interests: solar astrophysics: theory and observations (coronal loop dynamics, coronal heating mechanisms); space weather (solar corona and solar wind modeling, coronal mass ejections: initiation and IP evolution, including interaction with planetary magnetospheres)
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Guest Editor
Institute for Scientific Research, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
Interests: ionosphere; ionospheric disturbances; space weather; active experiments; instrumentation

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Guest Editor
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université de Paris, 35 Rue Hélène Brion 75013 Paris, France
Interests: ionosphere; thermosphere; geomagnetic storms; space weather; ionospheric detection of natural hazards

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Geosciences will gather high-quality original research articles, reviews, and technical notes on the latest advances in space weather research.

Space weather is a multidisciplinary topic that is attracting increasing interest due to its significant impact on the performance and reliability of technological systems and human life, especially during the space exploration era that we are witnessing today. Understanding of space weather requires a combination of knowledge from different branches of science: e.g., plasma physics, solar physics, electromagnetism, remote sensing, etc., making it an exciting research area for scientists.

In recent years, there have been significant research efforts to improve monitoring, understanding, and forecasting of space weather with the primary objective of providing the longest possible prediction of space weather conditions. Such forecasting is critical for the planning of operational services and mitigation measures, especially for extreme events, which can be the most damaging. Despite the amount of research performed to date, there are several open questions in space weather phenomena that attract the attention of the worldwide geophysics research community.

New instrumentation providing better specifications of the different processes, better physics-based models, and innovative methodologies such as big data management are opening the door to a better understanding of the interaction between the main systems responsible for space weather phenomena: the Sun, solar wind, Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere.

We encourage you to submit articles about your recent work, experimental research, or case studies related to the latest advances in space weather, concerning the above and/or the following topics:

  • Solar and heliospheric physics
  • Magnetospheric physics
  • Ionospheric disturbances
  • Magnetic storms and substorms
  • Geomagnetically induced currents
  • Extreme space weather events
  • Impacts on technological systems
  • Long and short term forecasting

Dr. Estefania Blanch
Prof. Dr. Stefaan Poedts
Dr. Vadym Paznukhov
Dr. Elvira Astafyeva
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Geosciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Solar activity
  • Solar wind
  • Coronal mass ejection
  • Solar energetic particles
  • CIRs
  • Magnetosphere
  • Ionosphere
  • Thermosphere
  • Geomagnetic field
  • Geomagnetic storms
  • Extreme events
  • Forecasting
  • Impacts

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 10159 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Deformation and Erosion during CME Evolution
by Skralan Hosteaux, Emmanuel Chané and Stefaan Poedts
Geosciences 2021, 11(8), 314; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11080314 - 27 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1704
Abstract
Magnetised coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are quite substantially deformed during their journey form the Sun to the Earth. Moreover, the interaction of their internal magnetic field with the magnetic field of the ambient solar wind can cause deflection and erosion of their mass [...] Read more.
Magnetised coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are quite substantially deformed during their journey form the Sun to the Earth. Moreover, the interaction of their internal magnetic field with the magnetic field of the ambient solar wind can cause deflection and erosion of their mass and magnetic flux. We here analyse axisymmetric (2.5D) MHD simulations of normal and inverse CME, i.e., with the opposite or same polarity as the background solar wind, and attempt to quantify the erosion and the different forces that operate on the CMEs during their evolution. By analysing the forces, it was found that an increase of the background wind density results in a stronger plasma pressure gradient in the sheath that decelerates the magnetic cloud more. This in turn leads to an increase of the magnetic pressure gradient between the centre of the magnetic cloud and the separatrix, causing a further deceleration. Regardless of polarity, the current sheet that forms in our model between the rear of the CME and the closed field lines of the helmet streamer, results in magnetic field lines being stripped from the magnetic cloud. It is also found that slow normal CMEs experience the same amount of erosion, regardless of the background wind density. Moreover, as the initial velocity increases, so does the influence of the wind density on the erosion. We found that increasing the CME speed leads to a higher overall erosion due to stronger magnetic reconnection. For inverse CMEs, field lines are not stripped away but added to the magnetic cloud, leading to about twice as much magnetic flux at 1 AU than normal CMEs with the same initial flux. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in Space Weather Research)
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Review

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46 pages, 9061 KiB  
Review
Physics of Space Weather Phenomena: A Review
by Ashok Kumar Singh, Asheesh Bhargawa, Devendraa Siingh and Ram Pal Singh
Geosciences 2021, 11(7), 286; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11070286 - 08 Jul 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 6865
Abstract
In the last few decades, solar activity has been diminishing, and so space weather studies need to be revisited with more attention. The physical processes involved in dealing with various space weather parameters have presented a challenge to the scientific community, with a [...] Read more.
In the last few decades, solar activity has been diminishing, and so space weather studies need to be revisited with more attention. The physical processes involved in dealing with various space weather parameters have presented a challenge to the scientific community, with a threat of having a serious impact on modern society and humankind. In the present paper, we have reviewed various aspects of space weather and its present understanding. The Sun and the Earth are the two major elements of space weather, so the solar and the terrestrial perspectives are discussed in detail. A variety of space weather effects and their societal as well as anthropogenic aspects are discussed. The impact of space weather on the terrestrial climate is discussed briefly. A few tools (models) to explain the dynamical space environment and its effects, incorporating real-time data for forecasting space weather, are also summarized. The physical relation of the Earth’s changing climate with various long-term changes in the space environment have provided clues to the short-term/long-term changes. A summary and some unanswered questions are presented in the final section. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in Space Weather Research)
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