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Fishes
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Feed and Nutrition Research in Aquaculture
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Feed and Nutrition Research in Aquaculture

A special issue of Fishes (ISSN 2410-3888). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Feeding".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 9849

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Francisco J. Moyano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology and Geology, Engineering School, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
Interests: nutrition; digestion; digestive enzymes; feed ingredients
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nutrition of aquatic species is a very active and diversified field or research that is currently facing a lot of important challenges related to the sustainability and profitability of feeds under a global change scenario. Some of the main issues related to sustainability, such as dependency upon fish meal and other fishery resources as feed inputs for aquaculture, are the subject of active and abundant research. Nevertheless, the effective implementation of alternatives to the use of marine ingredients must go one step beyond the current use of high-quality plant ingredients. It must consider the philosophy of a circular economy, reducing the reliance on imported raw materials through the use of local feedstuffs and the valorization of agri-food by-products that can benefit from innovative processing techniques, such as fermentation technology or enzyme treatments, which can improve their nutritional value. Related to this, the need to sustain and further increase aquaculture production needs to consider that in the future, the profile of the species must be changed, moving from carnivores to omnivores and herbivores, which present quite different nutritional needs. In addition, climate change will also determine important changes in the aquaculture sector by altering the global availability of feed ingredients as well as the nutritional patterns of many species, mostly those reared in continental waters, which will increase their metabolism, affecting their nutritional requirements and modifying the feeding patterns. Further, it is necessary to develop a better understanding of the energy required for the maintenance and growth of many species to develop a more precise formulation of diets with the introduction of net energy values, thus having an impact from an economical and sustainability standpoint (nutrient leakage).

This Special Issue aims to serve as a comprehensive, up-to-date collection on the abovementioned aspects, with a special emphasis on the identification of those aspects already well established and those still requiring further research. I am pleased to solicit manuscripts pertaining to original research, mini and full reviews, short communications, as well as perspectives, which address any aspect of research that includes but is not limited to:

  • Experiments aiming to test ingredients in fish diets with a practical perspective within the circular economy;
  • Energy and protein requirements of non-carnivorous fish species;
  • Evaluation of the potential effect of global warming on the nutritional needs of cultured species;
  • Accurate determinations of the nutritional requirements of currently cultured fish species with an impact on the cost of feeding and environmental issues.

Prof. Dr. Francisco J. Moyano
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fishes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nutrition
  • feeds
  • by-products
  • energy requirements
  • sustainability

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 12278 KiB  
Article
Relationship between Jaw Malformations and Long-Chain PUFA’s in Seriola lalandi Larvae during the Spawning Season at a Commercial Hatchery
by Cesar Toledo, Eduardo Rubilar, Lorena Marchant, Jessica Dörner, Lorenzo Márquez, Víctor Martínez and Patricio Dantagnan
Fishes 2023, 8(4), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8040200 - 13 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1732
Abstract
Jaw malformations imply an important problem during the commercial production of Seriola lalandi larvae and juvenile fish in Chile and New Zealand. Since the rate of malformations in other fish species has been associated with the content of long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) in neutral [...] Read more.
Jaw malformations imply an important problem during the commercial production of Seriola lalandi larvae and juvenile fish in Chile and New Zealand. Since the rate of malformations in other fish species has been associated with the content of long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) in neutral lipids of the diet, the relationship between body LC-PUFA and the rate of malformations, together with a transcriptomic analysis of genes related to the metabolism and transport of lipids in commercially produced S. lalandi larvae have been investigated in the present work. A total of 10 batches of S. lalandi larvae were obtained and cultured at about 22 °C following the protocols of a Chilean commercial hatchery during the spawning season. There were three larval batches that were collected in August (austral winter), three batches that were obtained in October (spring), and finally four spawning events that were obtained in December-January (spring-summer). The rate and type of jaw malformations, the profile of long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) of total lipids during larval culture, and the distribution of LC-PUFA were analyzed. Additionally, a transcriptome analysis related to lipid metabolism in 40-day-old larvae was performed. As a result, a decrease in the rate of malformations was recorded from August to December. DHA showed a steep decrease between days 1 and 10 of culture, probably due to the consumption of yolk sac lipids, but a higher proportional change was noted in larvae that hatched during August. The DHA content in polar lipids (PL) and neutral lipids (NL) of 40-day-old larvae increased from August to December, so that the abundance of DHA was higher in PL in larvae that hatched in December, but it was higher in NL in those larvae that hatched in October. In conclusion, the rate of jaw malformations was associated with the rapid decline in DHA during early larval life and the highest abundance of DHA in neutral lipids at the end of the larval life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feed and Nutrition Research in Aquaculture)
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19 pages, 12517 KiB  
Article
Beneficial Effects of Graded Levels of Fish Protein Hydrolysate (FPH) on the Growth Performance, Blood Biochemistry, Liver and Intestinal Health, Economics Efficiency, and Disease Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila of Pabda (Ompok pabda) Fingerling
by Afrina Yeasmin Suma, Shishir Kumar Nandi, Zulhisyam Abdul Kari, Khang Wen Goh, Lee Seong Wei, Albaris B. Tahiluddin, Paul Seguin, Mikael Herault, Abdullah Al Mamun, Guillermo Téllez-Isaías and Muhammad Anamul Kabir
Fishes 2023, 8(3), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8030147 - 02 Mar 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2900
Abstract
Fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) is the enzymatic hydrolysis of protein into smaller peptide and free amino acids, which has recently captured considerable attention as a supplementary ingredient in the aqua-feed industry sector. The present research aimed to observe the physiological, biochemical, and bacteriological [...] Read more.
Fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) is the enzymatic hydrolysis of protein into smaller peptide and free amino acids, which has recently captured considerable attention as a supplementary ingredient in the aqua-feed industry sector. The present research aimed to observe the physiological, biochemical, and bacteriological study of FPH-treated diets and its effects on growth, hematology, plasma biochemistry, liver and gut histopathology, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Pabda (Ompok pabda). Four experimental diets (35% crude protein) were formulated with graded FPH supplementation (0, 0.5, 1, and 2%). The feed physiological parameters such as expansion ratio, bulk density, water stability, and floatability were not significantly affected by dietary FPH levels (p > 0.05), except for the pellet durability index (PDI). Furthermore, the diets with 1% and 2% FPH were more palatable to fish than other treatment diets. The total bacteria (TB) in fish diets and guts followed an increasing trend with the increase in various levels of FPH in diets. The significantly highest body weight, specific growth rate (SGR), total biomass (TB), survival rate (SR), condition factor (CF), and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were noted in 2% FPH-fed fish when compared with other treatment groups (p < 0.05). The feed intake of fish was significantly increased when increasing the FPH in diets (p < 0.05). The fish fed with a 2% FPH diet had significantly higher neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, red blood cell, and platelet levels (p < 0.05). The blood glucose, creatinine, total protein, and globulin were significantly lower in control fish compared to other treatment groups (p < 0.05). The histopathological observation of mid intestine tissues displayed that 2% of FPH-diet-fed fish had a well-anchored epithelial wall with well-arranged goblet cells, a long villus structure, stratum compactum, and tunica muscularis compared to other treatments of FPH. The inclusion of FPH in diets up to 2% significantly improved the liver health of fish. The fish fed with 2% FPH had a significantly lower cumulative percent mortality (16.67%) against A. hydrophila infection in the bacterial challenge test (p < 0.05). Therefore, the present results suggested that using 2% FPH in the aqua-feed industry improves the growth performance, health status, and disease resistance of Pabda fingerlings in captivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feed and Nutrition Research in Aquaculture)
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Review

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16 pages, 345 KiB  
Review
Chitinase and Insect Meal in Aquaculture Nutrition: A Comprehensive Overview of the Latest Achievements
by Imam Hasan, Francesco Gai, Simona Cirrincione, Simona Rimoldi, Giulio Saroglia and Genciana Terova
Fishes 2023, 8(12), 607; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8120607 - 14 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2280
Abstract
The aquaculture industry is looking for sustainable alternatives to conventional fish meals in fish feed, and insect-based meals are proving to be a promising solution. These meals are nutritionally optimal as they have a high protein content and an ideal amino acid profile. [...] Read more.
The aquaculture industry is looking for sustainable alternatives to conventional fish meals in fish feed, and insect-based meals are proving to be a promising solution. These meals are nutritionally optimal as they have a high protein content and an ideal amino acid profile. However, the presence of chitin, a component of the insect exoskeleton in these meals presents both an opportunity and a challenge. Chitosan, a derivative of chitin, is known to improve the physiological functions of fish, including growth, immunity, and disease resistance. While chitin and its derivative chitosan offer several physiological benefits, their presence can affect the digestibility of feed in some fish species, making the inclusion of insect-based meals in aquafeeds complex. While studies suggest positive effects, some problems, such as reduced growth rates in certain species, emphasize the need for further research on chitin digestion in fish. Chitinase, an enzyme that breaks down chitin, is being investigated as a potential solution to improve the nutritional value of insect meals in aquafeed. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the applications, benefits, and challenges of using chitinase in aquaculture, highlighting the enzyme’s role in improving feed digestibility, disease control, and environmental sustainability. Extensive research is required to fully understand the potential of chitinase enzymes in aquaculture and to optimize their applications in this dynamic field. Overall, this review provides insight into the evolving landscape of insect-based meals and the applications of chitinase enzymes within sustainable aquaculture practices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feed and Nutrition Research in Aquaculture)
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27 pages, 2873 KiB  
Review
Non-Conventional Ingredients for Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) Feed: A Systematic Review
by Christian David Zuluaga-Hernández, Carlos A. Hincapié and Marisol Osorio
Fishes 2023, 8(11), 556; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8110556 - 18 Nov 2023
Viewed by 2196
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review was to identify and classify, from the available literature, non-conventional feed ingredients from terrestrial plants, animals, algae, and fungi which have been evaluated for their potential use for tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) production. For this purpose, 795 [...] Read more.
The objective of this systematic review was to identify and classify, from the available literature, non-conventional feed ingredients from terrestrial plants, animals, algae, and fungi which have been evaluated for their potential use for tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) production. For this purpose, 795 papers published in the Scopus and Web of Science databases between 2011 and 2021 were analyzed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. Data on the growth rate (GR) and effects on weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR); digestibility; fatty acid profile (FAP) of the fish carcass; and the survival rate (SR) were compiled in databases and summary tables. The results were refined according to different criteria, obtaining 144 documents that were pertinent for an in-depth analysis. From those, we found that 50.7% evaluated terrestrial plants, 22.2% animals, 13.9% algae, 9% fungi, and the remaining, combinations of some of the above categories. From the summarized results we concluded that most of the non-conventional sources analyzed have a positive potential impact as alternatives for producing tilapia. Survival was the most evaluated parameter, while digestibility was the least evaluated parameter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feed and Nutrition Research in Aquaculture)
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