Environmental Sciences Proceedings

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Assessing the Economic Damage of Potential Flooding Zones by Combining Cadaster and Land Use Data in the Larnaca Region, Cyprus

by

Alexandra Ćulibrk

and

Ourania Tzoraki

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 25(1), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-7-14323 - 12 Apr 2023

Abstract

Precipitation changes caused by climate change are a phenomenon that may have far more serious consequences in urban areas than previously thought. Preventing the flood extent in rural and urban areas is crucial for the protection of human well-being and private and public [...] Read more.

Precipitation changes caused by climate change are a phenomenon that may have far more serious consequences in urban areas than previously thought. Preventing the flood extent in rural and urban areas is crucial for the protection of human well-being and private and public land, and for the prevention of human casualties. Modeling potential floods and studying historic ones are key parameters to prevent damages from this natural disaster. European Union Directive 2007/60/EK obligated Member States to compile flood risk maps, showing the potential flood’s extent and depth. Using Cyprus river flood risk maps of the region of Larnaca, Corine land cover data, and open-access cadaster data, this study attempts to assess the economic damage. Cadaster data of buildings such as floor number and basement existence are incorporated in the damage functions used for flood recurrence intervals of 20, 100, and 500 years return periods. The study found that in the 500 year return flood period, 562 buildings would be potentially affected. The flood risk areas in the region of Larnaca consist of mainly urban (48%) and cultivation zones (50%), both economically important. The results suggest that economic damage assessment based on the applied data, combined with flood risk maps, can provide valuable information to disaster responders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 7th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Integration of Microalgae-Microbial Fuel Cell with Microbial Electrolysis Cell for Wastewater Treatment and Energy Production

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Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 25(1), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-7-14306 - 11 Apr 2023

Abstract

The microalgae-microbial fuel cell (mMFC) enables us to perform secondary and tertiary treatment of domestic wastewater while simultaneously producing green electricity. In this work, the treatment of wastewater and producing electricity using a dual-chambered mMFC were demonstrated. Furthermore, the electricity produced by the [...] Read more.

The microalgae-microbial fuel cell (mMFC) enables us to perform secondary and tertiary treatment of domestic wastewater while simultaneously producing green electricity. In this work, the treatment of wastewater and producing electricity using a dual-chambered mMFC were demonstrated. Furthermore, the electricity produced by the mMFC was utilized to drive microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) for hydrogen synthesis. Primary domestic wastewater was treated in the anodic compartment of mMFC. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 67.2 and 54% was achieved in the anodic compartment of batch and continuous mode, respectively. Wetland-treated water was filled in the cathodic compartment, and Scenedesmus sp. was used as a catholyte. The overall voltage of 1.85 V was used to run a 1-L MEC. Industrial wastewater was treated with a COD removal of 73% in the MEC and biohydrogen was produced at a rate of 9.8 ± 0.2 mL L⁻¹ d⁻¹. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 7th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Jakarta’s 2020 New Year Flood Assessment with a Rainfall–Runoff–Inundation (RRI) Model

by

Yeremia Immanuel Sihombing

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Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 25(1), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-7-14317 - 03 Apr 2023

Abstract

Floods hit Jakarta and several areas in the Ciliwung–Cisadane Watershed. The rain that occurred on 31 December 2019 stopped briefly and continued until 1 January 2020. As a result, several areas were flooded for several days. It is said that the rain that [...] Read more.

Floods hit Jakarta and several areas in the Ciliwung–Cisadane Watershed. The rain that occurred on 31 December 2019 stopped briefly and continued until 1 January 2020. As a result, several areas were flooded for several days. It is said that the rain that occurred was the largest in history. At least, the rainfall station at Halim Perdanakusuma Airport recorded rainfall with an intensity of 377 mm/day. That prompts a question about how much discharge was generated by the rainfall. This study was conducted to assess the flood discharge and the inundated area caused by the rain on 2020 New Year’s Eve. The rainfall–runoff–inundation (RRI) model was utilized to simulate the flood discharge and inundation using the 1D–2D hydraulic–hydrology model. This model also calculated infiltration and subsurface flow with the Green–Ampt equation. In addition, the rainfall data used rain data recorded by the ground station, and the topography used SRTM data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Then, the flood discharge obtained from the model was compared with the flood return period. The return periods of the flood that were compared were at 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years. The results showed that the flood that occurred on 1 January 2020 was larger than the flood with a return period of 100 years. This means that rainfall had the biggest effect on the flood, rather than other factors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 7th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Batch Adsorption Studies Incorporating Response Surface Methodology for the Elimination of Acephate

by

R. Shiny Raj

and

K. Anoop Krishnan

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 25(1), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-7-14309 - 03 Apr 2023

Abstract

Banned pesticides are continuously preferred by the planters of the Idukki District irrespective of their toxicity. Among the banned pesticides, acephate is preferred because of its high solubility in water and persistent character. Unfortunately, it detriments the biota, leading to neurogenic, carcinogenic, and [...] Read more.

Banned pesticides are continuously preferred by the planters of the Idukki District irrespective of their toxicity. Among the banned pesticides, acephate is preferred because of its high solubility in water and persistent character. Unfortunately, it detriments the biota, leading to neurogenic, carcinogenic, and physiological disorders in fish. The plantation near the Periyar River basin is contaminated with residues of pesticides, which eventually drain into the river. There is an urgent need for the removal of acephate. Therefore, we have focused on the removal of acephate into the lab scale. Batch adsorption studies were carried out for the removal of acephate. We selected a material Fe-MMT (Fe₃O₄-montmorillonite), which is benign and possesses a high adsorption capacity towards acephate. Adsorbent properties were examined by various analytical tools XRD, SEM, FTIR, and a Surface area analyzer. Adsorption followed Langmuir with first-order kinetic. Kinetic plots exhibited multistage adsorption, indicating film diffusion and pore diffusion during the adsorption or the mechanism of adsorption is chemisorption, physisorption, and Lewis’s acid-base interaction. Response surface methodology involving CCD (central composite design) was extracted to maximize the adsorption of acephate onto Fe-MMT. Dosage and concentration seem to be the major parameters that influenced the adsorption. Adsorption achieved a peak (83.18%) at optimum conditions corresponding to pH 6, initial acephate concentration of 2 mg/L, and adsorbent dosage corresponding to 0.5 g/L. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 7th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Analysis of Extreme Rainfall Events on a Sub-Daily Scale in Northeast

by

Paula Andressa Alves de Araújo

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Cláudio Moisés Santos e Silva

,

Daniele Tôrres Rodrigues

and

Aléxia Monteiro Valentim

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 25(1), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-7-14299 - 03 Apr 2023

Abstract

Given the complex climate of the Brazilian Northeast, its variable rainfall regime in spatial and temporal scales due to multiple geographic factors and the action of various atmospheric systems, as well as intense precipitation events becoming increasingly present and strong, are incipient the [...] Read more.

Given the complex climate of the Brazilian Northeast, its variable rainfall regime in spatial and temporal scales due to multiple geographic factors and the action of various atmospheric systems, as well as intense precipitation events becoming increasingly present and strong, are incipient the initiatives to analyze extreme rainfall on a sub-daily scale. Thus, characterizing the spatial and temporal distribution of IPESS on the NEB, analyzing the seasonality of the number of events for each location, and the influence of interannual variability in the occurrence of these events became the objective of that work. For this, hourly precipitation observations were collected from 119 automatic surface weather stations spread across the NEB between 2009 and 2018. The night period presented the highest amounts of IPESS. The meteorological stations Ibimirim/PE and Ilhéus/BA had the highest and lowest number of occurrences, respectively. The amplitude of the values of Q presented the thresholds of the stations with the values of 3.4 mm as a minimum, and 28.6 mm as a maximum, referring to the stations of Petrolina/PE and São Luís/MA, respectively. Among the capitals, Teresina/PI had the highest number of EPIES, as well as João Pessoa/PB had the lowest, not only among the capitals but also the second with the lowest number in general. It was observed that during 2009 the events were more frequent, while 2012 presented the smallest amounts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 7th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Prediction of Flooding Area in Batang Sinamar River Basin Based on Design Return Period Simulation by Using Rainfall Runoff Inundation Model

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Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 25(1), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-7-14320 - 03 Apr 2023

Abstract

Lima Puluh Kota Regency in West Sumatera Province is one of the regencies in Indonesia that has had a flood problem every year in the last decade. In the case of such large-scale flooding, it is important to classify the hazard zone for [...] Read more.

Lima Puluh Kota Regency in West Sumatera Province is one of the regencies in Indonesia that has had a flood problem every year in the last decade. In the case of such large-scale flooding, it is important to classify the hazard zone for efficiency of the flood mitigation. In this paper, the Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation (RRI) model is applied to the Batang Sinamar River Basin in order to predict the widespread inundation, where both rainfall-runoff from surrounding mountain and rainfall on flood plain contributes to the flood event. Flood simulation was conducted by using a nationally available dataset, high resolution digital surface model, and rainfall ground station data. The simulation was calibrated with discharge observation data in Batang Sinamar, and provides a good result with the Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency index and correlation value of 0.768 and 0.908, respectively. The result of the simulation using 10-year and 25-year return, showed the increasing discharge by 15.72% from 406.77 m³/s to 470.74 m³/s. Furthermore, the average peak of inundation water level increased from less than 1.5 m to more than 1.5 m. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the model can predict the potential inundation area in the Batang Sinamar River Basin in Lima Puluh Kota Regency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 7th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Water Security and Environmental Impact Assessment: A Study for Developing Economies

by

Muhammad Bilal

,

Muhammad Usman

,

Mehwish Nadeem

and

Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 25(1), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-7-14325 - 03 Apr 2023

Abstract

Both ecosystems and human societies acknowledge the importance of water. The impact of human activities on both land and water has become more apparent due to various global changes. These include climate change, urbanization, socioeconomic development, and population growth. Although it is widely [...] Read more.

Both ecosystems and human societies acknowledge the importance of water. The impact of human activities on both land and water has become more apparent due to various global changes. These include climate change, urbanization, socioeconomic development, and population growth. Although it is widely believed that water security is the key to sustainable development, studies on its evolution and various environmental factors are still in the early stages of development. This study aims to provide an overview of the concept. This concept aims to provide all people with safe water. It goes beyond merely providing adequate supplies to every person in the world, and it also aims to ensure healthy and productive lives. Despite the technological advancements being made in the water resource management industry, the lackadaisical approach to addressing the various challenges associated with water security continues to be a major issue globally. This study will provide an overview of the various facets of the water security concept and its evolution in developing countries due to the environmental changes that have occurred. It also explores the multiple sustainable methods that can be used to address these issues. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 7th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Estimation of Water Turbidity in Drinking Water Treatment Plants Using Machine Learning Based on Water and Meteorological Data

by

Vanessa Fernandez Alvarez

,

Daniela Granada Salazar

,

Cristhian Figueroa

,

Juan Carlos Corrales

and

Juan Fernando Casanova

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 25(1), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-7-14326 - 03 Apr 2023

Abstract

In rural areas, water treatment plants use rudimentary techniques to evaluate turbidity. However, the incorrect measurement of turbidity can result in poor water quality and, as a result, health issues for its users because it is a crucial indicator to determine the application [...] Read more.

In rural areas, water treatment plants use rudimentary techniques to evaluate turbidity. However, the incorrect measurement of turbidity can result in poor water quality and, as a result, health issues for its users because it is a crucial indicator to determine the application of adequate treatment to the water. Aquarisc was a project financed with royalties that sought to strengthen the mechanisms and tools for decision-making of the authorities and territorial institutions related to water supply for human consumption. This project installed sensors to assess turbidity in some plants in rural areas of the department of Cauca, Colombia. However, when the project ended, these sensors were removed. Therefore, it became necessary to create machine learning models to predict turbidity values without sensors, considering only pH, temperature, vapor pressure, and precipitation data captured manually by plant operators. In this study, the Linear Regression, Random Forest Regressor, k-Neighbors Regressor, and Extra Trees Regressor algorithms were trained with data provided by the Aquarisc project and the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology, and Environment Studies of Colombia (IDEAM). As a result, we selected the Random Forest Regressor since it had the best RMSE among all the models and was also the one that best matched the situation of the studied treatment plants. Furthermore, this model did not consider outliers, resulting in an RMSE of 20.98 and 3.49 for the training and test dataset, respectively. Finally, we determined that this algorithm was able to estimate the water’s turbidity acceptably and supports the operators in making decisions for the application of adequate treatment to drinking water. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 7th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis for Flash Flood Hazard and Risk Assessment: A Case Study of the Eastern Minya Watershed, Egypt

by

Kamal Darwish

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 25(1), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-7-14315 - 03 Apr 2023

Abstract

Flash floods are considered one of the most devastating and frequent extreme climatological natural hazards in the world. El Minya is one of the most vulnerable areas in Egypt for flash flood problems. It was affected by several hazardous historical flash flood events. [...] Read more.

Flash floods are considered one of the most devastating and frequent extreme climatological natural hazards in the world. El Minya is one of the most vulnerable areas in Egypt for flash flood problems. It was affected by several hazardous historical flash flood events. These events could lead to both catastrophic losses of life and severe damage to the infrastructures of the study area. The study area is located in the middle of Egypt, about 240 km south of Cairo. It is situated along the Limestone Plateau facing El Minia governorate. The main objective of this study is to assess the risk of flash flood hazard on the human activities in the study area. Integration of remote sensing; geographic information systems, analytical hierarchy process, and the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques were applied in this study. Eight different significant effective factors collected from multisource geospatial data, including lithology, hydrology, topography, soil type, land cover, and rainfall data, were selected to evaluate the flood risk map. Remote sensing imagery was used for land use/cover mapping to detect the vulnerable human activities. ArcGIS-based weighted overlay modeling was used to combine the criteria to calculate the final decision map. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 7th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Applying a Flexible Fuzzy Adaptive Regression to Runoff Estimation

by

Mike Spiliotis

and

Luis Garrote

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 25(1), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-7-14308 - 03 Apr 2023

Abstract

A smart, flexible, fuzzy-based regression is proposed in order to describe non-constant behavior of runoff as a function of precipitation. Hence, for high precipitation, beyond a fuzzy threshold, a conventional linear (precise) relation between precipitation and runoff is established, while for low precipitation, [...] Read more.

A smart, flexible, fuzzy-based regression is proposed in order to describe non-constant behavior of runoff as a function of precipitation. Hence, for high precipitation, beyond a fuzzy threshold, a conventional linear (precise) relation between precipitation and runoff is established, while for low precipitation, a curve with different behavior is activated. Between these curves and for a runoff range, each curve holds to some degree. Hence, a simplified Sugeno architecture scheme is established on few logical rules. Alternatively, the model can be enhanced by using a combination between the fuzzy linear regression of Tanaka and the aforementioned simplified Sugeno architecture. The training process is achieved based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 7th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Effect of Different Water Stress on Growth Index and Yield of Semi-Late Rice

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Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 25(1), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-7-14318 - 03 Apr 2023

Abstract

The aim of this research is to find out the effects of different degrees of drought stress on the growth index and yield of semi-late rice. In this experiment, a pot experiment was conducted with hybrid Tian-you-hua-zhan rice as material. Intermittent irrigation was [...] Read more.

The aim of this research is to find out the effects of different degrees of drought stress on the growth index and yield of semi-late rice. In this experiment, a pot experiment was conducted with hybrid Tian-you-hua-zhan rice as material. Intermittent irrigation was used as control (CK) at the tillering stage, booting stage, heading stage, and milk stage. Three water stress gradients of light drought (70% saturated moisture content), medium drought (60% saturated moisture content), and severe drought (50% saturated moisture content) were set to monitor the soil moisture content. The plant height, number of tillers, leaf area, and chlorophyll content under different water gradients at different growth stages were measured, and the effects of different water stress treatments at different growth stages on rice growth index, yield, and its components were analyzed. The results showed that the inhibition of the plant height at the jointing and booting stages was the most significant; moreover, the number of tillers and leaf area decreased most significantly at the tillering stage, and the heading and flowering stages had the greatest effect on chlorophyll synthesis. As far as yield is concerned, the most sensitive stages are the heading and flowering stages. Different stress treatments reduced the effective panicle number, 1000-grain weight, and seed setting rate of rice, and reduced the yield by 27.57%, 44.23%, and 46.32% respectively, compared with the normal control. The correlation analysis showed that the correlation degree of affecting yield from large to small was 1000-grain weight, seed setting rate, and effective panicle. Therefore, ensuring water supply at the heading and flowering stage can effectively improve the 1000-grain weight, effective panicle, and seed setting rate, and increase the rice yield and water use efficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 7th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Challenges of Estimation Precision of Irrigation Water Management Parameters Based on Data from Reference Agrometeorological Stations

by

Chris Koliopanos

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Ioannis Tsirogiannis

and

Nikolaos Malamos

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 25(1), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-7-14319 - 03 Apr 2023

Abstract

In this study, operational decision support systems (DSSs) for irrigation water management that utilize data from weather stations (W/S) or weather data services are presented. The challenges and the ways in which various systems address them are summarized based on a review of [...] Read more.

In this study, operational decision support systems (DSSs) for irrigation water management that utilize data from weather stations (W/S) or weather data services are presented. The challenges and the ways in which various systems address them are summarized based on a review of the relevant scientific literature and information provided on the websites of the systems under consideration. The selected systems that are presented are categorized into those that utilize W/S data (IRMA_SYS, CIMIS, BlueLeaf, CoAgMet) as well as those that employ remote sensing data (Manna irrigation, Irrisat, Sencrop). Remote sensing DSSs are included in this study because their functionality is closely related to that of W/S-based systems, as it is explained in the study. Additionally, Foreca and OpenET are also examined as they provide data to DSSs for irrigation management. The discussion about the challenges encountered in the use of DSSs based on W/S data aims to stimulate further research and development in this field by the scientific community and system developers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 7th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences)

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Open SolWat System with Cooling of the Secondary Wastewater Effluent from a WWTP on the Front Surface of the Photovoltaic Module for efficient Energy Generation and Reclaimed Water Production

by

Julia Torres López

,

Marta Vivar García

,

Manuel Fuentes Conde

and

Ana María Palacios Villa

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 25(1), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-7-14321 - 03 Apr 2023

Abstract

Energy consumption in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is a critical part of their operation and maintenance costs, with tertiary treatments being one of the most energy demanding stages, although as they are not required by law, they are not usually included in the [...] Read more.

Energy consumption in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is a critical part of their operation and maintenance costs, with tertiary treatments being one of the most energy demanding stages, although as they are not required by law, they are not usually included in the wastewater treatment line. In this research, a photochemical–photovoltaic hybrid system was developed and studied: Open SolWat, which allows solar disinfection of the water while cooling the temperatures on the front surface of the photovoltaic module by means of a thin layer of water flowing from the top, thanks to a pumping system. In comparison to the SolWat technologies studied so far, the improved system allowed better quality reclaimed water (RD1620/2007, R(EU)2020/741) to be obtained from the secondary effluent of a WWTP, with the simultaneous generation of energy. However, this time it also productively improved its energy efficiency (15–21%). The tests were carried out under a 4 h SODIS treatment with real sunlight. Therefore, the possible implementation of the system as a tertiary treatment of a WWTP is considered, as it could improve environmental sustainability and reduce energy consumption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 7th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Hydrochemical Characteristics of Drinking Water in Central Settlements of Sukhbaatar Province, Eastern Mongolia

by

Odsuren Batdelger

,

Enkhjargal Togtokh

,

Oyun-Erdene Boldsaikhan

,

Renchinbud Badrakh

and

Gan-Erdene Enkhbold

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 25(1), 80; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-7-14304 - 03 Apr 2023

Abstract

A focus of this study was to investigate water quality in the central settlement area of Sukhbaatar province, which is characterized by semi-arid climate. In total, 47 water samples were collected from 13 soums in 2021, and major ions and trace elements were [...] Read more.

A focus of this study was to investigate water quality in the central settlement area of Sukhbaatar province, which is characterized by semi-arid climate. In total, 47 water samples were collected from 13 soums in 2021, and major ions and trace elements were analyzed to evaluate the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes. The dominant hydro-chemical facies of groundwater were the Na-HCO₃ type, which represents 46.8% of the total analyzed samples. The water supply wells of Baruun-Urt soum, Asgat, Khalzan, and Erdenetsagaan soums do not meet the requirements of drinking water standards due to the content of magnesium, fluoride, and uranium ions. Additionally, the fluoride ion content in most wells exceeds the drinking water standard, while the fluoride content of Dariganga soum water was less than the drinking water standard; however, the Munkhkhaan soum was suitable. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 7th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Flood Disaster Mapping Using Geospatial Techniques: A Case Study of the 2022 Pakistan Floods

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Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 25(1), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-7-14312 - 03 Apr 2023

Abstract

Remote sensing images are an essential tool for mapping the amount of flood inundation after flood events. For early flood estimation, flood mapping is a crucial component. This study used an integration of geospatial techniques to evaluate the flood extent in District Dera [...] Read more.

Remote sensing images are an essential tool for mapping the amount of flood inundation after flood events. For early flood estimation, flood mapping is a crucial component. This study used an integration of geospatial techniques to evaluate the flood extent in District Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. The modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) was utilized to estimate the flood extent using Landsat data. For a thorough flood investigation, pre-flood, during, and post-flood images were obtained. The analysis enabled us to delineate flood extent as well as flood duration. The result showed that the flood continued for nearly 5 weeks in the study area. This proposed geospatial technique provides a framework for the identification of inundated areas, which allows emergency responses to be focused on newly flooded areas. Hence, the current study offers a novel perspective on flood mapping and significantly contributes to flood monitoring. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 7th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Activated Carbon, CNTs and GO Based Polymeric Nanocomposites Membranes for Textile Wastewater Treatment: Preparation, Performance, and Fouling Control

by

Imran A. Khan

and Nasir M. Ahmad

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 25(1), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-7-14307 - 03 Apr 2023

Abstract

Textile wastewater is a challenging area for treatment by membrane separation technology due to its complex structure and the presence of reactive components. Therefore, most of the conventional technologies appear incapable of offering satisfactory treatment for the effluents. This paper studies the application [...] Read more.

Textile wastewater is a challenging area for treatment by membrane separation technology due to its complex structure and the presence of reactive components. Therefore, most of the conventional technologies appear incapable of offering satisfactory treatment for the effluents. This paper studies the application of activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxide base polymeric nanofiltration membranes (NF) in the textile industry, which usually produces large volumes of wastewater containing complex contaminants from its daily operation. Hence, it is accepted that NF membranes offer solutions to the problem. The primary performances of NF membranes have been examined in terms of dye rejection, salt rejection, permeate flux, and COD rejection. Some of the NF membranes achieved maximum separation of dye and salts while some attained higher flux. This is due to the large variability of the parameters of textile wastewater and the NF membranes selected. However, for all these attempts, the general issue of (bio)fouling represents a key barrier to full-scale industrial implementation. The low fouling tendency of NF membranes has lately gained substantial attention since they are an exciting addition to conventional technologies (i.e., adsorption, biological degradation, coagulation, and ultrafiltration). Polymers membrane blended with oxidized activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxide increased hydrophilicity, textile dyes, slat rejection, BSA rejection, antibacterial activity, and water flux enhancement from 60% to 100%. We present some nanocomposite membrane developments and demonstrate how they can be used to reduce textile dyes. In addition, the process of membrane fouling and the various approaches for preventing and controlling fouling are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 7th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Advances in the Knowledge of Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark in the Framework of the UNESCO IGCP-730 Project

by

África de la Hera-Portillo

,

Manuela Chamizo-Borreguero

,

Marwan Ghanem

,

Julio López-Gutiérrez

,

Luis Moreno-Merino

,

Jose Ángel Sánchez-Fabián

,

Karmah Salman

,

Nour-Eddine Laftouhi

,

Rod Fensham

,

Alsharifa Hind Mohammad

,

Elena Galindo Rodríguez

,

Mª Mar Corral Lledó

,

Badia Choulli

and

Fagr Kh. Abdel-Gawad

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 25(1), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-7-14313 - 03 Apr 2023

Abstract

The Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark is a recent geopark (2017) with a high wealth of manifestations of interaction between the landscape and the water cycle. It is being studied under the umbrella of the International Geosciences Programme Project-730. In this work we [...] Read more.

The Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark is a recent geopark (2017) with a high wealth of manifestations of interaction between the landscape and the water cycle. It is being studied under the umbrella of the International Geosciences Programme Project-730. In this work we present the main results obtained, related to geology, geomorphology, hydrogeology, structure and relationship between structure and hydrogeology. The components of the geodiversity are identified and each one of them open a new line of research which will be object of study in new projects in an early future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 7th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Investigation of Groundwater Resources Quality for Drinking Purposes Using GWQI and GIS: A Case Study of Ottawa City, Ontario, Canada

by

Amir Noori

,

Farzad Ranjbari

and

Hossein Bonakdari

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 25(1), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-7-14314 - 03 Apr 2023

Abstract

Evaluating groundwater quality for certain purposes requires accurate quantitative and qualitative management, accessibility to the study area, and knowledge of the governing environmental processes. Groundwater resources are used to supply drinking water consumption alongside surface water in most countries. This study aims to [...] Read more.

Evaluating groundwater quality for certain purposes requires accurate quantitative and qualitative management, accessibility to the study area, and knowledge of the governing environmental processes. Groundwater resources are used to supply drinking water consumption alongside surface water in most countries. This study aims to investigate the quality of groundwater resources in the city of Ottawa, located in Ontario, Canada, using the Schoeller diagram and the Canadian Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI) in a fuzzy environment. To determine the water quality, the qualitative groundwater parameters including Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, SO₄, HCO₃, NO₃, F, pH, TDS, TH, K, EC, and Alkalinity were considered in the Schoeller diagram and GWQI. Each parameter’s interpolated water quality map layer was prepared using the Kriging method in a GIS environment. The results of Schoeller’s diagram indicated that the range of drinking water quality was non-potable to inappropriate in more than 22% of the investigated groundwater resources. Moreover, the obtained results of the groundwater quality interpolation map layer based on the GWQI revealed that more than 70% of the groundwater resources were examined in the good and excellent range for drinking purposes. Finally, the obtained interpolated map layers of the Schoeller diagram and GWQI were integrated using GIS. Accordingly, the results indicate that the interpolation values of an integrated layer in the study area are well within the permissible limits, and the quality of the groundwater is suitable for drinking and other consumption purposes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 7th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Flood Vulnerability Mapping Using MaxEnt Machine Learning and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) of Kamrup Metropolitan District, Assam

by

Akshayasimha Channarayapatna Harshasimha

and

Chandra Mohan Bhatt

Environ. Sci. Proc. 2023, 25(1), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-7-14301 - 03 Apr 2023

Abstract

Addressing a natural hazard’s complexity is essential in preventing human fatalities and conserving natural ecosystems as natural hazards are varied and unbalanced in both time and place. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to present a flood vulnerability hazard map and [...] Read more.

Addressing a natural hazard’s complexity is essential in preventing human fatalities and conserving natural ecosystems as natural hazards are varied and unbalanced in both time and place. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to present a flood vulnerability hazard map and its evaluation for hazard management and land use planning. The flood inventory map is generated for different flood locations using multiple official reports. To generate the vulnerability maps, a total of nine geo-environmental parameters are chosen as predictors form Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) machine learning and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Accuracy assessment of the outputs from MaxEnt is performed using the area under the curve. Similarly, for AHP outputs, the accuracy is tested using the generated inventory map and the AUC. It is observed that topographical wetness index, elevation, and slope are significant for the assessment of flooded areas. Finally, flood hazard maps are generated and a comparative analysis is performed for both methods. According to the study’s findings, The AUC of the flood map generated by MaxEntis 0.83, whereas the AUC of the flood map generated by AHP is 0.76, which means that the flood map generated by MaxEnt is better. From this study, it can be concluded that hazard maps could be a useful tool for local authorities to identify places that are vulnerable to hazards on a large scale. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 7th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences)

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Environmental Sciences Proceedings

Vol. 25

ECWS-7 2023

Vol. 24

ECERPH-4 2022

Vol. 23

PAPC 2022

Vol. 22

IECF 2022

Vol. 21

EWaS5

Vol. 20

Stand Alone Papers 2022

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