Wireless Network Protocols and Performance Evaluation, Volume II

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Microwave and Wireless Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2022) | Viewed by 13918

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127994 Moscow, Russia
Interests: design and analysis of wireless network protocols; wireless network performance evaluation methods; stochastic modeling of wireless networks based on random multiple access
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Computing, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
Interests: 5G wireless sensor networks; radio resource management; edge computing; Internet of things; data-centric networks
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Telecommunications, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Interests: wireless LANs; quality of service provisioning; novel 802.11 amendments; coexistence in unlicensed bands (e.g., Wi-Fi + LAA/NR-U); IoT and wireless SDN; modelling and simulation of wireless networks; network protocols
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Telecommunication technologies are rapidly evolving due to the rapid change of imposed functional requirements. Specifically, a quarter-century ago, the most typical problems of the time were successfully resolved by wired networks connecting mainframes. At the turn of the millennium, wireless networks were developed rapidly due to the need for the Internet access anytime and anywhere. Nowadays, we are witnessing the emergence of the Internet of Things, the ecosystem of billions of autonomous devices (sensors, controllers, robots, etc.) interacting with each other. Additionally, the future Internet will connect people and "things" and will become the Internet of Everything.

The practical development of this concept is driven by the evolution of the wireless networking technologies which are facing a number of challenges: the exponential growth of traffic, the increase in the number and density of wireless devices, and the rapid development of a new type of communications between autonomous systems involving physical objects and manufacturing processes. The development of these technologies is impossible without substantial progress in the field of modulation and coding schemes, channel access methods, QoS/QoE support and energy efficiency, the theory and recommended practice of reliable data delivery in multi-hop wireless networks (wireless mesh networks, MANET, VANET, FANET, etc.), analytical modelling, and the performance evaluation of wireless networks and their protocols.

The main aim of this Special Issue is to seek high-quality submissions focusing on the development of efficient algorithms for wireless networks and mathematical frameworks for the performance evaluation of network protocols. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Ad-hoc, sensor, mesh, and vehicular wireless networks
  • Energy efficiency and QoS/QoE provisioning for wireless and mobile networks
  • 5G Systems and beyond
  • Next generation of Wi-Fi networks
  • Coexistence of wireless technologies in unlicensed bands
  • Network virtualization and software-defined wireless networks
  • Underground and underwater communications
  • RFID, NFC, and machine-to-machine (M2M) communications
  • Stochastic processes and models of wireless networks and their protocols
  • Machine learning for wireless network control and optimization
  • Queues and queueing networks for wireless network performance evaluation
  • Simulation tools for wireless network performance evaluation
  • Testbeds and prototypes

Prof. Dr. Andrey Lyakhov
Prof. Dr. Hossam S. Hassanein
Prof. Dr. Katarzyna Kosek-Szott
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Ad-hoc, sensor, mesh, and vehicular wireless networks
  • Energy efficiency and QoS/QoE provisioning for wireless and mobile networks
  • 5G Systems and beyond
  • Next generation of Wi-Fi networks
  • Coexistence of wireless technologies in unlicensed bands
  • Network virtualization and software-defined wireless networks
  • Underground and underwater communications
  • RFID, NFC, and machine-to-machine (M2M) communications
  • Stochastic processes and models of wireless networks and their protocols
  • Machine learning for wireless network control and optimization
  • Queues and queueing networks for wireless network performance evaluation
  • Simulation tools for wireless network performance evaluation
  • Testbeds and prototypes.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2851 KiB  
Article
Performance of WLAN in Downlink MU-MIMO Channel with the Least Cost in Terms of Increased Delay
by Lemlem Kassa, Jianhua Deng, Mark Davis and Jingye Cai
Electronics 2022, 11(18), 2851; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11182851 - 09 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1066
Abstract
To improve the performance of IEEE 802.11 wireless local area (WLAN) networks, different frame-aggregation algorithms are proposed by IEEE 802.11n/ac standards to improve the throughput performance of WLANs. However, this improvement will also have a related cost in terms of increasing delay. The [...] Read more.
To improve the performance of IEEE 802.11 wireless local area (WLAN) networks, different frame-aggregation algorithms are proposed by IEEE 802.11n/ac standards to improve the throughput performance of WLANs. However, this improvement will also have a related cost in terms of increasing delay. The traffic load generated by mixed types of applications in current modern networks demands different network performance requirements in terms of maintaining some form of an optimal trade-off between maximizing throughput and minimizing delay. However, the majority of existing researchers have only attempted to optimize either one (to maximize throughput or minimize the delay). Both the performance of throughput and delay can be affected by several factors such as a heterogeneous traffic pattern, target aggregate frame size, channel condition, competing stations, etc. However, under the effect of uncertain conditions of heterogeneous traffic patterns and channel conditions in a network, determining the optimal target aggregate frame size is a significant approach that can be controlled to manage both throughput and delay. The main contribution of this study was to propose an adaptive aggregation algorithm that allows an adaptive optimal trade-off between maximizing system throughput and minimizing system delay in the WLAN downlink MU-MIMO channel. The proposed approach adopted different aggregation policies to adaptively select the optimal aggregation policy that allowed for achieving maximum system throughput by minimizing delay. Both queue delay and transmission delay, which have a significant impact when frame-aggregation algorithms are adopted, were considered. Different test case scenarios were considered such as channel error, traffic pattern, and number of competing stations. Through system-level simulation, the performance of the proposed approach was validated over the FIFO aggregation algorithm and earlier adaptive aggregation approaches, which only focused on achieving maximum throughput at the expense of delay. The performance of the proposed approach was evaluated under the effects of heterogenous traffic patterns for VoIP and video traffic applications, channel conditions, and number of STAs for WLAN downlink MU-MIMO channels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Network Protocols and Performance Evaluation, Volume II)
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18 pages, 981 KiB  
Article
Design and Evaluation of Schemes for Replacing Multiple Member Vehicles in Vehicular Clouds
by Hyunseok Choi, Youngju Nam, Yongje Shin, Kwansoo Jung and Euisin Lee
Electronics 2022, 11(13), 2085; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11132085 - 03 Jul 2022
Viewed by 1111
Abstract
Vehicular clouds are considered an attractive approach to provide various services such as safety and entertainment applications by sharing resources between vehicles. Due to the free mobility of vehicles, vehicular clouds need to reconstruct by replacing leaving member vehicles with new member vehicles. [...] Read more.
Vehicular clouds are considered an attractive approach to provide various services such as safety and entertainment applications by sharing resources between vehicles. Due to the free mobility of vehicles, vehicular clouds need to reconstruct by replacing leaving member vehicles with new member vehicles. When multiple member vehicles leave a vehicular cloud at different times, the design of an efficient member vehicle replacement scheme is a very challenging issue on determining the replacement timing. However, the research on the replacement of multiple member vehicles has little interest and is still in its infancy. Therefore, we propose three schemes to replace multiple member vehicles in vehicular clouds at three different replacement timings: MIN, MAX, and AVG. The MIN scheme replaces all of leaving member vehicles at the leaving time of the first leaving member vehicle, while the MAX scheme replaces all of leaving member vehicles at the leaving time of the last leaving member. The AVG scheme replaces all leaving member vehicles at the average time of their leaving times as a compromise between the Min and Max schemes. First, we determine the first leaving time, the last leaving time, and the average leaving time for each scheme by calculating the distance between a cloud requester vehicle and its member vehicles. Next, we choose replacement member vehicles to minimize the wasted resource at the replacement timing in each scheme. Last, we provide the process for releasing the resource of the leaving member vehicles and allocating the resource of the replacement member vehicles in each scheme. Through simulation results conducted in various environments, we compare and evaluate the performance of our three schemes in terms of the success ratio of the cloud maintenance and the amount of the wasted resources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Network Protocols and Performance Evaluation, Volume II)
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13 pages, 2665 KiB  
Article
PABAFT: Channel Prediction Approach Based on Autoregression and Flexible TDD for 5G Systems
by Kirill Glinskiy, Aleksey Kureev, Artem Krasilov and Evgeny Khorov
Electronics 2022, 11(12), 1853; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11121853 - 11 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1529
Abstract
To achieve high gains from multiple antennas in 5G systems, the base station (gNB) constructs precoders using channel measurements obtained based on pilot signals. For high user mobility, the measurements quickly become outdated, which is especially crucial for ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) [...] Read more.
To achieve high gains from multiple antennas in 5G systems, the base station (gNB) constructs precoders using channel measurements obtained based on pilot signals. For high user mobility, the measurements quickly become outdated, which is especially crucial for ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) traffic because it increases channel resource consumption to provide highly reliable transmissions and, consequently, reduces system capacity. Frequent pilot transmissions can provide accurate channel estimation and high-quality precoder but lead to huge overhead. Fortunately, 5G systems enable flexible time division duplex (TDD), which allows the gNB to dynamically change the configuration of downlink and uplink slots and tune the period of channel measurements. The paper exploits this feature and designs a new prediction approach based on autoregression and flexible TDD (PABAFT) that forecasts the channel between consequent pilots transmissions. To learn fine-grained channel properties, the gNB configures uplink pilot transmission in each slot. When the training data are collected, and the model is fitted, the gNB switches back to the regular slot configuration with a long pilot transmission period. Extensive simulations with NS-3 in high-mobility scenarios show that PABAFT provides the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) close to that with the ideal knowledge of the channel at the gNB. In addition, PABAFT significantly reduces channel resource consumption and, thus, increases capacity for URLLC traffic in comparison to the existing solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Network Protocols and Performance Evaluation, Volume II)
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19 pages, 387 KiB  
Article
Mobile Broadband Performance Evaluation: Analysis of National Reports
by Yalew Zelalem Jembre, Woon-young Jung, Muhammad Attique, Rajib Paul and Beomjoon Kim
Electronics 2022, 11(3), 485; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030485 - 08 Feb 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2271
Abstract
Five decades have passed since the first bit was transmitted over the internet. Although the internet has improved our lives and led to the digital economy, currently only 51% of the world’s population have access to it. Currently, consumers mostly access the internet [...] Read more.
Five decades have passed since the first bit was transmitted over the internet. Although the internet has improved our lives and led to the digital economy, currently only 51% of the world’s population have access to it. Currently, consumers mostly access the internet via mobile broadband, 2G, 3G, and 4G services. Regulatory bodies such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) of the US are responsible for ensuring that consumers receive an adequate service from Mobile Network Operators (MNOs). Usually, regulators evaluate the performance of each MNO in terms of service quality yearly and publish a report. To evaluate performance, metrics such as coverage, download/upload speed, and the number of subscribers can be used. However, the evaluation process and the metrics used by each regulatory body are inconsistent, and this makes it hard to determine which nations are providing adequate services to their citizens. Furthermore, it is not clear as to which performance evaluation is the right path. In this case study, we analyzed the reports released from eight nations (United States of America, United Kingdom, France, South Korea, Japan, Singapore, and Australia) as of the year 2020. We then point out the advantages and the drawbacks of the current evaluation process and metrics. Furthermore, a discussion on why the current methods are not sufficient to evaluate 5G services is presented. Our findings indicate that there is a great need for a unified metric and that this process becomes more complex with the rollout of 5G. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Network Protocols and Performance Evaluation, Volume II)
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Review

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27 pages, 2597 KiB  
Review
Mobility Management Issues and Solutions in 5G-and-Beyond Networks: A Comprehensive Review
by Maraj Uddin Ahmed Siddiqui, Faizan Qamar, Muhammad Tayyab, MHD Nour Hindia, Quang Ngoc Nguyen and Rosilah Hassan
Electronics 2022, 11(9), 1366; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091366 - 25 Apr 2022
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 6428
Abstract
The fully accomplished standardization of the new mobile generation has led to the deployment of fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks to gratify enormous traffic volume for Internet services. The current centralized mobility system could not be sufficient to manage an explosive increase in data [...] Read more.
The fully accomplished standardization of the new mobile generation has led to the deployment of fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks to gratify enormous traffic volume for Internet services. The current centralized mobility system could not be sufficient to manage an explosive increase in data volume and is considered a steadily rising issue in modern wireless communication. A new technique that can affluently handle traffic problems and completely avoid network breakdown chances is indispensable. Recently, distributed mobility management (DMM) was introduced to overcome the inevitable obstacles that destructively impact the existing networks. Specifically, a novel design based on the deployment of distributed mobility anchors, closer to the terminal points, was introduced. Several works have been proposed to build DMM solutions with different focuses for 5G-and-beyond networks (B5G), which are also referred to as sixth-generation solutions (6G). In this paper, we present the potential and benefits of flat network design for efficient and fast routing of traffic and furnish the effectiveness of the scheme toward mobility management in B5G by delineating recent research works. We also present the current limitations, challenges, and future research directions for seamless mobility to achieve the desired objectives in the current 5G and upcoming 6G cellular communications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Network Protocols and Performance Evaluation, Volume II)
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