Optimization-Based Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid-Electric Vehicles

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrical and Autonomous Vehicles".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2020) | Viewed by 14765

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Research Institute for Future Transport and Cities, Coventry University Technology Park, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2TL, UK
Interests: control engineering; multi objective optimisation; systems modelling image processing; formal methods

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vehicle weights have been increasing, initially driven by progress in crashworthiness, and lately by the electrification of the vehicles. This additional weight increases the overall energy demand, resulting in reduced range and increased emissions. Limited raw materials combined with the need to reduce emissions, driven by the socio-political agendas requires manufacturers to devise systems that are more energy efficient.

Vehicle connectivity together with the wide use of navigation systems are offering a data-rich environment. The conversion of these data into useful information offers significant opportunities in terms of trip planning and for vehicle adaptation to its immediate environment. Such information can be exploited within optimization strategies to improve the energy management of the vehicle, including parasitic and comfort loads, as well as the traditional powertrain components.

Vehicle connectivity provides additional opportunities to carry out computationally intensive tasks on a distributed cloud environment. By contrast, the risk associated with software failure and malicious hacking is also increasing.

This Special Issue presents the interrelated challenges faced by manufacturers and solutions that can be currently implemented, as well as those on the horizon for delivering an optimal, safe, and secure optimization-based energy management strategy for hybrid-electric vehicles.

I would like to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue of the Electronics Journal, entitled Optimization-Based Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid-Electric Vehicles.

Specific Topics

It is expected that future hybrid vehicles will be fully connected, and will be designed to be highly efficient in term of powertrain system components and architecture, but also in the management of electrical energy usage and recovery based on trip knowledge. The development of 48V technology, enabling the reduction of mechanical drag torque and friction losses in the engine, by replacing mechanical with electrical components, will increase the vehicle electrical load. The increased amount of comfort and parasitic loads, combined with the improved ability to partially activate these loads offers new opportunities for load optimisation, to increase the range and reduce the emissions of hybrid electric vehicles.

Submissions can address the conceptual and applied research in hybrid-electric vehicles with focus on topics including, but not limited to, the following:

  • Powertrain energy efficient
  • Impact of parasitic and comfort load on overall powertrain energy management
  • Impact of battery technology on powertrain management
  • Vehicle trajectory prediction and energy management
  • Model predictive control applied to powertrain energy management
  • Nature inspired optimization applied to powertrain energy management
  • On board vehicle systems for energy management
  • Cloud-based energy management
  • Battery technology and energy management
  • Impact of 48 V system on energy management
  • Energy management exploiting vehicle connectivity
  • Formal verification of optimization-based energy management
  • How to ensure correct and safe optimization-based software operations

Submissions should be of a high enough quality for an international journal, and should not be submitted or published elsewhere. However, the extended versions of conference papers that show significant improvement (minimum of over 30%) can be considered for review in this Special Issue. In addition, we welcome review papers covering the subjects of this Special Issue.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Olivier Haas
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Optimization
  • Hybrid electric vehicle
  • Intelligent
  • Adaptive
  • Predictive
  • Safe
  • Secure
  • Power train
  • Parasitic load
  • Comfort load

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 3735 KiB  
Article
On Implementing Optimal Energy Management for EREV Using Distance Constrained Adaptive Real-Time Dynamic Programming
by Aman V. Kalia and Brian C. Fabien
Electronics 2020, 9(2), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9020228 - 30 Jan 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4026
Abstract
Extended range electric vehicles (EREVs) operate both as an electric vehicle (EV) and as a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). As a hybrid, the on-board range extender (REx) system provides additional energy to increase the feasible driving range. In this paper, we evaluate an [...] Read more.
Extended range electric vehicles (EREVs) operate both as an electric vehicle (EV) and as a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). As a hybrid, the on-board range extender (REx) system provides additional energy to increase the feasible driving range. In this paper, we evaluate an experimental research EREV based on the 2016 Chevrolet Camaro platform for optimal energy management control. We use model-in-loop and software-in-loop environments to validate the data-driven power loss model of the research vehicle. A discussion on the limitations of conventional energy management control algorithms is presented. We then propose our algorithm derived from adaptive real-time dynamic programming (ARTDP) with a distance constraint for energy consumption optimization. To achieve a near real-time functionality, the algorithm recomputes optimal parameters by monitoring the energy storage system’s (ESS) state of charge deviations from the previously computed optimal trajectory. The proposed algorithm is adaptable to variability resulting from driving behavior or system limitations while maintaining the target driving range. The net energy consumption evaluation shows a maximum improvement of 9.8% over the conventional charge depleting/charge sustaining (CD/CS) algorithm used in EREVs. Thus, our proposed algorithm shows adaptability and fault tolerance while being close to the global optimal solution. Full article
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15 pages, 5113 KiB  
Article
Energy Management Strategy Design and Simulation Validation of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Driving in an Intelligent Fleet
by Xin Ye, Fei Lai and Zhiwei Huo
Electronics 2019, 8(12), 1516; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121516 - 10 Dec 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3083
Abstract
This paper proposes a combination method of longitudinal control and fuel management for an intelligent Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) fleet. This method can reduce the fuel consumption while maintaining the distance and speed for each vehicle in the fleet. An HEV system efficiency [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a combination method of longitudinal control and fuel management for an intelligent Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) fleet. This method can reduce the fuel consumption while maintaining the distance and speed for each vehicle in the fleet. An HEV system efficiency model was established to simulate the impact of different working modes. Based on the principle of optimal vehicle system efficiency, the energy management control strategy of HEV was designed. Then, the driver model of the piloting vehicle and the following vehicle was built by using an intelligent fuzzy control method. Finally, the intelligent fleet model and energy matching model of HEV were integrated with the simulation platform that was developed based on MATLAB/Simulink/Stateflow. The validity of the energy matching strategy of HEV under the principle of optimal system efficiency was verified by simulation results, and the purpose of improving the driving safety, traffic efficiency, and fuel economy of the fleet was achieved. Comparing with the conventional control strategy, the proposed method saved 7.79% of fuel for the HEV fleet. Meanwhile, the distance ranges between the vehicles were from 12 meters to 15 meters, which improved the driving safety, passing rate, and fuel economy. Full article
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14 pages, 621 KiB  
Article
Implementation of SOH Estimator in Automotive BMSs Using Recursive Least-Squares
by Woosuk Sung and Jaewook Lee
Electronics 2019, 8(11), 1237; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111237 - 29 Oct 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2879
Abstract
This paper presents a computationally efficient state-of-health (SOH) estimator that is readily applicable to automotive battery management systems (BMSs). The proposed scheme uses a recursive estimator to improve the original scheme based on a batch estimator. In the batch process, state estimation requires [...] Read more.
This paper presents a computationally efficient state-of-health (SOH) estimator that is readily applicable to automotive battery management systems (BMSs). The proposed scheme uses a recursive estimator to improve the original scheme based on a batch estimator. In the batch process, state estimation requires significantly longer CPU time than data measurement, and the original scheme may fail to satisfy real-time guarantees. To prevent this problem, we apply recursive least-squares. By replacing the batch process to solve the normal equation with a recursive update, the proposed scheme can spread CPU utilization and reduce memory footprint. The benefits of the recursive estimator are quantitatively validated by comparing its CPU time and memory footprint with those of the batch estimator. A similar level of SOH estimation accuracy is achievable with over 60% less memory usage, and the CPU time stabilizes around 5 ms. This enables implementation of the proposed scheme in automotive BMSs. Full article
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18 pages, 3721 KiB  
Article
Parameter Matching Optimization of a Powertrain System of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Multi-Objective Optimization
by Xiaoling Fu, Qi Zhang, Jiyun Tang and Chao Wang
Electronics 2019, 8(8), 875; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8080875 - 07 Aug 2019
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4165
Abstract
Aiming at problems of large computational complexity and poor reliability, a parameter matching optimization method of a powertrain system of hybrid electric vehicles based on multi-objective optimization is proposed in this paper. First, according to the vehicle basic parameters and performance indicators, the [...] Read more.
Aiming at problems of large computational complexity and poor reliability, a parameter matching optimization method of a powertrain system of hybrid electric vehicles based on multi-objective optimization is proposed in this paper. First, according to the vehicle basic parameters and performance indicators, the parameter ranges of different components were analyzed and calculated; then, with the weight coefficient method, the multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem of fuel consumption and emissions was transformed into a single-objective optimization problem; finally, the co-simulation of AVL Cruise and Matlab/Simulink was achieved to evaluate the effects of parameter matching through the objective function. The research results show that the proposed parameter matching optimization method for hybrid electric vehicles based on multi-objective optimization can significantly reduce fuel consumption and emissions of a vehicle simultaneously and thus provides an optimized vehicle configuration for energy management strategy research. The method proposed in this paper has a high application value in the optimization design of electric vehicles. Full article
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