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Electronics
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Electromagnetics in Biomedical Imaging
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Electromagnetics in Biomedical Imaging

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioelectronics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 6772

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Gianluigi Tiberi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London, SE1 0AA, UK
Interests: electromagnetics; microwave imaging; magnetic resonance imaging
Dr. Navid Ghavami

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
Interests: microwave imaging; ultra wideband (uwb) radar; wireless communications

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biomedical imaging is a rapidly evolving technology, both in terms of hardware/systems and diagnostic applications.

Imaging can be performed using a wide range of modalities, including the use of electromagnetic (EM) fields. For example, radio-frequency (RF) coils are required to perform imaging in MRI systems. Moreover, radar-based UWB imaging and microwave tomography systems (commonly referred to as microwave imaging systems) have been emerging in recent years thanks to their safety and to applications, which span from the detection of breast lesions to brain stroke classification, and many more.

The objective of this Special Issue is to provide an overview of the current research on “Electromagnetics in Biomedical Imaging”, highlighting the latest developments and innovations in modern applications, including but not limited to the following:

  • Radio-frequency (RF) coils for MRI application;
  • SAR exposure and monitoring;
  • Hardware and systems development for radar-based UWB imaging/microwave tomography (including novel antennas, metamaterials, phantom construction);
  • Development and quantification of imaging and artefact removal algorithms for radar-based UWB imaging/microwave tomography;
  • Clinical applications and validations of radar-based UWB imaging/microwave tomography;
  • Identification of new challenges and opportunities for new applications.

Dr. Gianluigi Tiberi
Dr. Navid Ghavami
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1043 KiB  
Article
A Microwave Imaging Procedure for Lung Lesion Detection: Preliminary Results on Multilayer Phantoms
by Banafsheh Khalesi, Bilal Khalid, Navid Ghavami, Giovanni Raspa, Mohammad Ghavami, Sandra Dudley-McEvoy and Gianluigi Tiberi
Electronics 2022, 11(13), 2105; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11132105 - 05 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1770
Abstract
In this work, a feasibility study for lung lesion detection through microwave imaging based on Huygens’ principle (HP) has been performed using multilayer oval shaped phantoms mimicking human torso having a cylindrically shaped inclusion simulating lung lesion. First, validation of the proposed imaging [...] Read more.
In this work, a feasibility study for lung lesion detection through microwave imaging based on Huygens’ principle (HP) has been performed using multilayer oval shaped phantoms mimicking human torso having a cylindrically shaped inclusion simulating lung lesion. First, validation of the proposed imaging method has been performed through phantom experiments using a dedicated realistic human torso model inside an anechoic chamber, employing a frequency range of 1–5 GHz. Subsequently, the miniaturized torso phantom validation (using both single and double inclusion scenarios) has been accomplished using a microwave imaging (MWI) device, which operates in free space using two antennas in multi-bistatic configuration. The identification of the target’s presence in the lung layer has been achieved on the obtained images after applying both of the following artifact removal procedures: (i) the “rotation subtraction” method using two adjacent transmitting antenna positions, and (ii) the “ideal” artifact removal procedure utilizing the difference between received signals from unhealthy and healthy scenarios. In addition, a quantitative analysis of the obtained images was executed based on the definition of signal to clutter ratio (SCR). The obtained results verify that HP can be utilized successfully to discover the presence and location of the inclusion in the lung-mimicking phantom, achieving an SCR of 9.88 dB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetics in Biomedical Imaging)
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9 pages, 916 KiB  
Article
Magnetic Resonance Wire Coil Losses Estimation with Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method
by Giulio Giovannetti, Yong Wang, Naveen Kumar Tumkur Jayakumar, Jeff Barney and Gianluigi Tiberi
Electronics 2022, 11(12), 1872; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11121872 - 14 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1615
Abstract
Radiofrequency (RF) coils are used to transmit and receive signals in magnetic resonance (MR) systems. Optimized RF coil design has to take into account strategies to maximize the coil performance by choosing coil sizes and geometry for achieving the best signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). [...] Read more.
Radiofrequency (RF) coils are used to transmit and receive signals in magnetic resonance (MR) systems. Optimized RF coil design has to take into account strategies to maximize the coil performance by choosing coil sizes and geometry for achieving the best signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In particular, coil conductor and radiative loss contributions strongly affect the SNR value, with the first mainly playing a role in low-field MR systems especially, while the second could be the dominant coil loss mechanism for high-frequency tuned coils. This paper investigates the accuracy of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for separately estimating coil conductor and radiative loss contributions. Comparison with finite element method (FEM) analysis and workbench measurements performed on a home-built coil prototype permitted us to validate the simulation results. Moreover, this research, jointly with literature data on sample-induced losses estimation, demonstrates that an FDTD-based solver permits providing an SNR model for coils with various and complicated geometries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetics in Biomedical Imaging)
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Review

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26 pages, 6684 KiB  
Review
Radio Frequency Coils for Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance Experiments with a 3T MR Clinical Scanner: Experience from a Cardiovascular Lab
by Giulio Giovannetti, Alessandra Flori, Maria Filomena Santarelli, Vincenzo Positano, Nicola Martini, Roberto Francischello, Rolf F. Schulte, Jan Henrik Ardenkjaer-Larsen, Luca Menichetti, Giovanni Donato Aquaro, Andrea Barison and Francesca Frijia
Electronics 2021, 10(4), 366; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10040366 - 03 Feb 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2471
Abstract
Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance (MR) is a promising technique for the noninvasive assessment of the regional cardiac metabolism since it permits heart physiology studies in pig and mouse models. The main objective of the present study is to resume the work carried [...] Read more.
Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance (MR) is a promising technique for the noninvasive assessment of the regional cardiac metabolism since it permits heart physiology studies in pig and mouse models. The main objective of the present study is to resume the work carried out at our electromagnetic laboratory in the field of radio frequency (RF) coil design, building, and testing. In this paper, first, we review the principles of RF coils, coil performance parameters, and estimation methods by using simulations, workbench, and MR imaging experiments. Then, we describe the simulation, design, and testing of different 13C coil configurations and acquisition settings for hyperpolarized studies on pig and mouse heart with a clinical 3T MRI scanner. The coil simulation is performed by developing a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) model in terms of coil resistance, sample-induced resistance, and magnetic field pattern. Coil resistance was calculated from Ohm’s law and sample-induced resistances were estimated with a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm. In contrast, the magnetic field per unit current was calculated by magnetostatic theory and a FDTD algorithm. The information could be of interest to graduate students and researchers working on the design and development of an MR coil to be used in 13C studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetics in Biomedical Imaging)
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