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Electronics
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Vehicles Technologies for Sustainable Smart Cities
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Vehicles Technologies for Sustainable Smart Cities

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrical and Autonomous Vehicles".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 10367

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Nikolay Hinov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Electronic Engineering and Technologies, Technical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
Interests: artificial intelligence; electric vehicles; energy storage; mathematical modeling; control theory and applications; smart cities and smart grids; power electronic converters; power electronic systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Darius Andriukaitis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Electronics Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, Lithuania
Interests: energy harvesting; interactive electronic systems; electric vehicles; integrated information systems; indirect measurement methods; reinforcement learning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jožef Ritonja

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 46, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
Interests: electric machines; control theory and applications; power systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The process of introducing electric vehicles, which represents one of the largest political projects in recent decades, also poses an extraordinary challenge for engineers and scientists. Governments and industry are investing enormous resources in this project. This project's importance and expectations correspond to the immense activities in developing and researching electric vehicles. Therefore, it is crucial that those involved in working in the fields of electric vehicles have enough state-of-the-art knowledge and access to the experiences gained by engineers in neighboring fields. This also is the purpose of this Special Issue: That engineers and scientists who have come up with new knowledge and findings while working in the field of electric vehicles have a platform to transfer them to others.

In the Special Issue, we expect contributions from the fields of research, development, design, and manufacturing of electric vehicles and necessary infrastructure, as well as from the fields of application of electric vehicles and their technical, economic, and social impact on other systems and the environment. Although the term “electric vehicles” mainly refers to electric cars, the Special Issue is not limited to cars. Articles from the fields of aircraft and electric boats and submarines are also welcome.

The area of the Special Issue is vast. We expect contributions to the following topics:

  • powertrains for electric vehicles (motors, generators, frequency converters, control algorithms)
  • batteries and battery management systems
  • sensors and sensor networks
  • fuel cells in electric vehicles
  • charging infrastructure for electric vehicles
  • the influence of electric vehicles on the power system (stabilization, V2G)
  • autonomous driving solutions
  • activities for the public promotion of electric vehicles
  • seaborne and airborne electric vehicles
  • energy harvesting
  • IoT for sustainable mobility
  • cybersecurity

Prof. Dr. Nikolay Hinov
Prof. Dr. Darius Andriukaitis
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jožef Ritonja
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Electric vehicles
  • electric vehicle (EV) powertrains
  • EV energy sources
  • EV components
  • autonomous drive
  • charging stations
  • EV in power system

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2642 KiB  
Article
Lightweight-BIoV: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Technology (BDLT) for Internet of Vehicles (IoVs)
by Asif Ali Laghari, Abdullah Ayub Khan, Reem Alkanhel, Hela Elmannai and Sami Bourouis
Electronics 2023, 12(3), 677; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12030677 - 29 Jan 2023
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 2501
Abstract
The vast enhancement in the development of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is due to the impact of the distributed emerging technology and topology of the industrial IoV. It has created a new paradigm, such as the security-related resource constraints of Industry 5.0. [...] Read more.
The vast enhancement in the development of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is due to the impact of the distributed emerging technology and topology of the industrial IoV. It has created a new paradigm, such as the security-related resource constraints of Industry 5.0. A new revolution and dimension in the IoV popup raise various critical challenges in the existing information preservation, especially in node transactions and communication, transmission, trust and privacy, and security-protection-related problems, which have been analyzed. These aspects pose serious problems for the industry to provide vehicular-related data integrity, availability, information exchange reliability, provenance, and trustworthiness for the overall activities and service delivery prospects against the increasing number of multiple transactions. In addition, there has been a lot of research interest that intersects with blockchain and Internet of Vehicles association. In this regard, the inadequate performance of the Internet of Vehicles and connected nodes and the high resource requirements of the consortium blockchain ledger have not yet been tackled with a complete solution. The introduction of the NuCypher Re-encryption infrastructure, hashing tree and allocation, and blockchain proof-of-work require more computational power as well. This paper contributes in two different folds. First, it proposes a blockchain sawtooth-enabled modular architecture for protected, secure, and trusted execution, service delivery, and acknowledgment with immutable ledger storage and security and peer-to-peer (P2P) network on-chain and off-chain inter-communication for vehicular activities. Secondly, we design and create a smart contract-enabled data structure in order to provide smooth industrial node streamlined transactions and broadcast content. Substantially, we develop and deploy a hyperledger sawtooth-aware customized consensus for multiple proof-of-work investigations. For validation purposes, we simulate the exchange of information and related details between connected devices on the IoV. The simulation results show that the proposed architecture of BIoV reduces the cost of computational power down to 37.21% and the robust node generation and exchange up to 56.33%. Therefore, only 41.93% and 47.31% of the Internet of Vehicles-related resources and network constraints are kept and used, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vehicles Technologies for Sustainable Smart Cities)
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18 pages, 9100 KiB  
Article
Research Based on Improved CNN-SVM Fault Diagnosis of V2G Charging Pile
by Yuyi Yang and Wu Zhu
Electronics 2023, 12(3), 655; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12030655 - 28 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1616
Abstract
With the increasing number of electric vehicles, V2G (vehicle to grid) charging piles which can realize the two-way flow of vehicle and electricity have been put into the market on a large scale, and the fault maintenance of charging piles has gradually become [...] Read more.
With the increasing number of electric vehicles, V2G (vehicle to grid) charging piles which can realize the two-way flow of vehicle and electricity have been put into the market on a large scale, and the fault maintenance of charging piles has gradually become a problem. Aiming at the problems that convolutional neural networks (CNN) are easy to overfit and the low localization accuracy in fault diagnosis of V2G charging piles, an improved fault classification model based on convolutional neural networks (CNN-SVM) is proposed. Firstly, the hardware adaptation optimization is carried out for the CNN structure, the wavelet packet transformation is used to extract the fault current signal feature information into the CNN, and the CNN-SVM model is constructed by SVM (Support Vector Machine) instead of the SoftMax classifier in the CNN. The PSO (particle swarm algorithm) is used to optimize the parameters of the SVM model to obtain the optimal model. Finally, the superiority of the proposed method is verified by multi-working cases. The experimental results show that the fault classification accuracy of the CNN-SVM model is far higher than that of the traditional deep learning network and has practical significance for fault diagnosis of the switch module of the charging pile. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vehicles Technologies for Sustainable Smart Cities)
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14 pages, 8305 KiB  
Article
Model for Vehicle to Home System with Additional Energy Storage for Households
by Nikolay Hinov, Vladimir Dimitrov and Gergana Vacheva
Electronics 2021, 10(9), 1085; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091085 - 04 May 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1923
Abstract
Smart integration of the upcoming proliferation of electric forms of transport in our energy system is the key in order to make it more robust and ready for a greener future. As such, technologies as Vehicle to Home are key in order to [...] Read more.
Smart integration of the upcoming proliferation of electric forms of transport in our energy system is the key in order to make it more robust and ready for a greener future. As such, technologies as Vehicle to Home are key in order to optimize the house consumption on an individual level. This paper develops the key blocks of a modified Vehicle to Home system, where in addition to the EV, a stationary battery pack is added. The paper presents models for household consumption, bidirectional AC/DC converter, its control system, dc/dc controllers, and their controllers. The goal is to design a system capable of consuming a desired power over time from the AC grid. Any energy difference is used to charge or discharge the available energy sources. As such, optimal control strategies are developed for the control of both the charging/discharging process. The presented optimized models allow for system level simulation for several weeks on a typical computer. Using this model some allows bot sizing the dc energy storage needed, along with comparison of different control algorithms for the power converters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vehicles Technologies for Sustainable Smart Cities)
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14 pages, 4555 KiB  
Article
Research of PVDF Energy Harvester Cantilever Parameters for Experimental Model Realization
by Mindaugas Cepenas, Bingzhong Peng, Darius Andriukaitis, Chandana Ravikumar, Vytautas Markevicius, Neringa Dubauskiene, Dangirutis Navikas, Algimantas Valinevicius, Mindaugas Zilys, Audrius Merfeldas and Nikolay Hinov
Electronics 2020, 9(12), 2030; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122030 - 01 Dec 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3017
Abstract
Piezoelectric energy harvesters have been extensively researched for use with wireless sensors or low power consumption electronic devices. Most of the piezoelectric energy harvesters cannot generate enough power for potential applications. In this study, we explore the parameters, including gap and proof mass, [...] Read more.
Piezoelectric energy harvesters have been extensively researched for use with wireless sensors or low power consumption electronic devices. Most of the piezoelectric energy harvesters cannot generate enough power for potential applications. In this study, we explore the parameters, including gap and proof mass, that can affect the damping of the cantilever to optimize the design of the energy harvester. A finite analysis is conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Usually, this type of simulation is performed using the loss factor. However, it is known that results from the loss factor produce models that do not fit the experimental data well. In fact, the result of output voltage using the loss factor is 50% higher than the real value, which is due to ignoring the adverse effect of a superimposing mechanical damping of different constituent materials. In order to build a true model, Rayleigh damping coefficients are measured to use in a simulation. This resulted in a closer fit of modeling and experimental data, and a 5 times better output voltage from the optimized energy harvester compared with using the smallest gap and mass. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vehicles Technologies for Sustainable Smart Cities)
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