Research

11 pages, 514 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relations among Stigma, Quality of Life, Resilience, and Life Satisfaction in Individuals with Burn Injuries

by Jack D. Watson and Paul B. Perrin

Eur. Burn J. 2022, 3(1), 145-155; https://doi.org/10.3390/ebj3010012 - 15 Feb 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2281

This study examined the relations among burn stigma, quality of life, resilience, and life satisfaction, hypothesizing that higher stigma and lower burn-related quality of life would lead to lower life satisfaction; however, resilience would moderate this relation. A sample of 89 participants was [...] Read more.

This study examined the relations among burn stigma, quality of life, resilience, and life satisfaction, hypothesizing that higher stigma and lower burn-related quality of life would lead to lower life satisfaction; however, resilience would moderate this relation. A sample of 89 participants was recruited from an outpatient clinic of a burn center in a critical care hospital. Participants completed a battery of measures assessing these constructs. Results suggested that burn stigma was associated with reduced life satisfaction after accounting for other variables. Multiple regression models found that burn stigma predicted both affect and body image but not interpersonal relationship quality or sexuality. Interpersonal relationship quality, sexuality, affect, and body image all predicted life satisfaction. Both affect and body image partially accounted for the relation between stigma and life satisfaction, and resilience accounted for the relation between stigma and affect. Findings reinforce previous literature that has shown a relationship between stigma and life satisfaction but also emphasizes the role of resilience and burn-related quality of life. Individuals who experience a burn injury may have innate resilience abilities, which allow them to bounce back from stressors; thus, resilience can be a targeted strength to bootstrap in order to improve adjustment outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychosocial Aspects of Burn Care, from Etiology to Treatment to Recovery)

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11 pages, 522 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Current Practices and Beliefs Regarding Screening Patients with Burns for Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Survey of the American Burn Association Membership

by Mallory B. Smith, Shelley A. Wiechman, Samuel P. Mandell, Nicole S. Gibran, Monica S. Vavilala and Frederick P. Rivara

Eur. Burn J. 2021, 2(4), 215-225; https://doi.org/10.3390/ebj2040016 - 01 Nov 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2149

Abstract

Stress disorders are common after burn injuries and universal screening is recommended. This study describes current screening practices and provider beliefs regarding screening for stress disorders in patients with burns in the US. This was a 31-question survey distributed to the American Burn [...] Read more.

Stress disorders are common after burn injuries and universal screening is recommended. This study describes current screening practices and provider beliefs regarding screening for stress disorders in patients with burns in the US. This was a 31-question survey distributed to the American Burn Association. Sixty-two percent of 121 respondents indicated their institution formally screened for ASD and/or PTSD. The most common reason for not screening was a lack of mental healthcare providers (46%), lack of funding (26%) and lack of time (20%). The timing of screening, the person administering the screening, and the method of screening varied for both pediatric and adult patients. Most respondents (87%) believed screening should be a standard of care, but only 32% were comfortable screening pediatric patients and 62% were comfortable screening adults. While screening for ASD and PTSD is recommended for patients with burns, our study indicates that screening is not a current standard of care. Lack of mental healthcare providers, funding, and time are contributing factors. Among those institutions that screen, a uniform screening practice does not exist. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychosocial Aspects of Burn Care, from Etiology to Treatment to Recovery)

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Review

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14 pages, 317 KiB

Open AccessReview

What Fuels the Fire: A Narrative Review of the Role Social Determinants of Health Play in Burn Injuries

by Kimberly H. Khoo, Emily S. Ross, Joshua S. Yoon, Tomer Lagziel, Feras Shamoun, Joseph S. Puthumana, Julie A. Caffrey, Sheera F. Lerman and Charles Scott Hultman

Eur. Burn J. 2022, 3(2), 377-390; https://doi.org/10.3390/ebj3020033 - 16 Jun 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1943

Abstract

Social determinants of health (SDOH) are the conditions where people live, learn, work, and play that affect their health and quality of life. There has been an increasing focus on the SDOH in the field of medicine to both explain and address health [...] Read more.

Social determinants of health (SDOH) are the conditions where people live, learn, work, and play that affect their health and quality of life. There has been an increasing focus on the SDOH in the field of medicine to both explain and address health outcomes. Both the risk of burn injuries and outcomes after burns have been found to be associated with multiple aspects of the SDOH. This narrative review seeks to explore the main domains of the social determinants of health, reiterate their importance to the general and burn injury population, examine each’s association with risks of burn injuries and burn-related outcomes, and provide an overview of the current burn research landscape that describes the social determinants of health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychosocial Aspects of Burn Care, from Etiology to Treatment to Recovery)

11 pages, 298 KiB

Open AccessReview

Treatment Adherence Interventions for Burn Patients: What Works and What Role Can Motivational Interviewing Play?

by Christian R. R. Goans, Karen J. Meltzer, Blake Martin and Kimberly Roaten

Eur. Burn J. 2022, 3(2), 309-319; https://doi.org/10.3390/ebj3020026 - 06 Apr 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2382

Abstract

The unique challenges burn patients face along the trajectory of recovery necessitate an interdisciplinary team approach to care. As much as providers rely on care-team members for delivery of optimal treatment, the patient must be an active collaborator in their care. Optimal burn [...] Read more.

The unique challenges burn patients face along the trajectory of recovery necessitate an interdisciplinary team approach to care. As much as providers rely on care-team members for delivery of optimal treatment, the patient must be an active collaborator in their care. Optimal burn recovery outcomes hinge on treatment adherence. In addition to general challenges faced in ubiquity by burn patients, there are specific patient populations for whom treatment adherence is particularly challenging. Although psychological interventions have been used successfully with burn patients, very few are appropriate for both inpatient and outpatient care environments and most do not focus on treatment adherence. This paper reviews unique facets of Motivational Interviewing (MI) that may be applicable in interdisciplinary burn treatment teams across inpatient and outpatient settings to optimize treatment adherence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychosocial Aspects of Burn Care, from Etiology to Treatment to Recovery)

10 pages, 7392 KiB

Open AccessReview

Cross-Cultural Review of Sexuality, Relationships, and Body Image after Burns: Analysis of the BSHS-B

by Joseph S. Puthumana, Emily S. Ross, Patrick R. Keller, Carolyn S. Drogt, Kimberly H. Khoo, Eliana F. Duraes, Charles S. Hultman and Sheera F. Lerman

Eur. Burn J. 2022, 3(1), 197-206; https://doi.org/10.3390/ebj3010017 - 24 Feb 2022

Viewed by 2074

Abstract

Burn survivors are at risk for dissatisfaction with body image, relationships, and sexuality due to disfiguring changes secondary to the injury. This review compares available global data on BSHS-B psychosocial scores. Twenty-four studies were included in the final analysis encompassing 14 countries; significant [...] Read more.

Burn survivors are at risk for dissatisfaction with body image, relationships, and sexuality due to disfiguring changes secondary to the injury. This review compares available global data on BSHS-B psychosocial scores. Twenty-four studies were included in the final analysis encompassing 14 countries; significant differences were found in scores across all BSHS-B psychological sub-sections of affect, body image, interpersonal relationships, and sexuality. On the whole, psychological well-being after burn injury was lower in Asian and South Asian countries compared to Europe or the United States. This study provides information for providers in burn centers caring for patients from a variety of cultural contexts and begins to steer initiatives to remedy psychological inequities in global burn care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychosocial Aspects of Burn Care, from Etiology to Treatment to Recovery)

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9 pages, 660 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Spiritual Healing: A Triple Scoping Review of the Impact of Spirituality on Burn Injuries, Wounds, and Critical Care

by Tomer Lagziel, Malik Muhammad Sohail, Harold G. Koenig, Jeffrey E. Janis, Stephen J. Poteet, Kimberly H. Khoo, Julie A. Caffrey, Sheera F. Lerman and Charles S. Hultman

Eur. Burn J. 2022, 3(1), 188-196; https://doi.org/10.3390/ebj3010016 - 24 Feb 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2674

Abstract

Burn patients are unique because their recovery requires prolonged hospital admissions, often complicated by a myriad of medical and surgical complications as well as psychological and emotional challenges. Religion and spirituality have been linked to improved health outcomes in other medical fields. Our [...] Read more.

Burn patients are unique because their recovery requires prolonged hospital admissions, often complicated by a myriad of medical and surgical complications as well as psychological and emotional challenges. Religion and spirituality have been linked to improved health outcomes in other medical fields. Our scoping review aimed to examine the available literature for evidence of the impact of spirituality on burns, complex wounds, and critical care to shed more light on the relationship between spirituality and the conditions treated by multidisciplinary burn center teams. We performed three systematic reviews to examine the relationship between spirituality and these conditions. Searches were performed using MeSH terms utilizing four databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus). A systematic and independent title/abstract screening was carried out by two independent reviewers and a full-text review was followed. Our review demonstrated a clear lack of overlap between study outcomes and lack of objective spirituality measurements. Most articles primarily focused on psychological outcomes, such as stress or mental health, instead of objective measures such as wound size or scar formation. We found a trend toward better psychological outcomes in patients with more spirituality, either pre-existing or interventional. To increase comparability and uniformity of outcomes, future studies would benefit from utilizing standardized spiritual assessment tools and objective wound metrics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychosocial Aspects of Burn Care, from Etiology to Treatment to Recovery)

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13 pages, 269 KiB

Open AccessReview

When Is Being Sad on the Burn Unit Pathological? Differential Diagnosis of Demoralization, Adjustment Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder in Burn Survivors

by Marissa L. Beal, Sheera F. Lerman and Idris E. Leppla

Eur. Burn J. 2022, 3(1), 122-134; https://doi.org/10.3390/ebj3010010 - 10 Feb 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2048

Abstract

Many burn survivors have pre-existing psychiatric conditions or develop psychological or psychiatric symptoms over the course of their hospital stay. Patients often present with low mood and neurovegetative symptoms which can be conceptualized as demoralization, adjustment disorder, or major depressive disorder. We review [...] Read more.

Many burn survivors have pre-existing psychiatric conditions or develop psychological or psychiatric symptoms over the course of their hospital stay. Patients often present with low mood and neurovegetative symptoms which can be conceptualized as demoralization, adjustment disorder, or major depressive disorder. We review the literature on these syndromes in burn survivors and present three cases that highlight the continuum of these syndromes for patients who present with symptoms of depression following a burn injury. We discuss the clinical challenges of differentiating these syndromes as well as psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacologic considerations and recommendations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychosocial Aspects of Burn Care, from Etiology to Treatment to Recovery)

32 pages, 490 KiB

Open AccessReview

Screening and Assessment for Psychological Distress among Burn Survivors

by Valerie G. Loehr, William F. Goette and Kimberly Roaten

Eur. Burn J. 2022, 3(1), 57-88; https://doi.org/10.3390/ebj3010008 - 03 Feb 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3901

Abstract

Given the high rates of psychological distress after burn injury, thorough screening and assessment for psychosocial factors and psychiatric pathology should be routinely completed for individuals with burn injuries. Burn survivors experience unique psychosocial changes and injury sequelae, such as body image concerns, [...] Read more.

Given the high rates of psychological distress after burn injury, thorough screening and assessment for psychosocial factors and psychiatric pathology should be routinely completed for individuals with burn injuries. Burn survivors experience unique psychosocial changes and injury sequelae, such as body image concerns, trauma-related pathology, and itching. Screening for these factors is integral to understanding how these may be contributing to psychological distress. Proactively identifying distress and psychiatric pathology is important to optimize physical and emotional outcomes. The aim of this manuscript is to summarize information about the available screening and assessment tools for psychological distress among burn survivors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychosocial Aspects of Burn Care, from Etiology to Treatment to Recovery)

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

33 pages, 487 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Resilience and Posttraumatic Growth after Burn: A Review of Barriers, Enablers, and Interventions to Improve Psychological Recovery

by Alix Woolard, Indijah Bullman, Amira Allahham, Treya Long, Helen Milroy, Fiona Wood and Lisa Martin

Eur. Burn J. 2022, 3(1), 89-121; https://doi.org/10.3390/ebj3010009 - 09 Feb 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2920

Abstract

Burn injuries are traumatic experiences that can detrimentally impact an individual’s psychological and emotional wellbeing. Despite this, some survivors adapt to psychosocial challenges better than others despite similar characteristics relating to the burn. Positive adaptation is known as resilience or posttraumatic growth, depending [...] Read more.

Burn injuries are traumatic experiences that can detrimentally impact an individual’s psychological and emotional wellbeing. Despite this, some survivors adapt to psychosocial challenges better than others despite similar characteristics relating to the burn. Positive adaptation is known as resilience or posttraumatic growth, depending on the trajectory and process. This review aimed to describe the constructs of resiliency and growth within the burn injury context, examine the risk factors that inhibit resilience or growth after burn (barriers), the factors that promote resilience or growth after burn (enablers), and finally to assess the impact of interventions that have been tested that may facilitate resilience or growth after burn. This review was performed according to the recently updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Guidelines. An electronic search was conducted in November 2021 on the databases PubMed, Medline (1966-present), Embase (1974-present), PsycINFO for English-language peer-reviewed academic articles. There were 33 studies included in the review. Findings were mixed for most studies; however, there were factors related to demographic information (age, gender), burn-specific characteristics (TBSA, time since burn), person-specific factors (personality, coping style), psychopathology (depression, PTSD), and psychosocial factors (social support, spirituality/religion, life purpose) that were evidenced to be related to resilience and growth. One qualitative study evaluated an intervention, and this study showed that a social camp for burn patients can promote resilience. This study has presented a variety of factors that inhibit or encourage resilience and growth, such as demographic, individual, and social factors. We also present suggestions on interventions that may be used to promote growth following this adverse event, such as improving social support, coping styles and deliberate positive introspection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychosocial Aspects of Burn Care, from Etiology to Treatment to Recovery)

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