Research

9 pages, 2166 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anatomical Features of the Parotid Duct in Sialography as an Aid to Endoscopy—A Retrospective Study

by Gal Avishai, Muhammad Younes, Hanna Gilat, Leon Gillman, Vadim Reiser, Eli Rosenfeld, Gavriel Chaushu and Daya Masri

Diagnostics 2022, 12(8), 1868; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12081868 - 02 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3022

Abstract

Sialography is used for diagnosis of obstructive salivary gland diseases and prior to sialendoscopy. Three-dimensional cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) sialography allows imaging and measurement of salivary duct structures. Salivary gland endoscopy has a long learning curve. The aim of this retrospective study [...] Read more.

Sialography is used for diagnosis of obstructive salivary gland diseases and prior to sialendoscopy. Three-dimensional cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) sialography allows imaging and measurement of salivary duct structures. Salivary gland endoscopy has a long learning curve. The aim of this retrospective study is to create an anatomical quantitative guide of different distances and angles significant for endoscopy. Twenty-six CBCT sialographies of healthy parotid ducts were included. Outcome parameters included diameters, distances, angles and number of minor tributaries. Results show the average distance from the papilla to the curvature of the gland was 41.5 mm (Q1 36.97 mm–Q3 45.32 mm), with an angle of 126.9° (Q1 107.58°–Q3 135.6°) of the curvature and a distance of 35.25 mm (±7.81 mm) between the curvature and the hilus. The mean width of the duct was 0.8 mm (Q1 0.7 mm–Q3 1.15 mm) at its narrowest and 2 mm (Q1 1.4 mm–Q3 2.2 mm) at its widest. This is the first anatomical quantitative study of the parotid duct in relation to sialendoscopy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral and Maxillofacial Image Diagnosis)

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12 pages, 2044 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Photodynamic Diagnosis Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid with a Novel Compact System and Chromaticity Analysis for the Detection of Oral Cancer and High-Risk Potentially Malignant Oral Disorders

by Seiko Tatehara, Toru Sato, Yusuke Takebe, Momoka Fujinaga, Chiaki Tsutsumi-Arai, Yumi Ito and Kazuhito Satomura

Diagnostics 2022, 12(7), 1532; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071532 - 23 Jun 2022

Viewed by 1624

Abstract

Detecting early-stage oral cancer and precancerous lesions are critical to improving patient prognosis and quality of life after treatment. Photodynamic diagnosis using 5-aminolevulinic acid enables the detection of malignant lesions. This study aimed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of photodynamic diagnosis using an [...] Read more.

Detecting early-stage oral cancer and precancerous lesions are critical to improving patient prognosis and quality of life after treatment. Photodynamic diagnosis using 5-aminolevulinic acid enables the detection of malignant lesions. This study aimed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of photodynamic diagnosis using an objective chromaticity analysis of fluorescence emitted from oral lesions. Sixty-seven patients with clinically suspicious oral cavity lesions underwent photodynamic diagnosis after topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid solution, followed by imaging and histological evaluation of the lesions. Chromaticity red and green values were measured from the fluorescence images on the lesion, and the red-to-green ratio was calculated. The photodynamic diagnosis allowed for the visualization of oral cancer and high-risk dysplasia as red fluorescence. Compared to low-risk dysplasia and benign lesions, oral cancer and high-risk dysplasia areas had a significantly higher red value and red-to-green ratio. After setting the cutoff value, sensitivity and specificity were 83.3–88.7% and 83.3–83.9%, respectively, when discriminating between oral cancer or high-risk dysplasia and low-risk dysplasia or benign lesions. Photodynamic diagnosis combined with chromaticity analysis may be a valuable diagnostic tool for detecting oral lesions, with a high likelihood of malignant transformation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral and Maxillofacial Image Diagnosis)

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Review

Jump to: Research, Other

26 pages, 2088 KiB

Open AccessReview

Tongue Contour Tracking and Segmentation in Lingual Ultrasound for Speech Recognition: A Review

by Khalid Al-hammuri, Fayez Gebali, Ilamparithi Thirumarai Chelvan and Awos Kanan

Diagnostics 2022, 12(11), 2811; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112811 - 15 Nov 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3072

Abstract

Lingual ultrasound imaging is essential in linguistic research and speech recognition. It has been used widely in different applications as visual feedback to enhance language learning for non-native speakers, study speech-related disorders and remediation, articulation research and analysis, swallowing study, tongue 3D modelling, [...] Read more.

Lingual ultrasound imaging is essential in linguistic research and speech recognition. It has been used widely in different applications as visual feedback to enhance language learning for non-native speakers, study speech-related disorders and remediation, articulation research and analysis, swallowing study, tongue 3D modelling, and silent speech interface. This article provides a comparative analysis and review based on quantitative and qualitative criteria of the two main streams of tongue contour segmentation from ultrasound images. The first stream utilizes traditional computer vision and image processing algorithms for tongue segmentation. The second stream uses machine and deep learning algorithms for tongue segmentation. The results show that tongue tracking using machine learning-based techniques is superior to traditional techniques, considering the performance and algorithm generalization ability. Meanwhile, traditional techniques are helpful for implementing interactive image segmentation to extract valuable features during training and postprocessing. We recommend using a hybrid approach to combine machine learning and traditional techniques to implement a real-time tongue segmentation tool. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral and Maxillofacial Image Diagnosis)

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Other

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5 pages, 1203 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Mandibular Radiolucencies: A Differential Diagnosis of a Rare Tumor

by Antonio Cabrera-Arcas, Jose-Francisco Montes-Carmona and Luis-Miguel Gonzalez-Perez

Diagnostics 2022, 12(7), 1651; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071651 - 07 Jul 2022

Viewed by 4415

Abstract

The diagnosis and treatment of maxillofacial cystic lesions requires careful evaluation and correlation of the clinical presentation and radiological studies. The Pindborg tumor, also known as the calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, is a locally invasive benign neoplasm, with only around 300 cases being [...] Read more.

The diagnosis and treatment of maxillofacial cystic lesions requires careful evaluation and correlation of the clinical presentation and radiological studies. The Pindborg tumor, also known as the calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, is a locally invasive benign neoplasm, with only around 300 cases being published to date. This study presents a new case of this already uncommon neoplasm, not associated with an impacted tooth, and describes the clinicopathological features of this rare entity, along with a review of other reported cases. Despite surgery having been recognized as the treatment of choice for the Pindborg tumor, no firm consensus exists concerning the extension of surgical resection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral and Maxillofacial Image Diagnosis)

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8 pages, 2859 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Bilateral Cervical Lymphadenopathy after mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patient: A Case Report

by Eun-Sung Kang and Moon-Young Kim

Diagnostics 2022, 12(7), 1518; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071518 - 21 Jun 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2523

Abstract

We report the case of a 59-year-old man with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the right mandibular gingiva, who presented with bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy (CLA) after mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. The patient was diagnosed. Imaging studies performed prior to surgery revealed [...] Read more.

We report the case of a 59-year-old man with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the right mandibular gingiva, who presented with bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy (CLA) after mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. The patient was diagnosed. Imaging studies performed prior to surgery revealed bilateral CLA and axillary lymphadenopathy (LA) ipsilateral to the vaccination site. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of the left CLA revealed reactive lymph nodes. The patient underwent surgical intervention for the malignant tumor, and the specimen was sent for histopathologic evaluation. The biopsy-proven cancer stage was pT3N0Mx. Positron emission tomography (PET-CT), performed six months after surgery, showed persistent bilateral CLA. However, FNA of the left axillary LA once again showed no evidence of metastasis or recurrence. Since the treatment plan may change based on the type of LA, it is important to figure out whether an mRNA vaccine has been administered to patients with head and neck cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral and Maxillofacial Image Diagnosis)

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3 pages, 1280 KiB

Open AccessInteresting Images

Pindborg Tumor—An Uncommon Odontogenic Tumor Detected by 68Ga-DOTATOC

by Anna Herden, Deema Sabtan, Katja Warnecke, Christian Doll and Christian Furth

Diagnostics 2022, 12(2), 389; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12020389 - 02 Feb 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1322

Abstract

A 62-year-old-woman with a suspected Tumor-induced-osteomalacia (TIO), a rare neoplastic syndrome that results in renal phosphate wasting with hypophosphatemia, underwent ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT on the suspicion of a mesenchymal tumor producing Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Imaging revealed a small osteolytic, somatostatin receptor [...] Read more.

A 62-year-old-woman with a suspected Tumor-induced-osteomalacia (TIO), a rare neoplastic syndrome that results in renal phosphate wasting with hypophosphatemia, underwent ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT on the suspicion of a mesenchymal tumor producing Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Imaging revealed a small osteolytic, somatostatin receptor (SSTR) positive lesion containing calcifications in the alveolar process of the maxilla. No other SSTR-positive focus was found. A biopsy was performed by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon that revealed a calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (Pindborg tumor). This case shows that epithelial odontogenic tumors as an uncommon benign tumor entity can also be SSTR-positive. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral and Maxillofacial Image Diagnosis)

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8 pages, 1187 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

MALT Lymphoma of the Tongue in a Patient with Sjögren’s Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review

by Jiyeon Baik, Hye-Jin Baek, Kyeong-Hwa Ryu, Hyo-Jung An, Seulki Song, Ho-Joon Lee and Yeonah Kang

Diagnostics 2021, 11(9), 1715; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11091715 - 19 Sep 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3887

Abstract

Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands, as well as oral and ocular dryness. Among the late complications, malignant lymphoma is the most serious complication of SS. The risk of lymphoma in patients [...] Read more.

Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands, as well as oral and ocular dryness. Among the late complications, malignant lymphoma is the most serious complication of SS. The risk of lymphoma in patients with SS has been estimated to be approximately 7–19 times higher than that in a generally healthy population. Although various histologic subtypes of lymphoma can occur in patients with SS, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma accounts for 48–75% of malignant lymphomas that are frequently located in the parotid gland. However, MALT lymphoma affecting the tongue in patients with SS is extremely rare. Here, we share our experience with a unique case of MALT lymphoma of the tongue, originating from the minor salivary gland tissue in a patient with SS. Through this case report, we emphasize that MALT lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a tongue mass in patients with SS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral and Maxillofacial Image Diagnosis)

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7 pages, 2174 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Value of ¹⁸F-PSMA-PET/MRI for Assessment of Recurring Ranula

by Felix Tilsen, Siegmar Reinert, Jürgen Frank Schäfer, Christian la Fougère, Anthony Valentin and Christian Philipp Reinert

Diagnostics 2021, 11(8), 1462; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11081462 - 12 Aug 2021

Viewed by 2424

Abstract

We report the case of a 6-year-old patient with suspected recurrence of a plunging ranula in clinical and ultrasonographic examination. Surgical resection of the left submandibular and sublingual glands had already been performed. Since persistent glandular tissue could not be excluded with certainty [...] Read more.

We report the case of a 6-year-old patient with suspected recurrence of a plunging ranula in clinical and ultrasonographic examination. Surgical resection of the left submandibular and sublingual glands had already been performed. Since persistent glandular tissue could not be excluded with certainty via MRI, we expanded diagnostics by performing a PET/MRI using a head and neck imaging protocol and the radiotracer ¹⁸F-PSMA-1007, which is physiologically expressed by salivary gland tissue. The ¹⁸F-PSMA-PET/MRI provided evidence of a cystically transformed, diminishing seroma in the left retro-/submandibular region. No ¹⁸F-PSMA expressing glandular tissue could be detected in the area of resection, excluding a relapse of a plunging ranula. As a consequence, we opted for a conservative treatment without further surgical intervention. We conclude that a simultaneous ¹⁸F-PSMA-PET/MRI is a comprehensive imaging modality, which can help to rule out persistent salivary tissue and recurring plunging ranula. It is a useful tool to facilitate the decision making of surgical interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral and Maxillofacial Image Diagnosis)

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