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Diagnostics
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Diagnostic Imaging of Gastrointestinal Diseases
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Diagnostic Imaging of Gastrointestinal Diseases

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 11848

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Bang-Bin Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
2. Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
Interests: abdominal diagnostic and functional imaging, including CT, MRI, PET/MRI

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent advancement in diagnostic imaging has enhanced clinical care in patients with gastrointestinal diseases. These novel imaging techniques could shed light on tumor biology, detect early cancer development, differentiate benign from malignant lesions, and even predict treatment response and prognosis in various gastrointestinal disorders. For example, dual-energy CT may aid the detection and characterization of multiple gastrointestinal tumors. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI can assess tumor angiogenesis and predict treatment response after targeted therapy. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging, intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MR imaging, and diffusion-kurtosis imaging help to differentiate benign from malignant tumors by analyzing the lesions’ water diffusion and tissue cellularity. Recently, PET/MR has offered combined anatomic, functional, and metabolic information in a single examination and has become a valuable tool for cancer screening, staging, and response evaluation in these patients. In this Special Issue, we would like to address the recent advancement of diagnostic imaging of gastrointestinal diseases. Our aim is for this Special Issue to provide the most up-to-date information for both clinicians and radiologists.

Prof. Dr. Bang-Bin Chen
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 2560 KiB  
Article
Pyloric Incompetence Associated with Helicobactor pylori Infection and Correlated to the Severity of Atrophic Gastritis
by Takuki Sakaguchi, Takaaki Sugihara, Ken Ohnita, Daisuke Fukuda, Tetsuro Honda, Ryohei Ogihara, Hiroki Kurumi, Kazuo Yashima and Hajime Isomoto
Diagnostics 2022, 12(3), 572; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12030572 - 23 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4208
Abstract
Duodenogastric reflux (DGR) causes bile reflux gastritis (BRG) and may develop into gastric cancer. DGR is classified as primary in non-operated stomachs or secondary to surgical intervention. Primary DGR and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection are reportedly related. However, the mechanism [...] Read more.
Duodenogastric reflux (DGR) causes bile reflux gastritis (BRG) and may develop into gastric cancer. DGR is classified as primary in non-operated stomachs or secondary to surgical intervention. Primary DGR and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection are reportedly related. However, the mechanism is not fully understood. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between H. pylori infection and pyloric incompetence in a non-operated stomach. A total of 502 non-operated participants who underwent an upper intestinal endoscopy were prospectively enrolled. Endoscopic findings (EAC, endoscopic atrophy classification; nodular gastritis; xanthoma; fundic gland polyp; and incompetence of pylorus), sex, age, gastrin, pepsinogen (PG) I and PG II levels were evaluated. PG I/PG II ratio, anti-H. pylori-Ab positivity, and atrophic gastritis status were significantly different between the normal and incompetent pylori (p = 0.043, <0.001, and 0.001, respectively). Open-type atrophic gastritis was significantly higher in the incompetent pylori. Incompetence of the pylorus and EAC were moderately correlated (Cramer’s V = 0.25). Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of anti-H. pylori-Ab was the only independent factor associated with the incompetence of the pylorus, with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.70 (95% CI: 1.47–4.94, p = 0.001). In conclusion, pyloric incompetence was associated with H. pylori infection and moderately correlated to the severity of atrophic gastritis in non-operated stomachs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Imaging of Gastrointestinal Diseases)
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10 pages, 1280 KiB  
Article
A Nomogram for Predicting Laparoscopic and Endoscopic Cooperative Surgery during the Endoscopic Resection of Subepithelial Tumors of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
by Shun-Wen Hsiao, Mei-Wen Chen, Chia-Wei Yang, Kuo-Hua Lin, Yang-Yuan Chen, Chew-Teng Kor, Siou-Ping Huang and Hsu-Heng Yen
Diagnostics 2021, 11(11), 2160; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11112160 - 22 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1706
Abstract
Background: Considering the widespread use of esophagogastroduodenoscopy, the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal (GI) subepithelial tumors (SET) increases. For relatively safer removal of upper GI SETs, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been developed as an alternative to surgery. This study aimed to analyze the [...] Read more.
Background: Considering the widespread use of esophagogastroduodenoscopy, the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal (GI) subepithelial tumors (SET) increases. For relatively safer removal of upper GI SETs, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been developed as an alternative to surgery. This study aimed to analyze the outcome of endoscopic resection for SETs and develop a prediction model for the need for laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) during the procedure. Method: We retrospectively analyzed 123 patients who underwent endoscopic resection for upper GI SETs between January 2012 and December 2020 at our institution. Intraoperatively, they underwent ESD or submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER). Results: ESD and STER were performed in 107 and 16 patients, respectively. The median age was 55 years, and the average tumor size was 1.5 cm. En bloc resection was achieved in 114 patients (92.7%). The median follow-up duration was 242 days without recurrence. Perforation occurred in 47 patients (38.2%), and 30 patients (24.4%) underwent LECS. Most perforations occurred in the fundus. Through multivariable analysis, we built a nomogram that can predict LECS requirement according to tumor location, size, patient age, and sex. The prediction model exhibited good discrimination ability, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.893. Conclusions: Endoscopic resection is a noninvasive procedure for small upper-GI SETs. Most perforations can be successfully managed endoscopically. The prediction model for LECS requirement is useful in treatment planning. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Imaging of Gastrointestinal Diseases)
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Review

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10 pages, 872 KiB  
Review
Duodenal Pseudomelanosis: A Literature Review
by Gianluca Lopez, Marianna D’Ercole, Stefano Ferrero and Giorgio Alberto Croci
Diagnostics 2021, 11(11), 1974; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11111974 - 24 Oct 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2673
Abstract
Duodenal pseudomelanosis (also known as pseudomelanosis duodeni) is a rare endoscopic incidental finding defined by a pigmentation limited to the apex of the intestinal villi, which requires histological confirmation. While its exact pathogenesis is still poorly understood, it appears free from clinical consequences. [...] Read more.
Duodenal pseudomelanosis (also known as pseudomelanosis duodeni) is a rare endoscopic incidental finding defined by a pigmentation limited to the apex of the intestinal villi, which requires histological confirmation. While its exact pathogenesis is still poorly understood, it appears free from clinical consequences. This condition is believed to be associated with oral iron intake, antihypertensive drugs containing a sulfur moiety (i.e., hydralazine, furosemide), and several chronic diseases (i.e., hypertension, end-stage renal disease, diabetes). However, the exact prevalence of these treatments and comorbidities among patients with duodenal pseudomelanosis is not clearly defined. Several case reports and case series about duodenal pseudomelanosis have been published in recent years. In this review, we aimed to clearly define its endoscopic and microscopic presentation; its epidemiology, associated comorbidities, and drugs; the most useful special histochemical techniques used to classify the nature of the pigmentation; and the most relevant differential diagnoses. In addition, by considering our findings, we also formulated a number of hypotheses about its pathogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Imaging of Gastrointestinal Diseases)
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12 pages, 1937 KiB  
Review
Diagnostic Accuracy of Non-Invasive Imaging for Detection of Colonic Inflammation in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Meshari T. Alshammari, Rebecca Stevenson, Buraq Abdul-Aema, Guangyong Zou, Vipul Jairath, Shellie Radford, Luca Marciani and Gordon W. Moran
Diagnostics 2021, 11(10), 1926; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11101926 - 18 Oct 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2545
Abstract
Endoscopy is the gold standard for objective assessment of colonic disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Non-invasive colonic imaging using bowel ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may have a role in quantifying colonic disease activity. We reviewed [...] Read more.
Endoscopy is the gold standard for objective assessment of colonic disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Non-invasive colonic imaging using bowel ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may have a role in quantifying colonic disease activity. We reviewed the diagnostic accuracy of these modalities for assessment of endoscopically or histopathologically defined colonic disease activity in IBD. We searched Embase, MEDLINE, and the Web of Science from inception to 20 September 2021. QUADAS-2 was used to evaluate the studies’ quality. A meta-analysis was performed using a bivariate model approach separately for MRI and US studies only, and summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were obtained. CT studies were excluded due to the absence of diagnostic test data. Thirty-seven studies were included. The mean sensitivity and specificity for MRI studies was 0.75 and 0.91, respectively, while for US studies it was 0.82 and 0.90, respectively. The area under the ROC curves (AUC) was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.82 to 0.93) for MRI, and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.75 to 1.00) for US. Both MRI and US show high diagnostic accuracy in the assessment of colonic disease activity in IBD patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Imaging of Gastrointestinal Diseases)
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