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Diagnostics
Special Issues
Functional Anatomy and Clinical Diagnosis
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Functional Anatomy and Clinical Diagnosis

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 2567

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jorge Murillo-González

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Guest Editor
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: human anatomy and embryology; clinical anatomy; locomotor system

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The study of human anatomy has progressed at an accelerating pace over the centuries, with recent advancements in molecular mechanisms contributing to a deeper understanding of the structure and function of the body. Gross anatomy, which supports all medical and surgical fields, has evolved into various current layers, such as descriptive, topographic, surface, and clinical anatomy. Additionally, modern technologies, such as computerized axial tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography, have allowed for inspection of the intact body. Is it then valid, amongst all this progress, to suggest an additional view of anatomy aimed at diagnosis, based on palpation and new diagnostic imaging techniques, with the explored parts still as well as during motion and ultimately enlightened by cadaveric dissection? This Special Issue will include a bird’s-eye view of how this method developed and provide examples of its actual and potential utility.

Prof. Dr. Jorge Murillo-González
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 1405 KiB  
Article
Examining the Forearm Intersection through Palpation and Ultrasonography
by Esperanza Naredo, Jorge Murillo-González, José Ramón Mérida Velasco, Otto Olivas Vergara, Robert A. Kalish, Cristina Gómez-Moreno, Eva García-Carpintero Blas, Gema Fuensalida-Novo and Juan J. Canoso
Diagnostics 2024, 14(1), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14010116 - 04 Jan 2024
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Abstract
Background: Forearm intersection syndrome causes pain, swelling, and a rub at the dorsal distal forearm where the first extensor compartment muscles intersect with the second compartment tendons. Although primary care settings tend to treat mild cases, high-performance athletes may suffer from severe symptoms [...] Read more.
Background: Forearm intersection syndrome causes pain, swelling, and a rub at the dorsal distal forearm where the first extensor compartment muscles intersect with the second compartment tendons. Although primary care settings tend to treat mild cases, high-performance athletes may suffer from severe symptoms that require surgery. This proof-of-concept study aims to help detect the anatomical substrate of forearm intersection syndrome using palpation and ultrasonography when available. Methods: Five individuals were studied using independent palpation and ultrasonography to identify the first dorsal compartment muscles and the second dorsal compartment tendons. The distances between the dorsal (Lister’s) tubercle of the radius and the ulnar and radial edges of the first dorsal compartment muscles were measured to determine the location and extent of the muscle–tendon intersection. The palpatory and ultrasonographic measurements were compared using descriptive statistics and the paired t-test. Results: The mean distances from the dorsal tubercle of the radius to the ulnar and radial borders of the first dorsal compartment muscles were 4.0 cm (SE 0.42) and 7.7 cm (SE 0.56), respectively, based on palpation. By ultrasonography, the corresponding distances were 3.5 cm (SD 1.05, SE 0.47) and 7.0 cm (SD 1.41, SE 0.63). Both methods showed a similar overlap length. However, ultrasonography revealed a shorter distance between the dorsal tubercle of the radius and the ulnar border of the first compartment than palpation (p = 0.0249). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that a basic knowledge of anatomy should help health professionals diagnose forearm intersection syndrome through palpation and, if available, ultrasonography. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Anatomy and Clinical Diagnosis)
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12 pages, 1953 KiB  
Article
Palpation and Ultrasonography Reveal an Ignored Function of the Inferior Belly of Omohyoid: A Case Series and a Proof-of-Concept Study
by Juan J. Canoso, José Alvarez Nemegyei, Esperanza Naredo, Jorge Murillo González, José Ramón Mérida Velasco, Cristina Hernández Díaz, Otto Olivas Vergara, José Guillermo Alvarez Acosta, José Eduardo Navarro Zarza and Robert A. Kalish
Diagnostics 2023, 13(18), 3004; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13183004 - 20 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1223
Abstract
Background: Palpation, a traditional haptic ability, is used daily by practitioners of all medical and surgical specialties to assess patients. In the current study, one of the authors, in a routine clinical setting, was able to deduce the dynamic features of the putative [...] Read more.
Background: Palpation, a traditional haptic ability, is used daily by practitioners of all medical and surgical specialties to assess patients. In the current study, one of the authors, in a routine clinical setting, was able to deduce the dynamic features of the putative inferior belly of omohyoid. This led to a proof-of-concept study that yielded results consistent with the clinical findings. Methods: The first part of the study involved a survey of 300 rheumatic disease patients in whom the greater supraclavicular fossa was explored by palpation. While the patient kept the head straight, the clinician placed his middle three fingers 2.5–3 cm dorsal to the clavicle in the window between the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius clavicular insertions, explored the supraclavicular fossa, and palpated the paired contractile inferior belly of the assumed omohyoid during flexion in the three orthogonal planes. In the second part of the study, five normal subjects were examined in a similar manner by the same clinician and had independent ultrasonography performed on the dominant side. Descriptive statistics were used, and Yates’ corrected chi-squared test was applied to certain nominal variables. Additionally, a comparative anterolateral bilateral neck dissection was performed in a cadaveric specimen. Results: Both studies showed that the contractile structure was the inferior belly of omohyoid and that its contraction occurred during anterior neck flexion and was opposite to the side of neck rotation, resembling the sternocleidomastoid. Conclusions: Palpation uncovered a previously unknown function of the inferior belly of omohyoid, suggesting that physical examination of the musculoskeletal system based on palpation may lead to hypotheses worthy of exploration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Anatomy and Clinical Diagnosis)
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