Hyperglycemia in Respiratory Diseases—Impact and Challenges

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 2397

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Izmir Dr Suat Seren Training and Research Hospital for Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, University of Health Sciences-Turkey, Izmir, Turkey
Interests: interventional pulmonology; pleural diseases; sarcoidosis and other granulomatous diseases; lung cancer; pulmonary vascular diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hyperglycemia (increased blood glucose levels) has become an epidemic disorder worldwide. As it affects multiple organs, hyperglycemia-related complications need to be continuously followed-up and assessed. Macrovascular and microvascular diseases due to hyperglycemia lead to morbidity and mortality, contribute adversely to the quality of life and increase the cost of health care. The respiratory system is one of the most overlooked target organs of hyperglycemia because its clinical relevance is underrecognized and the hyperglycemia–respiratory system association has not been investigated sufficiently. Respiratory diseases, also increasing in prevalence globally, have a bidirectional relationship with hyperglycemia. The pro-inflammatory, proliferative, and oxidative properties of hyperglycemia have been shown to have a significant role in affecting pulmonary vasculature, airways, and lung parenchyma. Although the relevant data suggests some overlapping or shared regulatory mechanisms between hyperglycemia and respiratory diseases, their exact relationships have not yet been shown clearly. Elucidating how hyperglycemia and respiratory diseases impact each other will be beneficial in developing new management strategies. Thus, this Special Issue will focus on the adverse association between hyperglycemia and respiratory diseases, and its clinical impacts and challenges regarding management.

Prof. Dr. Semra Bilaceroglu
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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14 pages, 3776 KiB  
Review
Diabetes Mellitus and Pneumococcal Pneumonia
by Catia Cilloniz and Antoni Torres
Diagnostics 2024, 14(8), 859; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14080859 - 22 Apr 2024
Viewed by 389
Abstract
Currently, there are more than 500 million people suffering from diabetes around the world. People aged 65 years or older are the most affected by this disease, and it is estimated that approximately 96% of diabetes cases worldwide are type 2 diabetes. People [...] Read more.
Currently, there are more than 500 million people suffering from diabetes around the world. People aged 65 years or older are the most affected by this disease, and it is estimated that approximately 96% of diabetes cases worldwide are type 2 diabetes. People with diabetes mellitus are at an increased risk of infections such as pneumonia, due to a series of factors that may contribute to immune dysfunction, including hyperglycemia, inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis, impaired cytokine production, phagocytic cell dysfunction, altered T cell-mediated immune responses and the co-existence of chronic comorbidities. Rates of infection, hospitalization and mortality in diabetic patients are reported to be higher than in the general population. Research into the risk of infectious diseases such as pneumonia in these patients is very important because it will help improve their management and treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hyperglycemia in Respiratory Diseases—Impact and Challenges)
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13 pages, 314 KiB  
Review
Hyperglycaemia and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
by Mario Cazzola, Paola Rogliani, Josuel Ora, Luigino Calzetta, Davide Lauro and Maria Gabriella Matera
Diagnostics 2023, 13(21), 3362; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13213362 - 01 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1633
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may coexist with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients with COPD have an increased risk of developing T2DM compared with a control but, on the other side, hyperglycaemia and DM have been associated with reduced predicted levels of [...] Read more.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may coexist with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients with COPD have an increased risk of developing T2DM compared with a control but, on the other side, hyperglycaemia and DM have been associated with reduced predicted levels of lung function. The mechanistic relationships between these two diseases are complicated, multifaceted, and little understood, yet they can impact treatment strategy. The potential risks and benefits for patients with T2DM treated with pulmonary drugs and the potential pulmonary risks and benefits for patients with COPD when taking antidiabetic drugs should always be considered. The interaction between the presence and/or treatment of COPD, risk of infection, presence and/or treatment of T2DM and risk of acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPDs) can be represented as a vicious circle; however, several strategies may help to break this circle. The most effective approach to simultaneously treating T2DM and COPD is to interfere with the shared inflammatory substrate, thus targeting both lung inflammation (COPD) and vascular inflammation (DM). In any case, it is always crucial to establish glycaemic management since the reduction in lung function found in people with diabetes might decrease the threshold for clinical manifestations of COPD. In this article, we examine possible connections between COPD and T2DM as well as pharmacological strategies that could focus on these connections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hyperglycemia in Respiratory Diseases—Impact and Challenges)
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