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Diagnostics
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Abdominal Diseases: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management
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Abdominal Diseases: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 4271

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Bogdan Socea

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Surgery, Sf. Pantelimon Emergency Clinical Hospital Bucharest, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 021659 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: pancreatic cancer; acute pancreatitis; abdominal compartment syndrome; FAST, POCUS and pulmonary ultrasound; colorectal cancer; abdominal wall defects: hernias and incisional hernias
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418; CODEN: DIAGC9) is an international peer-reviewed open access journal on medical diagnosis, published monthly online by MDPI. Diagnostics has a Journal Impact Factor of 3.6 in the Journal Citation Reports, and ranks Q2 among all titles in the 'Medicine, General & Internal' category. I happily accepted being a Guest Editor for the Special Issue “Abdominal Diseases: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management” of this valuable journal, which is planned for the rest of the year of 2023, and I invite all of you to offer your scientific contributions in abdominal surgery.

Abdominal surgical conditions often raise challenging diagnostic, therapeutic and management issues. The surgeon is often faced with difficult decision-making situations, especially in emergency conditions. Imagistic methods are very useful in diagnostic guidance, and are often an important part of image-guided surgery/treatment. Minimally invasive techniques occupy an important aspect, being preferred whenever possible. Laparoscopy is the first choice in most cases. Our defined scope of the topic for this Special Issue is to establish modern management protocols in the diagnosis, treatment and management of abdominal surgical diseases.

Dr. Bogdan Socea
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • abdominal diseases
  • abdominal surgery
  • diagnosis
  • image-guided surgery/treatment
  • minimally invasive techniques
  • laparoscopy

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1154 KiB  
Article
Machine Learning-Based Algorithms for Enhanced Prediction of Local Recurrence and Metastasis in Low Rectal Adenocarcinoma Using Imaging, Surgical, and Pathological Data
by Cristian-Constantin Volovat, Dragos-Viorel Scripcariu, Diana Boboc, Simona-Ruxandra Volovat, Ingrid-Andrada Vasilache, Corina Ursulescu-Lupascu, Liliana Gheorghe, Luiza-Maria Baean, Constantin Volovat and Viorel Scripcariu
Diagnostics 2024, 14(6), 625; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14060625 - 15 Mar 2024
Viewed by 570
Abstract
(1) Background: Numerous variables could influence the risk of rectal cancer recurrence or metastasis, and machine learning (ML)-based algorithms can help us refine the risk stratification process of these patients and choose the best therapeutic approach. The aim of this study was to [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Numerous variables could influence the risk of rectal cancer recurrence or metastasis, and machine learning (ML)-based algorithms can help us refine the risk stratification process of these patients and choose the best therapeutic approach. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive performance of 4 ML-based models for the prediction of local recurrence or distant metastasis in patients with locally advanced low rectal adenocarcinomas who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgical treatment; (2) Methods: Patients who were admitted at the first Oncologic Surgical Clinic from the Regional Institute of Oncology, Iasi, Romania were retrospectively included in this study between November 2019 and July 2023. Decision tree (DT), naïve Bayes (NB), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF) were used to analyze imagistic, surgical, and pathological data retrieved from the medical files, and their predictive performance was assessed; (3) Results: The best predictive performance was achieved by RF when used to predict disease recurrence (accuracy: 90.85%) or distant metastasis (accuracy: 89.63%). RF was closely followed by SVM (accuracy for recurrence 87.8%; accuracy for metastasis: 87.2%) in terms of predictive performance. NB and DT achieved moderate predictive power for the evaluated outcomes; (4) Conclusions: Complex algorithms such as RF and SVM could be useful for improving the prediction of adverse oncological outcomes in patients with low rectal adenocarcinoma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abdominal Diseases: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management)
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12 pages, 266 KiB  
Article
Predictive Factors for Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomies in Acute Cholecystitis
by Paul Lorin Stoica, Dragos Serban, Dan Georgian Bratu, Crenguta Sorina Serboiu, Daniel Ovidiu Costea, Laura Carina Tribus, Catalin Alius, Dan Dumitrescu, Ana Maria Dascalu, Corneliu Tudor, Laurentiu Simion, Mihail Silviu Tudosie, Meda Comandasu, Alexandru Cosmin Popa and Bogdan Mihai Cristea
Diagnostics 2024, 14(3), 346; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14030346 - 05 Feb 2024
Viewed by 935
Abstract
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard treatment in acute cholecystitis. However, one in six cases is expected to be difficult due to intense inflammation and suspected adherence to and involvement of adjacent important structures, which may predispose patients to higher risk of [...] Read more.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard treatment in acute cholecystitis. However, one in six cases is expected to be difficult due to intense inflammation and suspected adherence to and involvement of adjacent important structures, which may predispose patients to higher risk of vascular and biliary injuries. In this study, we aimed to identify the preoperative parameters with predictive value for surgical difficulties. A retrospective study of 255 patients with acute cholecystitis admitted in emergency was performed between 2019 and 2023. Patients in the difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DLC) group experienced more complications compared to the normal LC group (33.3% vs. 15.3%, p < 0.001). Age (p = 0.009), male sex (p = 0.03), diabetes (p = 0.02), delayed presentation (p = 0.03), fever (p = 0.004), and a positive Murphy sign (p = 0.007) were more frequently encountered in the DLC group. Total leukocytes, neutrophils, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly higher in the DLC group (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001 respectively). The Tongyoo score (AUC ROC of 0.856) and a multivariate model based on serum fibrinogen, thickness of the gallbladder wall, and transverse diameter of the gallbladder (AUC ROC of 0.802) showed a superior predictive power when compared to independent parameters. The predictive factors for DLC should be assessed preoperatively to optimize the therapeutic decision. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abdominal Diseases: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management)
12 pages, 6956 KiB  
Article
The MR Imaging of Primary Intrahepatic Lymphoepithelioma-like Cholangiocarcinoma: A Diagnostic Challenge
by Yangyang Liu, Dajing Guo, Xiaojing He, Xi Liu, Weijie Chen, Lingli Chen, Yuan Ji, Mengsu Zeng and Mingliang Wang
Diagnostics 2023, 13(18), 2998; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13182998 - 20 Sep 2023
Viewed by 880
Abstract
Purpose: To characterize the magnetic resonance imaging features of primary intrahepatic lymphoepithelioma-like cholangiocarcinoma (LELCC). Materials and Methods: Thirty-four patients with 38 histologically confirmed LELCCs were enrolled retrospectively from January 2014 to August 2022. We evaluated the clinical features, histologic findings, and imaging manifestations [...] Read more.
Purpose: To characterize the magnetic resonance imaging features of primary intrahepatic lymphoepithelioma-like cholangiocarcinoma (LELCC). Materials and Methods: Thirty-four patients with 38 histologically confirmed LELCCs were enrolled retrospectively from January 2014 to August 2022. We evaluated the clinical features, histologic findings, and imaging manifestations on dynamic enhanced MRI. Results: 74% (25/34) of the cases were associated with EBV infection. Moreover, patients infected with EBV exhibited a lower level of Ki-67 proliferation. The serum CA199 level was elevated in 10 patients. The median tumor diameter was 2.8 cm (range, 1.1–8.7 cm). Most tumors were well-defined with a smooth or lobulated margin and showed peripheral hyperintensity and central hypointensity on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI). T2 hyperintense foci were recognized in 8 patients. In the dynamic enhanced MRI, 21 tumors demonstrated Type A enhancement pattern (rim enhancement), 10 demonstrated Type B (rapid wash-in and wash-out), and seven demonstrated Type C (rapid wash-in without wash-out). Capsular enhancement in PVP or DP was found in 22 tumors. A few patients had satellite lesions, portal vein thrombosis, bile duct dilatation, and distal metastasis. Lymph node metastases were discovered pathologically in 11 patients. Conclusions: MRI findings of LELCC vary and are non-specific. While a majority of LELCCs exhibit typical features of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), unique findings like T2 hyperintense foci or capsular enhancement could suggest LELCC. EBV infection and elevated tumor markers can aid in differentiation. However, given the mimics of some cases of liver hypervascular lesions, histological examination remains essential for definitive diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abdominal Diseases: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management)
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Review

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16 pages, 2850 KiB  
Review
Rare Diaphragmatic Hernias in Adults—Experience of a Tertiary Center in Esophageal Surgery and Narrative Review of the Literature
by Dragos Predescu, Florin Achim, Bogdan Socea, Mihail Constantin Ceaușu and Adrian Constantin
Diagnostics 2024, 14(1), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14010085 - 29 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1004
Abstract
A rare entity of non-hiatal type transdiaphragmatic hernias, which must be clearly differentiated from paraoesophageal hernias, are the phrenic defects that bear the generic name of congenital hernias—Bochdalek hernia and Larey-Morgagni hernia, respectively. The etiological substrate is relatively simple: the presence of preformed [...] Read more.
A rare entity of non-hiatal type transdiaphragmatic hernias, which must be clearly differentiated from paraoesophageal hernias, are the phrenic defects that bear the generic name of congenital hernias—Bochdalek hernia and Larey-Morgagni hernia, respectively. The etiological substrate is relatively simple: the presence of preformed anatomical openings, which either do or do not enable transit from the thoracic region to the abdominal region or, most often, vice versa, from the abdomen to the thorax, of various visceral elements (spleen, liver, stomach, colon, pancreas, etc.). Apart from the congenital origin, a somewhat rarer group is described, representing about 1–7% of the total: an acquired variant of the traumatic type, frequently through a contusive type mechanism, which produces diaphragmatic strains/ruptures. Apparently, the symptomatology is heterogeneous, being dependent on the location of the hernia, the dimensions of the defect, which abdominal viscera is involved through the hernial opening, its degree of migration, and whether there are volvulation/ischemia/obstruction phenomena. Often, its clinical appearance is modest, mainly incidental discoveries, the majority being digestive manifestations. Severe digestive complications such as strangulation, volvus, and perforation are rare and are accompanied by severe shock, suddenly appearing after several non-specific digestive prodromes. Diagnosis combines imaging evaluations (plain radiology, contrast, CT) with endoscopic ones. Surgical treatment is recommended regardless of the side on which the diaphragmatic defect is located or the secondary symptoms due to potential complications. The approach options are thoracic, abdominal or combined thoracoabdominal approach, and classic or minimally invasive. Most often, selection of the type of approach should be made taking into account two elements: the size of the defect, assessed by CT, and the presence of major complications. Any hiatal defect that is larger than 5 cm2 (the hiatal hernia surface (HSA)) has a formal recommendation of mesh reinforcement. The recurrence rate is not negligible, and statistical data show that the period of the first postoperative year is prime for recurrence, being directly proportional to the size of the defect. As a result, in patients who were required to use mesh, the recurrence rate is somewhere between 27 and 41% (!), while for cases with primary suture, i.e., with a modest diaphragmatic defect, this is approx. 4%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abdominal Diseases: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management)
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Other

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4 pages, 10345 KiB  
Interesting Images
Giant Lipoma of the Bauhin’s Valve
by Cosmina Fugărețu and Catalin Misarca
Diagnostics 2024, 14(5), 562; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14050562 - 06 Mar 2024
Viewed by 505
Abstract
Lipomas are benign tumors that can affect the digestive tract, everywhere from the hypopharynx to the rectum. Lipomas affecting the large intestine are the second most common benign tumor, after colon adenoma. We present the case of a 46-year-old patient who was initially [...] Read more.
Lipomas are benign tumors that can affect the digestive tract, everywhere from the hypopharynx to the rectum. Lipomas affecting the large intestine are the second most common benign tumor, after colon adenoma. We present the case of a 46-year-old patient who was initially hospitalized in the Gastroenterology Clinic with a diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding. The colonoscopy raised the suspicion of a malignant tumor of the transverse colon, but the computed tomography scan showed the existence of a lipoma that measured 16/11/12 cm that occupied the ascending and transverse colon, though the CT examination could not determinate the origin of the lipoma. After restoring the hydro-electrolytic and fluid balance of the patient, surgery was performed and a huge lipoma of the ileocecal valve was discovered. Extended right hemicolectomy was performed, with good subsequent postoperative recovery of the patient, who was discharged on the fifth day after the surgery. The peculiarity of this case is the huge size of the benign tumor. Lipomas with digestive system localization, although rare, must be considered in patients arriving at the Emergency Department with digestive hemorrhages, intussusception and even intestinal obstruction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abdominal Diseases: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management)
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