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Diagnostics
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Optical Coherence Tomography in Diagnosis of Ophthalmology Disease
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Optical Coherence Tomography in Diagnosis of Ophthalmology Disease

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2024 | Viewed by 4374

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Figen Batıoğlu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University School of Medicine, 06620 Ankara, Turkey
Interests: optical coherence tomography; retinal diseases; eye diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive depth-resolved imaging modality, which is able to achieve micrometer-scale resolution within biological tissue. It was introduced in 1991 and has become an important tool in the imaging of numerous diseases of the posterior segment. Modern OCT technology has proved useful not only in the diagnostic investigation of these conditions, but also in the monitoring of their clinical course and therapeutic response.

The improvements made in this technology have resulted in an increased scanning speed, axial and transverse resolution, and more effective use of the OCT technology as a component of multimodal imaging tools. Adaptive optics devices have also been integrated with OCT systems since the early 2000s and the combination of these systems has provided the narrowest point-spread function amongst all the in vivo retinal imaging techniques.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to provide articles focused on the importance of OCT in multimodal imaging of retinal diseases, and to raise the readers’ awareness of advances in OCT technology.

Prof. Dr. Figen Batıoğlu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • adaptive optics
  • multimodal imaging
  • optical coherence tomography
  • retinal diseases
  • spectral-domain optical coherence tomography
  • swept-source optical copherence tomography

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1970 KiB  
Article
Cardiac Surgery Patients Have Reduced Vascularity and Structural Defects of the Retina Similar to Persons with Open-Angle Glaucoma
by Gabija Vičaitė, Liveta Barišauskaitė, Viktorija Bakstytė, Brent Siesky, Alice Verticchio Vercellin and Ingrida Janulevičienė
Diagnostics 2024, 14(5), 515; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14050515 - 29 Feb 2024
Viewed by 579
Abstract
(1) Background: Growing evidence suggests impairment of ocular blood flow in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) pathology, but little is known about the effect of an impaired cardiovascular supply on the structural and vascular parameters of the retina. This study aims to investigate the variations [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Growing evidence suggests impairment of ocular blood flow in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) pathology, but little is known about the effect of an impaired cardiovascular supply on the structural and vascular parameters of the retina. This study aims to investigate the variations of these parameters in OAG patients compared to patients undergoing cardiac surgery (CS) with cardiopulmonary bypass. (2) Methods: Prospective observational study with 82 subjects (30 controls, 33 OAG patients, and 19 CS patients) who underwent ophthalmological assessment by swept-source OCT and CDI in one randomly selected eye. (3) Results: In the CS group, OA and SPCA PSV and EDV were significantly lower, OA and SPCA RI were significantly higher compared to the OAG and healthy subjects (p = 0.000–0.013), and SPCA EDV correlated with linear CDR (r = −0.508, p = 0.027). Temporal ONH sectors of GCL++ and GCL+ layers in the CS group did not differ significantly compared to the OAG patients (p = 0.085 and p = 0.220). The CS patients had significantly thinner GCL++ and GCL+ layers in the inner sectors (p = 0.000–0.038) compared to healthy subjects, and these layers correlated with the CRA PSV, EDV, and RI and SPCA PSV (p = 0.005–0.047). (4) Conclusions: CS patients had lower vascular and structural parameters in the ONH, and macula compared to the healthy controls that were similar to persons with OAG. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Coherence Tomography in Diagnosis of Ophthalmology Disease)
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12 pages, 6337 KiB  
Article
Microvascular Changes after Epiretinal Membrane Vitrectomy with Intraoperative Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant: An OCT Angiography Analysis
by Antonio Baldascino, Matteo Mario Carlà, Lorenzo Vielmo, Gloria Gambini, Francesca Carolina Marzano, Fabio Margollicci, Nicola Claudio D’Onofrio and Stanislao Rizzo
Diagnostics 2024, 14(4), 411; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14040411 - 13 Feb 2024
Viewed by 543
Abstract
Background: We aimed to explore microvascular changes evaluated with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients undergoing epiretinal membrane (ERM) pars-plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with intravitreal Ozurdex implantation, compared with standard PPV. (2) Methods: Prospective interventional analysis on 25 eyes undergoing PPV + [...] Read more.
Background: We aimed to explore microvascular changes evaluated with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients undergoing epiretinal membrane (ERM) pars-plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with intravitreal Ozurdex implantation, compared with standard PPV. (2) Methods: Prospective interventional analysis on 25 eyes undergoing PPV + Ozurdex (Group A) and 25 eyes undergoing PPV alone. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCTA parameters, such as vessel density (VD) of the superficial and deep capillary plexi (SCP and DCP) in the whole 6.4 mm × 6.4 mm and fovea area, were evaluated preoperatively and 3 months after surgery. (3) Results: Postoperative BCVA significantly improved in both groups. No cases of post-operative cystoid macular edema (CME) were reported in Group A vs. two eyes in Group B. In Group A we found a statistically significant increase of SCP’s VD in either the whole image (from 42.1 ± 4.1 to 45.6 ± 4.3%, p = 0.01) and the fovea image (from 38.5 ± 7.5 to 41.7 ± 4.2%, p = 0.03). In Group B, we reported no significant variations in the SCP’s VDs. In the DCP, VD significantly increased only in the whole image in Group A. Stage 4 ERMs showed the greatest improvement in VD, especially in Group A. (4) Conclusions: Intraoperative Ozurdex prompted a significant BCVA recovery and limited the occurrence of postoperative CME compared to the standard procedure. Moreover, Ozurdex implant is associated with a better restoration of microvascular structure in SCP and DCP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Coherence Tomography in Diagnosis of Ophthalmology Disease)
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Review

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20 pages, 3717 KiB  
Review
Optical Coherence Tomography in Inherited Macular Dystrophies: A Review
by Alba Gómez-Benlloch, Xavier Garrell-Salat, Estefanía Cobos, Elena López, Anna Esteve-Garcia, Sergi Ruiz, Meritxell Vázquez, Laura Sararols and Marc Biarnés
Diagnostics 2024, 14(9), 878; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14090878 - 24 Apr 2024
Viewed by 208
Abstract
Macular dystrophies (MDs) constitute a collection of hereditary retina disorders leading to notable visual impairment, primarily due to progressive macular atrophy. These conditions are distinguished by bilateral and relatively symmetrical abnormalities in the macula that significantly impair central visual function. Recent strides in [...] Read more.
Macular dystrophies (MDs) constitute a collection of hereditary retina disorders leading to notable visual impairment, primarily due to progressive macular atrophy. These conditions are distinguished by bilateral and relatively symmetrical abnormalities in the macula that significantly impair central visual function. Recent strides in fundus imaging, especially optical coherence tomography (OCT), have enhanced our comprehension and diagnostic capabilities for MD. OCT enables the identification of neurosensory retinal disorganization patterns and the extent of damage to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptor cells in the dystrophies before visible macular pathology appears on fundus examinations. It not only helps us in diagnostic retinal and choroidal pathologies but also guides us in monitoring the progression of, staging of, and response to treatment. In this review, we summarize the key findings on OCT in some of the most common MD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Coherence Tomography in Diagnosis of Ophthalmology Disease)
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16 pages, 17624 KiB  
Review
Clinical Use of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Retinal Diseases
by Figen Batıoğlu, Özge Yanık, Sibel Demirel and Emin Özmert
Diagnostics 2023, 13(10), 1820; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13101820 - 22 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1815
Abstract
The advent of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is one of the cornerstones of fundus imaging. Essentially, its mechanism depends on the visualization of blood vessels by using the flow of erythrocytes as an intrinsic contrast agent. Although it has only recently come [...] Read more.
The advent of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is one of the cornerstones of fundus imaging. Essentially, its mechanism depends on the visualization of blood vessels by using the flow of erythrocytes as an intrinsic contrast agent. Although it has only recently come into clinical use, OCTA has become a non-invasive diagnostic tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of many retinal diseases, and the integration of OCTA in multimodal imaging has provided a better understanding of many retinal disorders. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the current applications of OCTA technology in the diagnosis and follow-up of various retinal disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Coherence Tomography in Diagnosis of Ophthalmology Disease)
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Other

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3 pages, 749 KiB  
Interesting Images
Self-Inflicted Laser-Induced Retinopathy
by Ninel Z. Gregori, Louis Cai and Yasman Moshiri
Diagnostics 2024, 14(4), 361; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14040361 - 07 Feb 2024
Viewed by 500
Abstract
This photo essay details a patient with self-inflicted laser-induced retinal injury progressing to full-thickness macular holes in both eyes. A 40-year-old patient presented after a self-inflicted injury by a handheld class 3 blue laser (450 nm) he purchased on the internet. The patient [...] Read more.
This photo essay details a patient with self-inflicted laser-induced retinal injury progressing to full-thickness macular holes in both eyes. A 40-year-old patient presented after a self-inflicted injury by a handheld class 3 blue laser (450 nm) he purchased on the internet. The patient reported shining the laser through a window, which reflected the beam back into his eyes. Visual acuity was measured at 20/400 in both eyes. The initial fundus photographs revealed vitreous and preretinal hemorrhages in the right eye, and multiple yellow-white fresh laser burns in the macula of the left eye. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed preretinal hemorrhage in the right eye and retinal disruption with preretinal hyper-reflective lesion in the left eye. After one month, his vision deteriorated to finger counting in each eye. He developed a full-thickness macular hole and hyperfluorescent curvilinear streaks in the superior maculae in both eyes. OCT images showed retinal pigment epithelium clumping and outer retinal atrophy in curvilinear streak areas in both eyes, which point to self-inflicted injury. This case illustrates laser-pointer-induced retinopathy and reinforces the necessity of public education on the dangers of utilizing handheld lasers without eye protection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Coherence Tomography in Diagnosis of Ophthalmology Disease)
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