Research

14 pages, 3888 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Correlation between Histopathological Prognostic Tumor Characteristics and [¹⁸F]FDG Uptake in Corresponding Metastases in Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Breast Cancer

by Jorianne Boers, Bertha Eisses, Mieke C. Zwager, Jasper J. L. van Geel, Frederike Bensch, Erik F. J. de Vries, Geke A. P. Hospers, Andor W. J. M. Glaudemans, Adrienne H. Brouwers, Martijn A. M. den Dekker, Sjoerd G. Elias, Evelien J. M. Kuip, Carla M. L. van Herpen, Agnes Jager, Astrid A. M. van der Veldt, Daniela E. Oprea-Lager, Elisabeth G. E. de Vries, Bert van der Vegt, Willemien C. Menke-van der Houven van Oordt and Carolina P. Schröder

Diagnostics 2024, 14(4), 416; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14040416 - 14 Feb 2024

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Abstract

Background: In metastatic breast cancer (MBC), [¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([¹⁸F]FDG-PET/CT) can be used for staging. We evaluated the correlation between BC histopathological characteristics and [¹⁸F]FDG uptake in corresponding metastases. Patients and Methods: Patients with non-rapidly [...] Read more.

Background: In metastatic breast cancer (MBC), [¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([¹⁸F]FDG-PET/CT) can be used for staging. We evaluated the correlation between BC histopathological characteristics and [¹⁸F]FDG uptake in corresponding metastases. Patients and Methods: Patients with non-rapidly progressive MBC of all subtypes prospectively underwent a baseline histological metastasis biopsy and [¹⁸F]FDG-PET. Biopsies were assessed for estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ER, PR, HER2); Ki-67; and histological subtype. [¹⁸F]FDG uptake was expressed as maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max) and results were expressed as geometric means. Results: Of 200 patients, 188 had evaluable metastasis biopsies, and 182 of these contained tumor. HER2 positivity and Ki-67 ≥ 20% were correlated with higher [¹⁸F]FDG uptake (estimated geometric mean SUV_max 10.0 and 8.8, respectively; p = 0.0064 and p = 0.014). [¹⁸F]FDG uptake was lowest in ER-positive/HER2-negative BC and highest in HER2-positive BC (geometric mean SUV_max 6.8 and 10.0, respectively; p = 0.0058). Although [¹⁸F]FDG uptake was lower in invasive lobular carcinoma (n = 31) than invasive carcinoma NST (n = 146) (estimated geometric mean SUV_max 5.8 versus 7.8; p = 0.014), the metastasis detection rate was similar. Conclusions: [¹⁸F]FDG-PET is a powerful tool to detect metastases, including invasive lobular carcinoma. Although BC histopathological characteristics are related to [¹⁸F]FDG uptake, [¹⁸F]FDG-PET and biopsy remain complementary in MBC staging (NCT01957332). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 18F-FDG PET/CT: Current and Future Clinical Applications)

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11 pages, 988 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Use of [¹⁸F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography after Curative Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Nationwide Cohort Study

by Kasper Foged Guldbrandsen, Liza Sopina, Torben Riis Rasmussen and Barbara Malene Fischer

Diagnostics 2024, 14(2), 233; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14020233 - 22 Jan 2024

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Abstract

[¹⁸F]Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT) is a valuable imaging tool in the post-treatment management of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to investigate the trends in utilization and factors associated with the use of [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT after curative-intent treatment. Data [...] Read more.

[¹⁸F]Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT) is a valuable imaging tool in the post-treatment management of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to investigate the trends in utilization and factors associated with the use of [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT after curative-intent treatment. Data from 13,758 NSCLC patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2020 identified in the Danish Lung Cancer Registry, who underwent curative-intent treatment, were analyzed using multivariable regression. The results showed a significant increase in the use of [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT scans, from 10.4 per 100 patients per year in 2007 to 39.6 in 2013, followed by a period of stability. Higher utilization rates were observed in patients who received radiotherapy (22% increase compared to surgical resection) and in patients with stage II–III disease (14% and 20% increase compared to stage I, respectively). Additionally, utilization was increased when other diagnostic procedures were performed, such as MRI, ultrasound, endoscopy, and biopsy. These findings highlight an increasing reliance on [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT in post-treatment NSCLC, especially after radiotherapy and in patients with locally advanced disease, where treatment-induced radiographic changes and an increased risk of recurrence present a significant diagnostic challenge. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 18F-FDG PET/CT: Current and Future Clinical Applications)

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11 pages, 1363 KiB

Open AccessArticle

FDG PET/CT and Endoscopic Ultrasound for Preoperative T-Staging of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

by Yung-Cheng Huang, Nan-Tsing Chiu, Hung-I Lu, Yi-Chun Chiu, Chien-Chin Hsu, Yu-Ming Wang and Shau-Hsuan Li

Diagnostics 2023, 13(19), 3083; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13193083 - 28 Sep 2023

Viewed by 741

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performances of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and FDG PET/CT in the preoperative T-staging of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and determine whether their innovative coordination achieves better prediction. In total, 100 patients diagnosed with ESCC, 57 without [...] Read more.

This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performances of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and FDG PET/CT in the preoperative T-staging of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and determine whether their innovative coordination achieves better prediction. In total, 100 patients diagnosed with ESCC, 57 without (CRT^[−]sub) and 43 with (CRT^[+]sub) neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, undergoing EUS and FDG PET/CT, followed by surgical resection of the tumor, were included in this analysis. EUS classified T-stages based on the depth of primary tumor invasion, and FDG PET/CT used thresholded maximal standardized uptake value (SUV_max) classifications. By employing pathology results as the reference standard, we assessed the accuracy of EUS and FDG PET/CT, evaluated their concordance using the κ statistic, and conducted a comparative analysis between the two modalities through McNemar’s chi-square test. FDG PET/CT had higher overall accuracy than EUS (for CRT^[−]sub: 71.9%, κ = 0.56 vs. 56.1%, κ = 0.31, p = 0.06; for CRT^[+]sub: 65.1%, κ = 0.50 vs. 18.6%, κ = 0.05, p < 0.01) in predicting pT- and ypT-stage. Our proposed method of incorporating both FDG PET/CT and EUS information could achieve higher accuracies in differentiating between early and locally advanced disease in the CRT^[−]sub group (82.5%) and determining residual viable tumor in the CRT^[+]sub group (83.7%) than FDG PET/CT or EUS alone. FDG PET/CT had a better diagnostic ability than EUS to predict the (y)pT-stage of ESCC. Our complementary method, which combines the advantages of both imaging modalities, can deliver higher accuracy for clinical applications of ESCC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 18F-FDG PET/CT: Current and Future Clinical Applications)

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10 pages, 1452 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prognostic Value of FDG PET/CT in Patients with Nodal Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma

by Woo Hee Choi, Eun Ji Han, Joo Hyun O, Eun Kyoung Choi, Joon-Il Choi, Gyeongsin Park, Byung-Ock Choi, Young-Woo Jeon, Gi-June Min and Seok-Goo Cho

Diagnostics 2023, 13(17), 2834; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13172834 - 01 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 831

Abstract

This study evaluated the prognostic significance of FDG PET/CT in patients with nodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). We retrospectively reviewed patients with histologically confirmed nodal PTCL who underwent FDG PET/CT at baseline, after three cycles of first-line chemotherapy (interim), and at the end [...] Read more.

This study evaluated the prognostic significance of FDG PET/CT in patients with nodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). We retrospectively reviewed patients with histologically confirmed nodal PTCL who underwent FDG PET/CT at baseline, after three cycles of first-line chemotherapy (interim), and at the end of therapy. Response was assessed visually using the Deauville 5-point scale (D5PS); scores of 1, 2, and 3 were considered PET-negative, and scores of 4 and 5 were considered PET-positive. The associations between FDG PET/CT findings and survival were assessed using Cox regression analysis. A total of 79 patients (44 males and 35 females; median age 56 years) were included in this study. In response assessment, 17 (22%) had an interim PET-positive result and 10 (13%) had an end-of-therapy PET-positive result. During a median follow-up of 50 months, 37 patients (47%) presented with disease progression and 30 patients (38%) died. The estimated 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 57% and 64%, respectively. An interim PET-positive result was the only significant indicator of PFS. Higher International Prognostic Index and end-of-therapy PET-positive result were significant independent prognostic factors of OS. Interim and end-of-therapy FDG PET/CT responses based on D5PS are meaningful in predicting the outcomes of patients with nodal PTCL. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 18F-FDG PET/CT: Current and Future Clinical Applications)

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11 pages, 1619 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Is Prone Position [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT Useful in Reducing Respiratory Motion Artifacts in Evaluating Hepatic Lesions?

by Chung Won Lee, Hye Joo Son, Ji Young Woo and Suk Hyun Lee

Diagnostics 2023, 13(15), 2539; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13152539 - 31 Jul 2023

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Abstract

Prone position is useful in reducing respiratory motion artifacts in lung nodules on 2-Deoxy-2-[¹⁸F] fluoro-D-glucose ([¹⁸F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). However, whether prone position PET/CT is useful in evaluating hepatic lesions is unknown. Thirty-five hepatic lesions from 20 [...] Read more.

Prone position is useful in reducing respiratory motion artifacts in lung nodules on 2-Deoxy-2-[¹⁸F] fluoro-D-glucose ([¹⁸F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). However, whether prone position PET/CT is useful in evaluating hepatic lesions is unknown. Thirty-five hepatic lesions from 20 consecutive patients were evaluated. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) of both standard supine position PET/CT and additional prone position PET/CT were evaluated. No significant difference in SUV_max (4.41 ± 2.0 vs. 4.23 ± 1.83; p = 0.240) and MTV (5.83 ± 6.69 vs. 5.95 ± 6.24; p = 0.672) was observed between supine position PET/CT and prone position PET/CT. However, SUV_max changes in prone position PET/CT varied compared with those in supine position PET/CT (median, −4%; range: −30–71%). Prone position PET/CT was helpful when [¹⁸F]FDG uptake of the hepatic lesions was located outside the liver on supine position PET/CT (n = 4, SUV_max change: median 15%; range: 7–71%) and there was more severe blurring on supine position PET/CT (n = 6, SUV_max change: median 11%; range: −3–32%). Unlike in lung nodules, prone position PET/CT is not always useful in evaluating hepatic lesions, but it may be helpful in individual cases such as hepatic dome lesions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 18F-FDG PET/CT: Current and Future Clinical Applications)

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14 pages, 2354 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimized 18F-FDG PET-CT Method to Improve Accuracy of Diagnosis of Metastatic Cancer

by Richard Black, Jelle Barentsz, David Howell, David G. Bostwick and Stephen B. Strum

Diagnostics 2023, 13(9), 1580; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13091580 - 28 Apr 2023

Viewed by 1318

Abstract

The diagnosis of cancer by FDG PET-CT is often inaccurate owing to subjectivity of interpretation. We compared the accuracy of a novel normalized (standardized) method of interpretation with conventional non-normalized SUV. Patients (n = 393) with various malignancies were studied with FDG [...] Read more.

The diagnosis of cancer by FDG PET-CT is often inaccurate owing to subjectivity of interpretation. We compared the accuracy of a novel normalized (standardized) method of interpretation with conventional non-normalized SUV. Patients (n = 393) with various malignancies were studied with FDG PET/CT to determine the presence or absence of cancer. Target lesions were assessed by two methods: (1) conventional SUV_max (conSUV_max) and (2) a novel method that combined multiple factors to optimize SUV (optSUVmax), including the patient’s normal liver SUV_max, a liver constant (k) derived from a review of the literature, and use of site-specific thresholds for malignancy. The two methods were compared to pathology findings in 154 patients being evaluated for mediastinal and/or hilar lymph node (MHLNs) metastases, 143 evaluated for extra-thoracic lymph node (ETLNs) metastases, and 96 evaluated for liver metastases. OptSUV_max was superior to conSUV_max for all patient groups. For MHLNs, sensitivity was 83.8% vs. 80.7% and specificity 88.7% vs. 9.6%, respectively; for ETLNs, sensitivity was 92.1% vs. 77.8% and specificity 80.1% vs. 27.6%, respectively; and for lesions in the liver parenchyma, sensitivity was 96.1% vs. 82.3% and specificity 88.8% vs. 23.0%, respectively. Optimized SUV_max increased diagnostic accuracy of FDG PET-CT for cancer when compared with conventional SUV_max interpretation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 18F-FDG PET/CT: Current and Future Clinical Applications)

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Review

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12 pages, 1009 KiB

Open AccessReview

Best Practices in Nuclear Imaging for the Diagnosis of Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) in KSA: The Eagle Eyes of Local Experts

by Abdullah Alqarni, Ahmed Aljizeeri, Aquib Mohammadidrees Bakhsh, Hossam Ahmed Maher El-Zeftawy, Hussein R. Farghaly, Mukhtar Ahmed M. Alqadhi, Mushref Algarni, Zain Mohammed Asiri, Ahmed Osman, Haya Haddadin, Islam Alayary and Mouaz H. Al-Mallah

Diagnostics 2024, 14(2), 212; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14020212 - 18 Jan 2024

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Abstract

Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a complex and serious form of heart failure caused by the accumulation of transthyretin amyloid protein in the heart muscle. Variable symptoms of ATTR-CM can lead to a delayed diagnosis. Recognizing the diagnostic indicators is crucial to promptly [...] Read more.

Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a complex and serious form of heart failure caused by the accumulation of transthyretin amyloid protein in the heart muscle. Variable symptoms of ATTR-CM can lead to a delayed diagnosis. Recognizing the diagnostic indicators is crucial to promptly detect this condition. A targeted literature review was conducted to examine the latest international consensus recommendations on a comprehensive diagnosis of ATTR-CM. Additionally, a panel consisting of nuclear medicine expert consultants (n = 10) and nuclear imaging technicians (n = 2) convened virtually from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) to formulate best practices for ATTR-CM diagnosis. The panel reached a consensus on a standard diagnostic pathway for ATTR-CM, which commences by evaluating the presence of clinical red flags and initiating a cardiac workup to assess the patient’s echocardiogram. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging may be needed, in uncertain cases. When there is a high suspicion of ATTR-CM, patients undergo nuclear scintigraphy and hematologic tests to rule out primary or light-chain amyloidosis. The expert panel emphasized that implementing best practices will support healthcare professionals in KSA to improve their ability to detect and diagnose ATTR-CM more accurately and promptly. Diagnosing ATTR-CM accurately and early can reduce morbidity and mortality rates through appropriate treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 18F-FDG PET/CT: Current and Future Clinical Applications)

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6 pages, 2378 KiB

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Aortic Angiosarcoma Manifesting as Multiple Musculoskeletal Metastases: A Case Report

by Won Jong Bahk, Sae Jung Na, In Yong Whang, Yongju Kim and Kyung Jin Seo

Diagnostics 2024, 14(8), 805; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14080805 - 11 Apr 2024

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Abstract

Aortic angiosarcomas are rare. Due to its rarity and metastatic presentation, it is difficult to diagnose metastatic aortic angiosarcoma. We describe the clinicopathological and radiologic features of a metastatic aortic angiosarcoma presenting as musculoskeletal metastases. A 59-year-old male patient presented with left thigh [...] Read more.

Aortic angiosarcomas are rare. Due to its rarity and metastatic presentation, it is difficult to diagnose metastatic aortic angiosarcoma. We describe the clinicopathological and radiologic features of a metastatic aortic angiosarcoma presenting as musculoskeletal metastases. A 59-year-old male patient presented with left thigh pain. Plain radiographs revealed multifocal osteolytic lesions in the left femur shaft. Abdominopelvic computed tomography showed a lobulated osteolytic lesion in the left iliac bone. Magnetic resonance images revealed multifocal soft tissue lesions in the thigh musculature. A positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan demonstrated multiple foci of increased uptake in the left femur bone, pelvis, left thigh, and calf musculature. Focal increased uptake in the lower abdominal aorta was newly detected. Pelvis biopsy showed tumor cell nests of epithelioid cells. The tumor cells showed vasoformative features. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed positivity for vimentin, CD31, and ERG. The pathologic diagnosis of epithelioid angiosarcoma was established. The origin of the tumor was presumed to be the aorta. This case underscores the importance of PET scans in identifying primary lesions. In terms of the histopathologic diagnosis of biopsy samples with tumor cells exhibiting epithelioid neoplastic morphology, employing appropriate ancillary techniques such as immunocytochemistry with vascular markers may assist in accurately diagnosing metastatic angiosarcoma. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 18F-FDG PET/CT: Current and Future Clinical Applications)

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7 pages, 2342 KiB

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Comparison of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI in Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma

by Zhihui Shen and Ruimin Wang

Diagnostics 2023, 13(18), 3006; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13183006 - 20 Sep 2023

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Abstract

We report a rare case of spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma. Sarcomas generally exhibit an abnormal increased FDG uptake on ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging, while spindle cell rhabdosarcomas exhibits a significantly increased lesion uptake on ⁶⁸Ga FAPI PET/CT imaging compared to ¹⁸F-FDG. This [...] Read more.

We report a rare case of spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma. Sarcomas generally exhibit an abnormal increased FDG uptake on ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging, while spindle cell rhabdosarcomas exhibits a significantly increased lesion uptake on ⁶⁸Ga FAPI PET/CT imaging compared to ¹⁸F-FDG. This case suggests that ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI PET/CT has potential value in evaluating spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 18F-FDG PET/CT: Current and Future Clinical Applications)

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4 pages, 1571 KiB

Open AccessInteresting Images

The Fast Growth and Quick Spread of Synchronous Tumors

by Li-Yu Chen, Yu-Hung Chen and Yen-Kung Chen

Diagnostics 2023, 13(16), 2706; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13162706 - 19 Aug 2023

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Abstract

A 47-year-old man was diagnosed with left buccal squamous cell carcinoma using FDG PET/CT, by which focal lesions in the left buccal and left neck lymph node were found. Three months after the operation, CT images revealed a left lower lung lesion. Pathology [...] Read more.

A 47-year-old man was diagnosed with left buccal squamous cell carcinoma using FDG PET/CT, by which focal lesions in the left buccal and left neck lymph node were found. Three months after the operation, CT images revealed a left lower lung lesion. Pathology indicated a left lower lung adenocarcinoma. Second FDG PET/CT was performed more than 11 days later, and lesions with intense FDG uptake were found in the left lower lung, metastatic to the lymph nodes, lungs, bones, and liver. The prior FDG PET/CT scan showed negative findings in the lungs. However, lung cancer with multiple metastases appeared 4 months later. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 18F-FDG PET/CT: Current and Future Clinical Applications)

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3 pages, 1317 KiB

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Cardiac Metastasis of Malignant Melanoma Detected by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT

by Hongzhe Zhang and Yaping Luo

Diagnostics 2023, 13(13), 2234; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13132234 - 30 Jun 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 899

Abstract

A 63-year-old man with a history of right plantar malignant melanoma (T3bN0M0, IIb) developed multiple metastases in bilateral lungs 19 months after surgery. Subsequent ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT revealed multiple pulmonary metastases with intense FDG uptake and detected a hypermetabolic lesion in the lateral [...] Read more.

A 63-year-old man with a history of right plantar malignant melanoma (T3bN0M0, IIb) developed multiple metastases in bilateral lungs 19 months after surgery. Subsequent ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT revealed multiple pulmonary metastases with intense FDG uptake and detected a hypermetabolic lesion in the lateral wall of the left ventricle, which was considered to be a cardiac metastasis of malignant melanoma. This lesion was later confirmed in the dynamic myocardial perfusion MR. This case demonstrates the effectiveness of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in detecting occult cardiac metastases of malignant melanoma. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 18F-FDG PET/CT: Current and Future Clinical Applications)

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7 pages, 1638 KiB

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Dynamic and Static ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT Imaging in SMARCA4-Deficient Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Response to Therapy: A Case Report

by Xieraili Wumener, Xiaoxing Ye, Yarong Zhang, Shi Jin and Ying Liang

Diagnostics 2023, 13(12), 2048; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13122048 - 13 Jun 2023

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SMARCA4-deficient non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a more recently recognized subset of NSCLC. We describe the ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT findings in a rare case of SMARCA4-deficient NSCLC and response to therapy. A 45-year-old male patient with a history of heavy smoking [...] Read more.

SMARCA4-deficient non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a more recently recognized subset of NSCLC. We describe the ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT findings in a rare case of SMARCA4-deficient NSCLC and response to therapy. A 45-year-old male patient with a history of heavy smoking (10 years) underwent an ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT dynamic (chest) + static (whole-body) scan for diagnosis and pre-treatment staging. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT showed an FDG-avid mass in the upper lobe of the left lung (SUV_max of 22.4) and FDG-avid lymph nodes (LN) in the left pulmonary hilar region (SUV_max of 5.7). In addition, there were multiple metastases throughout the body, including in the distant LNs, adrenal glands, bone, left subcutaneous lumbar region, and brain. Pathological findings confirmed SMARCA4-deficient NSCLC. After four cycles of chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), the patient underwent again an ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scan (including a dynamic scan) for efficacy evaluation. We report a case that deepens the understanding of the ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT presentation of SMARCA4-deficient NSCLC as well as dynamic imaging features and parametric characteristics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 18F-FDG PET/CT: Current and Future Clinical Applications)

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