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Diagnostics
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Advanced Role of Optical Coherence Tomography in Clinical Medicine
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Advanced Role of Optical Coherence Tomography in Clinical Medicine

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2024 | Viewed by 4193

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Pavel A. Shilyagin

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Guest Editor
Department of Nanooptics, IInstitute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Interests: optical coherence tomography; optics; OCT develpoment; medical Imaging
Dr. Elena B. Kiseleva

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia
Interests: optical imaging of biotissues; multimodal optical coherence tomography; polarization and nonlinear microscopy; FLIM imaging; intestinal ischemia urethral pain syndrome; cancer detection; collagen
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ekaterina Vladimirovna Gubarkova

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Guest Editor
Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Interests: optical coherence tomography; multimodal OCT; optical coherence angiography; optical coherence elastography; breast cancer

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This year, the optical coherence tomography (OCT) community celebrates the 30th anniversary of the first in vivo OCT image of human retina. Over the past three decades, OCT has reached significant heights in ophthalmology, where it has rightfully obtained the status of the "gold standard" of diagnostics.

However, other branches of clinical diagnostics have also received significant attention, with daily publications on non-ophthalmological applications, and OCT implementation in these branches allows for unique, and sometimes sensational, results to be obtained. Various functional extensions of this technology (such as OCT angiography, polarization sensitive OCT, and OCT elastography) have been developed, and various approaches to their analysis have been proposed, from digitally staining OCT scans to obtain images similar to stained histological slices to utilizing machine learning to perform delineation of pathological and normal tissue areas.

In this Special Issue of the journal Diagnostics, we aim to collect research opening up a new chapter in the diagnosis of primarily non-ophthalmic pathologies, as well as going beyond the usual and routine diagnostics, establishing new facets of knowledge about the structure and functions of biological tissues.

We welcome works dedicated to:

  • The use of OCT as the main or an additional method for diagnosing various pathologies;
  • The description of the capabilities of OCT-based complexes and systems combined with OCT in real diagnostic practice, especially if this allows the authors to obtain results that could significantly change existing diagnostic approaches in the field of application;
  • The formation of new knowledge about the structure and functioning of normal and pathologically altered biological tissues;
  • The development of additional modalities of OCT and the devices themselves intended for specialized and, especially, differential diagnostics and their testing in clinical conditions.

Dr. Pavel A. Shilyagin
Dr. Elena B. Kiseleva
Dr. Ekaterina Vladimirovna Gubarkova
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 12117 KiB  
Article
Changes in Outcomes of Macular Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Following Surgery for Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy
by Melih Akıdan, Muhammet Kazım Erol, Birumut Gedik, Mehmet Erkan Doğan, Ibrahim Başol and Elçin Süren
Diagnostics 2024, 14(9), 874; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14090874 - 23 Apr 2024
Viewed by 238
Abstract
Purpose: we aimed to report on the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) outcomes of eight patients with optic disc pit maculopathy (ODP-M) who were treated with 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Methods: We examined sixteen eyes of eight patients—eight eyes with ODP-M and [...] Read more.
Purpose: we aimed to report on the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) outcomes of eight patients with optic disc pit maculopathy (ODP-M) who were treated with 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Methods: We examined sixteen eyes of eight patients—eight eyes with ODP-M and eight healthy fellow eyes. Fundus color photography, fundus autofluorescence, fundus fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCTA were performed. The vascular density, choriocapillaris blood flow (CCBF), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were analyzed using OCTA. Moreover, the correlation between the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and macular OCTA parameters was assessed. Results: Compared with the healthy fellow eyes, the eyes with ODP-M preoperatively were found to have decreased BCVA, superficial capillary plexus (SCP) vascular density (i.e., total, foveal, parafoveal, and perifoveal), deep capillary plexus (DCP) vascular density (i.e., total, parafoveal, and perifoveal), and CCBF but a significantly increased FAZ (p < 0.05). When the eyes with ODP-M were analyzed pre- and postoperatively at month 12 after surgery, the BCVA, SCP vascular density (i.e., perifoveal), and CCBF had significantly increased, and the FAZ had significantly decreased (p < 0.05). When the eyes with ODP-M were compared with the healthy fellow eyes postoperatively at month 12, the BCVA, SCP, and DCP vascular density parameters had increased, along with CCBF, and the FAZ had decreased in eyes with ODP-M, though not to the levels of the healthy fellow eyes (p < 0.05). Moreover, a positive correlation was found between the postoperative BCVA and SCP total vascular density (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The BCVA and macular OCTA parameters improved in eyes with ODP-M at month 12 following surgery. However, the BCVA and OCTA of the eyes operated on did not reach the levels of the healthy fellow eyes, possibly due to impaired choroidal blood flow (CBF) recovery and the presence of a larger FAZ. In summary, OCTA seems to be useful for assessing qualitative and quantitative perioperative microvascular changes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Role of Optical Coherence Tomography in Clinical Medicine)
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20 pages, 14378 KiB  
Article
Multimodal Method for Differentiating Various Clinical Forms of Basal Cell Carcinoma and Benign Neoplasms In Vivo
by Yuriy I. Surkov, Isabella A. Serebryakova, Yana K. Kuzinova, Olga M. Konopatskova, Dmitriy V. Safronov, Sergey V. Kapralov, Elina A. Genina and Valery V. Tuchin
Diagnostics 2024, 14(2), 202; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14020202 - 17 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1077
Abstract
Correct classification of skin lesions is a key step in skin cancer screening, which requires high accuracy and interpretability. This paper proposes a multimodal method for differentiating various clinical forms of basal cell carcinoma and benign neoplasms that includes machine learning. This study [...] Read more.
Correct classification of skin lesions is a key step in skin cancer screening, which requires high accuracy and interpretability. This paper proposes a multimodal method for differentiating various clinical forms of basal cell carcinoma and benign neoplasms that includes machine learning. This study was conducted on 37 neoplasms, including benign neoplasms and five different clinical forms of basal cell carcinoma. The proposed multimodal screening method combines diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography and high-frequency ultrasound. Using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, the coefficients of melanin pigmentation, erythema, hemoglobin content, and the slope coefficient of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the wavelength range 650–800 nm were determined. Statistical texture analysis of optical coherence tomography images was used to calculate first- and second-order statistical parameters. The analysis of ultrasound images assessed the shape of the tumor according to parameters such as area, perimeter, roundness and other characteristics. Based on the calculated parameters, a machine learning algorithm was developed to differentiate the various clinical forms of basal cell carcinoma. The proposed algorithm for classifying various forms of basal cell carcinoma and benign neoplasms provided a sensitivity of 70.6 ± 17.3%, specificity of 95.9 ± 2.5%, precision of 72.6 ± 14.2%, F1 score of 71.5 ± 15.6% and mean intersection over union of 57.6 ± 20.1%. Moreover, for differentiating basal cell carcinoma and benign neoplasms without taking into account the clinical form, the method achieved a sensitivity of 89.1 ± 8.0%, specificity of 95.1 ± 0.7%, F1 score of 89.3 ± 3.4% and mean intersection over union of 82.6 ± 10.8%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Role of Optical Coherence Tomography in Clinical Medicine)
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17 pages, 2149 KiB  
Article
Depth-Resolved Attenuation Mapping of the Vaginal Wall under Prolapse and after Laser Treatment Using Cross-Polarization Optical Coherence Tomography: A Pilot Study
by Ekaterina Gubarkova, Arseniy Potapov, Alexander Moiseev, Elena Kiseleva, Darya Krupinova, Ksenia Shatilova, Maria Karabut, Andrey Khlopkov, Maria Loginova, Stefka Radenska-Lopovok, Grigory Gelikonov, Gennady Grechkanev, Natalia Gladkova and Marina Sirotkina
Diagnostics 2023, 13(22), 3487; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13223487 - 20 Nov 2023
Viewed by 919
Abstract
Vaginal wall prolapse is the most common type of pelvic organ prolapse and is mainly associated with collagen bundle changes in the lamina propria. Neodymium (Nd:YAG) laser treatment was used as an innovative, minimally invasive and non-ablative procedure for the treatment of early-stage [...] Read more.
Vaginal wall prolapse is the most common type of pelvic organ prolapse and is mainly associated with collagen bundle changes in the lamina propria. Neodymium (Nd:YAG) laser treatment was used as an innovative, minimally invasive and non-ablative procedure for the treatment of early-stage vaginal wall prolapse. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess connective tissue changes in the vaginal wall under prolapse without treatment and after Nd:YAG laser treatment using cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP OCT) with depth-resolved attenuation mapping. A total of 26 freshly excised samples of vaginal wall from 26 patients with age norm (n = 8), stage I–II prolapses without treatment (n = 8) and stage I–II prolapse 1–2 months after Nd:YAG laser treatment (n = 10) were assessed. As a result, for the first time, depth-resolved attenuation maps of the vaginal wall in the B-scan projection in the co- and cross-polarization channels were constructed. Two parameters within the lamina propria were target calculated: the median value and the percentages of high (≥4 mm−1) and low (<4 mm−1) attenuation coefficient values. A significant (p < 0.0001) decrease in the parameters in the case of vaginal wall prolapse compared to the age norm was identified. After laser treatment, a significant (p < 0.0001) increase in the parameters compared to the normal level was also observed. Notably, in the cross-channel, both parameters showed a greater difference between the groups than in the co-channel. Therefore, using the cross-channel achieved more reliable differentiation between the groups. To conclude, attenuation coefficient maps allow visualization and quantification of changes in the condition of the connective tissue of the vaginal wall. In the future, CP OCT could be used for in vivo detection of early-stage vaginal wall prolapse and for monitoring the effectiveness of treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Role of Optical Coherence Tomography in Clinical Medicine)
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17 pages, 3416 KiB  
Article
Retinal and Choroidal Changes Following Implantable Collamer Lens V4c Implantation in High Myopia Patients—A 1-Year Follow-Up Study
by Qiaoling Wei, Xianjin Zhou, Weiteng Chang, Rui Jiang, Xingtao Zhou and Zhiqiang Yu
Diagnostics 2023, 13(19), 3097; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13193097 - 29 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 906
Abstract
This prospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of Visian Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) V4c implantation on retinal and choroidal morphology in patients with high myopia. A total of 97 eyes from 52 high myopic patients who underwent ICL V4c implantation were followed [...] Read more.
This prospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of Visian Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) V4c implantation on retinal and choroidal morphology in patients with high myopia. A total of 97 eyes from 52 high myopic patients who underwent ICL V4c implantation were followed up for 12 months. Preoperative and postoperative evaluations included comprehensive ophthalmic assessments and enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) to analyze changes in central retinal thickness (CRT), retinal volume (CRV), choroidal thickness (ChT), total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA), and choroidal vascular index (CVI). Repeated measures mixed-effects models were used for comparing pre- and postoperative measurement variables and exploring relationships among age, axial length (AL), spherical equivalent refraction (SER), and postoperative retinal and choroidal changes, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Follow-up assessments were conducted at various time points, with participation rates ranging from 21% to 98%. Baseline characteristics showed a median age of 26.7 years, −10.14 diopters of SER, and an AL of 27.44 mm. Throughout the 12-month follow-up, CRT and 3.0 mm CRV consistently increased compared to the baseline, with statistically significant rises observed at postoperative day 1, week 1, and month 12. Most ChT measurements, including subfoveal ChT, declined over the 12 months, except at postoperative 6 months. Horizontal and vertical TCA and LA values significantly increased throughout the follow-up, except for month 6. After surgery, both horizontal and vertical CVI parameters exhibited an increase compared to the baseline, with some changes reaching statistical significance. Correlation analysis performed by repeated measures mixed-effects models showed that no relationship was found between age, AL, and SER and changes in postoperative retinal parameters and CVI parameters. However, postoperative changes in ChT and choroidal area parameters showed a negative correlation with AL and a positive correlation with SER. Our research demonstrated that ICL V4c implantation resulted in noteworthy alterations in retinal and choroidal morphology over a 1-year follow-up period. Moreover, in patients with high myopia, individuals with longer AL and higher degrees of myopia exhibited more pronounced postoperative changes in the choroid and retina. Further studies with extended follow-up durations are necessary to comprehensively understand the long-term effects of ICL implantation on retinal and choroidal morphology and function. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Role of Optical Coherence Tomography in Clinical Medicine)
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11 pages, 1764 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Optic Disc, Retinal Vascular Structures, and Acircularity Index in Patients with Idiopathic Macular Telangiectasia Type 2
by Muhammet Kazim Erol, Birumut Gedik, Yigit Caglar Bozdogan, Rojbin Ekinci, Mehmet Bulut, Berna Dogan, Elcin Suren and Melih Akidan
Diagnostics 2023, 13(19), 3046; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13193046 - 25 Sep 2023
Viewed by 602
Abstract
Background: We aimed to compare the retinal, optic disc vascular density (ODVD) values, and acircularity index (AI) of patients with idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 2 (IMT) and healthy individuals using the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) device. Methods: The study included 39 patients [...] Read more.
Background: We aimed to compare the retinal, optic disc vascular density (ODVD) values, and acircularity index (AI) of patients with idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 2 (IMT) and healthy individuals using the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) device. Methods: The study included 39 patients with IMT and 37 healthy controls. The OCTA findings of the patients and controls were examined. Results: The total, parafoveal and perifoveal vascular density of the superficial capillary plexus, choriocapillaris blood flow, inside-disc ODVD, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and retinal thicknesses were found to be statistically significantly lower, and the foveal avascular zone value was statistically significantly higher in the IMT group compared to the control group (p = 0.001, p = 0.01, p = 0.02, p = 0.01, p = 0.009, p = 0.002, p = 0.02, respectively). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and AI (p = 0.02), and a statistically significant positive correlation between peripapillary vascular density and BCVA (p = 0.04). Conclusions: We consider that the lower retinal, choriocapillaris, ODVD values, and retinal and RNFL thicknesses in the patients with IMT compared to the controls were due to vascular damage, remodeling, fibrosis, proliferation, and Müller cell damage. Ellipsoid zone defect, AI, and peripapillary vascular density are important indicators in the evaluation of visual acuity in these patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Role of Optical Coherence Tomography in Clinical Medicine)
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