High-Resolution Retinal Imaging: Hot Topics and Recent Developments

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 2895

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Biomedical Optics Technologies, Physical Sciences Inc., Andover, MA, USA
Interests: adaptive optics; optical coherence tomography; retina; optical imaging; retinal imaging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The building blocks of retinal microstructures need to be accurately identified, counted, segmented, and mapped in the living eye for diagnostic purposes. Various diseases such as diabetes affect the health of the retina by distorting the structural and functional characteristics of retinal components, leading to vision problems. Adaptive optics (AO) has been used in retinal imaging to enhance the resolution and reveal cellular-level details in both scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Novel techniques including non-confocal (offset/split/quad) SLO and averaging multiple volumes in high-speed OCT enable the visualization of retinal microstructures and facilitate the quantification of differences between healthy and diseased eyes at the cellular level. Functional testing of retinal circuitry, such as optoretinography (ORG) or neurovascular coupling as a response to controlled light stimulation, can provide an unbiased evaluation of one’s vision and enable the early detection of retinal diseases. The early identification of structural and functional abnormalities may open new treatment avenues for vision preservation.

Our purpose with this Special Issue is to showcase recent developments in high-resolution retinal imaging in terms of imaging techniques, new contrast mechanisms, and analysis methods, or to define and test new biomarkers that help understand the disruption of vision. Original research articles, high-interest reviews, and clinical investigations/case series/case reports of exceptional merit are welcomed.

Dr. Mircea Mujat
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 31210 KiB  
Article
Comparison between Two Adaptive Optics Methods for Imaging of Individual Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells
by Elena Gofas-Salas, Daniel M. W. Lee, Christophe Rondeau, Kate Grieve, Ethan A. Rossi, Michel Paques and Kiyoko Gocho
Diagnostics 2024, 14(7), 768; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14070768 - 04 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1407
Abstract
The Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) plays a prominent role in diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, but imaging individual RPE cells is challenging due to their high absorption and low autofluorescence emission. The RPE lies beneath the highly reflective photoreceptor layer (PR) and [...] Read more.
The Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) plays a prominent role in diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, but imaging individual RPE cells is challenging due to their high absorption and low autofluorescence emission. The RPE lies beneath the highly reflective photoreceptor layer (PR) and contains absorptive pigments, preventing direct backscattered light detection when the PR layer is intact. Here, we used near-infrared autofluorescence adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (NIRAF AOSLO) and transscleral flood imaging (TFI) in the same healthy eyes to cross-validate these approaches. Both methods revealed a consistent RPE mosaic pattern and appeared to reflect a distribution of fluorophores consistent with findings from histological studies. Interestingly, even in apparently healthy RPE, we observed dynamic changes over months, suggesting ongoing cellular activity or alterations in fluorophore distribution. These findings emphasize the value of NIRAF AOSLO and TFI in understanding RPE morphology and dynamics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Resolution Retinal Imaging: Hot Topics and Recent Developments)
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11 pages, 5774 KiB  
Article
Motion Contrast, Phase Gradient, and Simultaneous OCT Images Assist in the Interpretation of Dark-Field Images in Eyes with Retinal Pathology
by Mircea Mujat, Konstantina Sampani, Ankit H. Patel, Ronald Zambrano, Jennifer K. Sun, Gadi Wollstein, R. Daniel Ferguson, Joel S. Schuman and Nicusor Iftimia
Diagnostics 2024, 14(2), 184; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14020184 - 15 Jan 2024
Viewed by 846
Abstract
The cellular-level visualization of retinal microstructures such as blood vessel wall components, not available with other imaging modalities, is provided with unprecedented details by dark-field imaging configurations; however, the interpretation of such images alone is sometimes difficult since multiple structural disturbances may be [...] Read more.
The cellular-level visualization of retinal microstructures such as blood vessel wall components, not available with other imaging modalities, is provided with unprecedented details by dark-field imaging configurations; however, the interpretation of such images alone is sometimes difficult since multiple structural disturbances may be present in the same time. Particularly in eyes with retinal pathology, microstructures may appear in high-resolution retinal images with a wide range of sizes, sharpnesses, and brightnesses. In this paper we show that motion contrast and phase gradient imaging modalities, as well as the simultaneous acquisition of depth-resolved optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, provide additional insight to help understand the retinal neural and vascular structures seen in dark-field images and may enable improved diagnostic and treatment plans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Resolution Retinal Imaging: Hot Topics and Recent Developments)
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